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Journal of Maternal and Child Health

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Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret

ISSN : - EISSN : 25490257 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on July 11, 2015, and is published four times yearly. JMCH aims to improve the policy, program, service, and practice, as they impact infant, children, mother, women, adolescent, and family health.

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Articles 549 Documents

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Effect of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding on Exclusive Breastfeeding and Stunting: A Meta-Analysis Nisa, Tsamarah Iffah Zahrotin; Adriani, Rita Benya; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is the act of giving breast milk to babies from 0 to 6 months of age without giving any additional food or drinks, other than medicines. Stunting is a nutritional problem in which there is a linear growth disorder caused by chronic nutritional problems and recurrent infections characterized by a height-for-age index (TB/U) where the Z score is less than -2 SD. Early initiation of breastfeeding is one of the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting. This study aims to examine the effect of early initiation of breastfeeding on exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting.Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model (Population: mothers and children 0 to 59 months, Intervention: early initiation of breastfeeding, Comparison: no initiation of early breastfeeding, Outcome: exclusive breastfeeding and stunting). The databases used are PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Schoolar with keywords ((early breastfeeding initiation OR skin to skin contact OR breast crawl) AND (exclusive breastfeeding OR breast feeding) AND (stunting)). There were 19 cross-sectional studies published in 2012-2022 that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis was performed with Revman 5.3.Results: 19 articles with a cross-sectional study design originating from Bangladesh, China, Congo, Ecuador, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Malawi, Romania, Rwanda, Spain, and Tanzania involving 160,080 mothers and children 0 to 59 months. A meta-analysis of 11 cross-sectional studies showed that mothers and babies who initiated early breastfeeding were 2.16 times more likely to exclusively breastfeed than those who did not initiate early breastfeeding (aOR= 2.16, 95% CI = 1.76 to 2.65; p<0.001). A meta-analysis of 8 cross-sectional studies showed that mothers and babies who initiated early breastfeeding had a 0.89 times chance of not being stunted compared to those who did not initiate early breastfeeding (aOR= 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84 to 0.94; p<0.001 ).Conclusion: Early initiation of breastfeeding can increase exclusive breastfeeding. Early initiation of breastfeeding can reduce the incidence of stunting. Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Stunting Incidence, Early Breastfeeding Initiation, Meta-Analysis. Correspondence: Tsamarah Iffah Zahrotin Nisa. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: tsamaraiffah@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285736314422.

Are Maternal Education, Maternal Occupation, and Breastfeeding Escalate Nutrition Status in Stunted Children? Sari, Ria Setia; Ratnasari, Febi; Susilowati, Yuni
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 6 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Stunting is a nutritional problem that has a negative impact on achieving optimal growth and development in children. The Tangerang District Health Office has a high percentage of stunting children. Improving the nutrition of stunting children is influenced by providing balanced nutrition to children. Stunting children have an old orange with elementary-high school education. This study aims to determine the relationship between mother's education, mother's occupation and exclusive breastfeeding with the improvement of nutritional status in stunting children. Subjects and Method: This research was conducted using cross sectional with a total sample of 45 subjects. The dependent variable is the improvement of stunting nutritional status. The independent variables were the mother's education level, occupation and exclusive breastfeeding status. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression test. Results: Low education affects the improvement of nutritional status in children (aOR= 1.68; 95% CI= 0.53 to 5.31; p= 0.660), Employment as a protective factor on nutritional status in stunted children (aOR= 0.64; 95% CI= 0.16 to 2.87; p = 0.450) Conclusion: Mother's education affects the improvement of nutritional status in stunted children.

