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Journal of Maternal and Child Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490257     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on July 11, 2015, and is published four times yearly. JMCH aims to improve the policy, program, service, and practice, as they impact infant, children, mother, women, adolescent, and family health.
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Articles 549 Documents
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Multilevel Analysis on the Determinants of Antenatal Care Visit at Community Health Center in Madiun, East Java Purbaningrum, Sinta Ayu; Qadrijati, Isna; Adriani, Rita Benya; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is an important determinant of high maternal mortality rate and one of the basic components of maternal care. However, some pregnant women still had low awareness about the importance of ANC. The purpose of this study was to examine determinants of ANC visit in community health center, Madiun, East Java, and to determine the contextual effect of the community health center on the ANC visit.Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted in Madiun, East Java, from November to December 2018. A sample of 200 pregnant women was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was ANC visit. The independent variables were knowledge, occupation, number of children, attitude, income, and husband support. The data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed by a multilevel linear regression.Results: The likelihood of ANC visit increased with employment status (b= 1.97; 95% CI= 0.81 to 3.13; p= 0.001), good knowledge (b= 1.56; 95% CI= 0.41 to 2.72; p= 0.008), positive attitude (b= 1.74; 95% CI= 0.52 to 2.96; p= 0.005), higher family income (b= 1.42; 95% CI= 0.29 to 2.55; p= 0.014), and stronger husband support (b= 1.29; 95% CI= 0.16 to 2.43; p= 0.260). ANC visit decreased with larger number of children (b= -1.05; 95% CI= -2.17 to 0.07; p= 0.067). Community health center had strong contextual effect on ANC visit in pregnant women with ICC= 41.85%.Conclusion: ANC visit increases with employment status, good knowledge, positive attitude, high family income, and strong husband support. ANC visit decreases with large number of children. Community health center has strong contextual effect on ANC visit in pregnant women.Keywords: antenatal care, determinants, pregnant womenCorrespondence: Sinta Ayu Purbaningrum, Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A, 57126, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: shintayuu@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282220100192. Journal of Maternal and Child Health 2019, 4(3), 180-189https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.03.05 
The Contextual Effect of Village on Early Marriage in Wonogiri, Central Java Prawita, Mirna; Soemanto, RB; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 5 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: In spite of international agreements and national laws, the marriage of girls <18 years of age is common worldwide and affects millions. Child marriage is a human rights violation as it prevents girls from obtaining an education, enjoying optimal health, bonding with others their own age, maturing, and ultimately choosing their own life partners. Child marriage is driven by poverty. Therefore, village level of prosperity may have a contextual effect on child marriage. The purpose of this study was to examine the contextual effect of the village on early marriage in Wonogiri, Central Java.Subjects and Method: A case-control study was conducted at 25 villages in Wonogiri, East Java, in December 2018. A sample of 225 women was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was an early marriage. The independent variables were the intention, attitude, perceived behavior control, paternal education, maternal education, and information exposure. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by multilevel analysis.Results: The risk of early marriage increased with exposure to negative information (b= 0.97; 95% CI= 0.20 to 1.72; p<0.012), negative attitude (b= 1.67; 95% CI= 1.00 to 2.67; p<0.001), and strong intention (b= 1.86; 95% CI= 1.03 to 2.70; p<0.001). The risk of early marriage decreased with high paternal education (b= -0.81; 95% CI= -1.57 to -2.14; p= 0.009), high maternal education (b= -0.65; 95% CI= -1.37 to 0.85; p= 0.083), strong perceived behavior control (b= -1.77; 95% CI= -1.77 to -0.20; p= 0.013). Village had contextual effect on early marriage with ICC= 15%.Conclusion: The risk of early marriage increases with high exposure to information, negative attitude, and strong intention. The risk of early marriage increases with high paternal education high maternal education, strong perceived behavior control. The village has a contextual effect on early marriage.Keywords: intention, early marriage, parental education, information exposureCorrespondence: Mirna Prawita. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: mirna.prawita2013@gmail.com. Mobile: 085­642331691.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(5): 317-325https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.03
Association Between Nutritional Status and Age at Menarche Harahap, Asrika Sari; Santosa, Heru; Siagian, Albiner