Influence of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Physical Activity on Age of Menarche in Female Adolescent Rachma, Ulfa Puspita; Moelyo, Annang Giri; Aryani, Imasari
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: The age of menarche which was referred to first time of teenagers had menstruation can be affected by anthropometric index, including body mass index, and waist circumference. Differences in measurement of body mass index, waist circumference, and intensity of physical activity will make some differences in age of menarche. This research aimed to determine the influence of body mass index, waist circumference and physical activity with age of menarche in late adolescent girls in Surakarta. Subjects and Method: The data collected by observed 359 adolescent girls aged 15 until 18 years old in Surakarta during September to October 2016 using observational analytic with cross sectional methods. The independent variables were body mass index, waist circumference, and physical activity. The dependent variable is age of menarche. Body mass index is measured using BW (kg)/BH² (m²) formula, in which: BW is Body Weight (measured using digital standardized scales) and BH is Body Height (measured using standardized microtoise). Students asked to fill in the questionnaire that contain questions regarding reproductive health especially menarche and physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The data is processed using SPSS for Windows 23.0 and are analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results: From the 359 respondents, the mean of age of menarche is 12.6 years (Mean= 12.6; SD= 1). Mean of body mass index is 21.42 kg/m² (Mean= 21.42; SD= 4.44). Mean of waist circumference is 70.41 cm (Mean= 70.41; SD= 7.47). There are 87 respondents (24.2%) with low physical activity, 100 respondents (29.5%) with moderate physical activity, and 166 respondents (46.2%) with high physical activity. Physical activity has significant influence positively (OR= 1.98; 95% CI= 0.39 to 4.72; p= 0.017) on the age of menarche. Conclusion: Physical activity has significant influence on the age of menarche in adolescent girls in Kota Surakarta, Indonesia.

Path Analysis: Maternal Determinants and Hair Zinc Levels as Predictors of Stunting and Developmental Disorders in Children Under Five Yunia Sari, Nunik Ike; Maringga, Estin Gita
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Stunting that occurs during childhood will have an impact on the condition of cognitive development in the future. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors that have a direct and indirect effect on the stunting and developmental disorders in children under five. Subjects and Method: This was a case study located at Gurah Health Center, Kediri, East Java, from August 4th to 29th 2020. A sample size of 100 subjects was selected by randomly. The dependent variables were stunting and developmental disorders. The independent variables were maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), exclusive breastfeeding, low birth weight (LBW), infants birth length, and hair zinc levels. The data were measured by questionnaire. Hair zinc levels were tested in the laboratory. Quantitative data analysis used path analysis. Results: Child development was directly and positively influenced by the maternal MUAC (b= 0.12; SE= 0.36; p<0.001), birth weight (b= 0.29; SE= 0.15; p= 0.042), birth length (b= 0.37; SE= 0.15; p= 0.011), breastfeeding (b= 0.08; SE= 0.04; p= 0.033), stunting (b= -0.39; SE= 0.10; p <0.001), and hair zinc level (b= 0.58; SE= 0.67; p <0.001). Hair zinc level was positively influenced by birth weight (b= 0.92; SE= 0.04; p <0.001). Child development was indirectly influenced by exclusive breastfeeding, birth length, and zinc levels. Conclusion: Child development is directly and positively influenced by the maternal MUAC, birth weight, birth length, breastfeeding, stunting, and hair zinc level. Hair zinc level is positively influenced by birth weight. Child development ias indirectly influenced by exclusive breastfeeding, birth length, and zinc levels.