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 5 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Menarche age is often considered for various reasons. It is one of the major indices of the female fertility which includes the period up to the menopause. More critically, menarche marks the onset of ovarian activity associated with reproduction and affects breast cancer risk. Some earlier studies reported that subjects who had menarche before 13 years of age were at a significantly higher risk of cancer cervix. Nutrition has an important bearing on age at menarche. Menarche is attained earlier by well-nourished adolescents. This study aimed to assess the relationship between menarche age and body mass index.Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Ki Hajar Dewantara Foundation Junior High School, Kota Pinang, Labuhanbatu Selatan, North Sumatera, in December 2017. A sample of 58 school girls attending Junior High School was selected for this study. The dependent variable was the menarche age. The independent variable was the body mass index (BMI). Body weight was measured by a scale. Body height was measured by micro toise. Other variables were measured by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by simple logistic regression.Results: BMI ≥ 25 was associated with an earlier menarche age (OR = 0.71; 95%CI= 0.20 to 0.85; p= 0.046).Conclusion: BMI ≥ 25 is associated with an earlier menarche age.Keywords: menarche age, body mass index, adolescentsCorrespondence: Asrika Sari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Universitas No.21, Medan 20115, North Sumatera, Indonesia, Email: asrikasariharahap1993@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282274134348.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(5): 335-337https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.05
The Association between Maternal Knowledge, Family Support, and Exclusive Breastfeeding in Siborong Borong Community Health Center, North Tapanuli, North Sumatera Sipahutar, Selferida; Lubis, Namora Lumongga; Siregar, Fazidah Agusliana
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 5 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding means that the infant receives only breast milk. No other liquids or solids are given – not even water – with the exception of oral rehydration solution, or drops/syrups of vitamins, minerals or medicines.WHO reported that nearly 90% of the under-five deaths occurred in developing countries and more than 40% of the deaths were due to diarrhea and acute respiratory infections. These diseases can be prevented by exclusive breastfeeding. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal knowledge, family support and exclusive breastfeeding in SiborongBorong Community Health Center, North Tapanuli, North Sumatera.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at Siborongborong community health center, North Tapanuli, North Sumatera. A sample of 97 mothers who had children aged 6-12 months were selected for this study by proportional random sampling. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The independent variables were maternal knowledge and family support. The data were analyzed by simple logistic regression.Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with maternal knowledge (OR=11.40; p= 0.001) and family support (OR= 9.30; p= 0.001).Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding is associated with maternal knowledge and family support.Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, maternal education, family supportCorrespondence: Selferida Sipahutar. Masters Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Universitas 21, Medan 20115, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Email: selferida­bidan@gmail.com. Mobile: +081362123930Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(5): 338-341https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.06
Maternal Mortality Evaluation: A Case Study in Bantul, Yogyakarta Dewi, Arlina; Bekti, Nikma Kurnianingtyas; Supriyatiningsih, Supriyatiningsih
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 5 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Maternal mortality rate is one of the indicators to measure the level of a woman's health. The maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still high, it's about 190/100.000 live birth. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the cause of maternal death in Bantul at 2016 which related to the health services including human resources.Subjects and Method: This was a mixed method with case study design on maternal mortality in Bantul District. The qualitative data collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and the quantitative data from the questionnaire were filled by a senior midwife throughout the hospital in Bantul. The number of hospitals in Bantul District was 11 consisting of 1 government hospital and 10 private hospitals.Results: The number of obstetricians who could be available 24 hours in hospitals was still limited. The skills of midwives were still considered to be limited in handling a number of obstetric emergency conditions due to the lack of regular training. The primary health care services which had been provided to support and handle obstetric emergencies, but the infrastructure and human resources were still considered inadequate. Thus, there was also a condition where the utilization of integrated ANC facilities in the primary health center (Puskesmas) was still low, soan early detection of complications of pregnancy was less optimal.Conclusion: There are three main topics causing the maternal mortality at Bantul, and those are 1)Maternal mortality related to hospital facilities, 2) Maternal mortality related to human resources at the hospital, 3) Maternal mortality related to health center facility.Keywords: maternal, obstetrician stand-by, hospitalCorrespondence: Arlina Dewi. Masters Program in Hospital Management, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Brawijaya, Bantul 55183, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email: dewikoen@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6281­22972576Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(5): 342-350https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.07 
The Effect of Stimulation, Detection, and Early Intervention Development Training Based on Group Dynamics on Motivation and Skill among Cadre Sari, Tria Puspita; Haryanti, Rusiana Sri
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 5 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Early childhood development monitoring by cadre was an effort to detect delayed development among children. Knowledge of child growth and development was highlighted as important for all cadres. Based on the survey in Surakarta, Central Java, in 2017, many cadres did not know about stimulation detection and early interventions development (SDEID). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of SDEID training based on group dynamics on cadre’s motivation and skill.Subjects and Method: This study was a quasy experiment conducted in Kadipiro, Surakarta, Central Java, from February to September 2018. A sample of 21 cadres was selected for this study by total sampling. The dependent variable was motivation and skill. The independent variables were SDEID training. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by paired t-test.Results: There was no difference motivation before (mean= 64.62; SD= 4.95) and after (mean= 63.62; SD= 5.17) training, but it was statistically non-significant (p= 0.526). Cadre’s skill after (mean= 29.71; SD= 6.52) was higher than before training (mean= 11.00; SD= 5.24) and it was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: SDEID training based on group dynamics is effective to improve cadre’s skill.Keywords: SDEID training, group dynamics, motivation, skill, cadresCorrespondence: Rusiana Sri Haryanti. Jl. Tulang Bawang Selatan No. 26, Kadipiro, Banjarsari, Surakarta, Central Java. Mobile: 085702162126, 082225297203. Email: triapipit20@gmail.com, ­rusiana­molyn@­gmail.com. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(5): 351-357https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.08
Life Course Factors Associated with Stunting in Children Aged 2-5 Years: A Path Analysis Dewi, Ayu Rosita; Dewi, Yulia Lanti Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 5 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Worldwide, in 2014, 23.8% of the children under-five years of age were stunted following the WHO definition, 7.5% were wasted but 6.1% had overweight or were obese. Developing countries host the bulk of the global stunting and child mortality rate. This study aimed to examine life course factors associated with stunting in children aged 2-5 years, using path analysis model.Subjek dan Metode: A case control study was conducted in Tulungagung, East Java, from October to November 2018. A sample of 200 children under five was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), maternal height, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, birth weight, birth length, infection disease, and clean water supply and sanitation. Data on maternal height was measured by microtoise. The other data were collected by maternal and child health book and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Stunting directly decreased with maternal MUAC (b= 2.47; 95% CI= 0.33 to 2.86; p= 0.013), maternal height (b=3.10; 95% CI= 0.79 to 3.54; p= 0.002), exclusive breastfeeding (b= 4.78; 95% CI= 2.05 to 4.91; p<0.001), complementary feeding (b= 2.35; 95% CI= 0.25 to 2.83; p= 0.019), normal birth weight (b= 3.64; 95% CI= 1.26 to 4.21; p<0.001), normal birth length (b= 4.10; 95% CI= 1.63 to 4.62; p<0.001), no infection disease (b= 3.28; 95% CI= 0.87 to 3.47; p= 0.001), and clean water supply (b= 2.99; 95% CI= 0.72 to 3.49; p<0.001). Stunting indirectly affected with infection disease and birth weight.Conclusion: Stunting directly decreases with maternal MUAC, maternal height, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, normal birth weight, normal birth length, no infection disease, and clean water supply. Stunting indirectly affects with infection disease and birth weight.Keywords: stunting, determinants, path analysisCorrespondence: Ayu Rosita Dewi. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ayrost2014@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285856852680.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(5): 358-367https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.09
The Relationship between Social Economic Levels and Anemia Events in Pregnant Women in Glugur Darat Health Center Noviyanti, Berliana; Simanjuntak, Harry C; Hutasoit, Eka Samuel P; Silitonga, Hendrika A; Julianto, Endy
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 6 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin level in the blood was lower than normal. Anemia diagnosed when the hemoglobin level was <11 gr / dl in the first and third trimesters or <10.5 gr% in the second trimester in pregnant women. WHO stated in 2010 that 40% of the causes of maternal mortality in developing countries were associated with ane­mia in pregnancy. Based on the Riskesdas (Basic Health Research) in 2013, the prevalence of ane­mia in pregnant women in Indonesia was 37.1%. One of the factors that influenced the inciden­ce of anemia in pregnant women was the socio-economic level. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between socio-economic level and the incidence of anemia in preg­nant women at the Glugur Darat Health Center.Subjects and Method: This was an analytical study with a cross sectional approach, conducted at Glugur Darat health center, Medan in 2018. Total 65 pregnant women were selected by consecutive sampling. The independent were the education level, job status, income level. The dependent variable was the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Data obtained by a set of questionnaire. The data analysis was conducted using Chi Square test. Results: As many as 40 pregnant women (61.5%) had anemia and 25 (38.5%) who were not anemic. 34 people (85.0%) among pregnant women with anemia was in the non-risk group, and 22 people in the Multi-gravida group (55.0%), 16 (40.0%) people in the Primipara group, 27 people (67.5%) in Trimester gestational age III.  As many as 28 people (70.0%) had secondary education. Based on occupational 31 people (77.5%) was not working, 19 people (47.5%) had medium income.Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between the level of education, occupational status, and income level with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women.Keywords: Education, Employment, Income, Anemia, Pregnant Women.Correspondence: Berliana Noviyanti. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia, Medan, Sumatra Utara. Email: berliana.noviyanti55@gmail.com.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(6): 48-56https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.06.05