Knowledge and Perceptions on Antenatal Care among Men in Embakasi South Sub County, Nairobi, Kenya Kinoti, Fred Kirimi; Fava, Salvatore
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Involving husbands and men in decision-making processes can play a crucial role in antenatal care uptake and utilisation. However, men often lack necessary knowledge and have misleading beliefs and perceptions.Subjects and Method: The current research was an analytical cross sectional study conducted in Embakasi South Sub county, Nairobi, Kenya which sought to assess the knowledge and attitude towards antenatal care among men. Kelsey et al sample size determination formula was used to calculate a sample of 66 subjects. A researcher-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were used in the analysis of data with the help of SPSS.Results: The results in this study showed that slightly above half (57.6%, n=38) of the subjects had low knowledge. Slightly above half (51.5%, n=34) had positive attitudes towards ANC. None of the demographic characteristics was significant to knowledge. There was also no significant associations between demographic characteristics and subjects’ attitudes towards antenatal care. There was a significant association (p =0.048) between knowledge and attitudes. Results showed that subjects with low knowledge were 2.196 times likely to have positive attitudes.Conclusion: These findings highlight the current knowledge gap that exists among men regarding antenatal care. An education intervention program ought to be carried out among men in Embakasi South Sub County and other parts of Nairobi and the country. Community health programs should also build on the positive attitudes towards ANC as found in this study to help improve male involvement in antenatal care and other reproductive health issues.

Prenatal Exposure to Mercury and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Rio Birth Cohort Study (PIPA Project) Vianna, Angelica dos Santos; Camara, Volney de Magalhaes; de Figueiredo, Nataly Damasceno; Rodrigues Froes Asmus, Carmen Ildes
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant, with studies of its prenatal exposure indicating adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight, preterm delivery, and micro- cephaly. Therefore, we analyzed prenatal Hg exposure levels and their relationship with birth outcomes in pregnant women living in an urban area in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study nested in the prospective birth cohort (PIPA Project) was conducted at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Maternity School from October to November 2017. A total of 117 mother-infant pairs were evaluated. The sampling technique used convenience sampling. The independent variables encompassed maternal and cord blood Hg levels, while the dependent variables were birth weight, birth length, head circumference (neonatal anthropometrics), and Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes. The Hg levels were analyzed using induc- tively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and dependent variable data were obtained through medical records. Multiple regression models were applied using the SPSS. Results: The detection rate of maternal and cord blood was 100%, with medians of 0.76 and 0.91 µg/L, respectively. A strong correlation between maternal and cord blood Hg levels was observed (r= 0.70; p<0.010), as well as an inverse association between cord blood Hg and Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes (b=−0.47; p<0.010; b=−0.34; p<0.010) after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: Our study provided preliminary evidence that Hg exposure was associated with a worse Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes. However, the relevance of this finding requires further evaluations due to its potential clinical implications concerning newborn health. Keywords: Mercury, Maternal exposure, Apgar Score, Anthropometry Correspondence: Angelica dos Santos Vianna. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Avenida Horacio Macedo sem numero – Proximo a Prefeitura Universitária da UFRJ. Ilha do Fundao – Cidade Universitária. ZIP Code: 21941-598, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Email address: angelica- @iesc.ufrj.br

Meta-Analysis the Effect of Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnant Women on Prematurity and Low Birth Weight Wulandari, Rizqi Amalia; Budihastuti, Uki Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 6 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: During pregnancy there are physiological changes associated with the pregnancy process that can cause urinary tract infections caused by the enlargement of the uterus, decreased urine flow through the ureters and decreased bladder tone during pregnancy. So that healthy pregnant women become vulnerable to serious complications in the urinary tract and will have an impact on the mother and baby who will be at great risk of causing premature birth and low birth weight. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the effect of urinary tract infections in pregnant women on premature birth and low birth weight. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted with PRISMA flow diagrams. Search articles through journal databases including: Google Scholar, MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct, Spinger Link and Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ) by selecting articles published in 2005-2021. The keywords used were “Urinary Tract Infection Pregnancy” AND “Preterm Labor”, “Urinary Tract Infection Pregnancy” AND “Low Birth Weight”, “Urinary Tract Infection Pregnancy” AND “Preterm Labor” AND “Low Birth Weight” AND “adjusted Odds Ratio". Inclusion criteria included full-text articles, case-control study designs. The analysis used logistic regression with adjusted odds ratio. Eligible articles were analyzed using the Revman 5.3 application. Results: A total of 17 articles were reviewed in this study with a case control study design. A meta-analysis of 11 articles showed that urinary tract infections in pregnant women increased the risk of preterm delivery by 2.49 times compared with pregnant women without urinary tract infections (aOR = 2.49; 95% CI = 2.04 to 3.05; p<0.001), whereas 7 The article shows that urinary tract infections in pregnant women can increase the risk of increasing the risk of LBW by 1.54 times compared to pregnant women without urinary tract infections (aOR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.24 to 1.91; p<0.001). Conclusion: Urinary tract infections increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight.