Contextual Effect of “Posyandu” in the Incidence of Anemia in Children under Five Rokhayati, Rokhayati; Salimo, Harsono; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 6 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: Iron deficiency can cause anemia which adversely affects children's growth, especially in terms of achievement, quality of life, and performance as human resources in the future. Birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding complementary feeding (EBF-CF) have a direct relationship with the incidence of anemia in infants. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence anemia in children under five at the Banguntapan II Bantul Health Center, Yogyakarta.Subjects and Method: The cross sectional study was conducted at 25 posyandu in the working area of Banguntapan II Bantul Health Center, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A sample of 200 children aged 24–60 months was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable is anemia in infants. Independent variables are exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding, birth weight, nutritional status (BB / TB), mother's education, and mother's work. Anemia data was measured by Hb meter, other variable data were collected using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using a multiple logistic regression with a multilevel approach.Results: The risk of anemia in infants is reduced by exclusive breastfeeding (b = –5.77; 95% CI = -11.30 to -0.24; p = 0.041), EBF-CF administration is appropriate (b = –12.24; 95% CI = -22.47 to -2.00 , p = 0.019), birth weight 2500–4000 g (b = –5.04; CI 95% = -9.87 to 0.21; p = 0.040), good nutritional status (-2SD - + 2SD) (b = –9.11; CI 95% = -17.99 to 0.23; p = 0.044), high maternal education (high school) (b = -10.96; 95% CI = -20.61 to 1.31; p = 0.026), and mothers who work at home (b = -5.98; 95% CI = -11.27 to -0.68; p = 0.026). Posyandu strata showed that there was a contextual influence of posyandu on variations in anemia incidence (ICC = 62.62%).Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding, proper EBF-CF, normal birth weight, good nutritional status, high maternal education, and mothers working at home reduce the risk of anemia in infants.Keywords: anemia, children under five, exclusive breastfeeding, multilevelCorrespondence: Rokhayati. Public Health Master’s Program, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, 57126, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah.Email: ocharochayati1991@gmail.com. Mobile +6285­328014414Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(6): 1-10https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.06.01
Path Analysis on The Biological and Social Life Course Factors Affecting Childs Speech and Language Development Delay Indriasih, Merlita; Salimo, Harsono; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol 4, No 6 (2019)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background: The development in children occurs once during the period of their life. The la­ngu­age ability is an indicator of all the development. The lack of stimulation can cause speech and la­ngu­­age disorders and this disorder can persist. This study aimed to determine the effects of bio­lo­gi­cal and social life course factors on delayed speech and language development.Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic with cross-sectional approach, conducted in 25 integrated health posts (posyandu) located in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta in March to April 2019. The total sample of 225 toddlers was chosen using fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variable was delayed speech and language development. The independent variables we­re income, employment, nutritional status, birth weight, history of toxoplasma, rubella, CMV and TORCH, history of infection, duration of gadget use, language, frequency of posyandu visit, and early childhood education (PAUD). Data collection on delayed speech and language de­ve­lop­ment were measured by Denver II. The data were analyzed by path analysis.Results: Speech and language delayed development was directly decreased with normal birth weight (b= -2.19; 95% CI= -3.58 to -0.79; p= 0.002), employed mother (b = -1.32; 95% CI = -2.38 to -0.27; p = 0.013), good nutritional status (b = -2.14; 95% CI = -3.37 to -0.91; p = 0.001), re­gu­lar­ly attend integrated health post (b = -1.29; 95% CI = -2.31 to -0.26; p = 0.013 ), mono language (b = -1.02; 95% CI = -1.99 to -0.04; p = 0.041), low duration of gadget use (b = -1.59; 95% CI = 0.23 to 2.33; p = 0.017). Speech and language delayed development was directly increased with history of di­sease (b = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.34 to 2.40; p= 0.009), and did not attend Pre-school (b = 1.28; 95% CI = -2.65 to -0.53; p = 0.003). It was indirectly affected by number of children, income, and history of TORCH.Conclusion: Delays in speech and language development are directly influenced by birth weight, infection history, employment, nutritional status, frequency to posyandu (integrated health posts), long usage of gadgets, PAUD (pre-school) and indirectly influenced by income and the number of children.Keywords: the development of speech and language, the use of gadgetsCorrespondence: Merlita Indriasih. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir.Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: merlitaindriasih@gmail.com. Mobile: 085­641097941.Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2019), 4(6): 11-22https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.06.02

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