Comparative Study of Feto-Maternal Outcome of Antenatal Cases as per the Standard WHO Guidelines vs Revised Antenatal Visit Schedule during COVID 19 Pandemic Bhardwaj, Bikram; Menon, Aruna; Prajapati, Vipin Kumar; Kathi, Apphia Saphir; Singh, Randeep
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Good antenatal care helps a woman face labour in good health and optimum conditions. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and WHO guidelines suggest 15 visits in the whole pregnancy. Keeping in view the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the exposure of pregnant ladies the number of antenatal visits was reduced to 7 milestone visits and outcome was noted. This study aimed to do a comparative study of feto-maternal outcome in antenatal cases at our centre using standard WHO protocol vs. revised antenatal protocol during COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects and Method: This was an observational study done at a tertiary care center of an Armed forces hospital with target population as pregnant ladies attending antenatal care Out patient department of the hospital during COVID19 pandemic Vs Antenatal cases in previous 1 year. A comparative analysis of pregnancy outcome, maternal variables during pregnancy and delivery along with neonatal variables was done. Results: There were lesser deliveries by 41.7% as compared to non-COVID times. There was an increase in the caesarean delivery rate and instrumental delivery rate during COVID times by 11% and 53% respectively. There was increase in Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) by 26.6%. The incidence of fetal growth restriction, placental abruption, maternal anaemia and gestational diabetes mellitus, oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios was low. The incidence of spontaneous abortions was also low in our study. In contrast, the incidence of pre-term deliveries doubled from 7.4% to 13.4%. Neonatal morbidity and mortality indicators like Neonatal Intensive care unit (NICU) admissions showed a rising trend of 1.7% during the COVID (14.6% to 16.3%) with a minimal rise in early neonatal deaths by 0.2%. Conclusion: Our model doesn't show an increase in maternal, neonatal morbidity, and mortality. This model can be used as a standard of care for Antenatal patients during Pandemics. It reduces the risk exposure of the gravid mother without any significant increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: antenatal care, COVID-19 pandemic, revised antenatal schedule. Correspondence: Vipin Kumar Prajapati. Graded Specialist Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, AFMC, Pune. Email: vipinafmc@gmail.com. Contact No: 8811015130

Association Between Food Plastic Packaging and Dysmenorrhea in Female Adolescents Maghrifi, Dhini Safira; Lestari, Pudji; Saâ€™adi, Ashon
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Most women experience certain pain and difficulty during menstruation or what is known as dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological problem and is the most frequently reported chief complaint in women. Dysmenorrhea is defined as cramping in the lower abdomen that occurs before or during menstruation. The use of plastic as food and beverage packaging is still a commonly used in the community. Plastic contains several compounds, including phthalates and bisphenol-A (BPA) which have potential as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Menstruation and dysmenorrhea are closely related to hormonal system disorders. This study aims to analyze the relationship between food plastic exposure and the incidence of dysmenorrhea among adolescents.Subjects and Method: The design in this study is observational analytic with a cohort approach. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga with a population of midwifery students. The sampling technique used was total sampling with a total of 149 subjects. The dependent variable was. dysmenorrhea. The independent variable was food plastic exposure. The instruments used were a visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire and a food plastic exposure questionnaire. The data collection was taken in 2 menstrual cycles. Data were analyzed by chi-square test.Results: The results showed that 71.8% of the subjects experienced moderate level of exposure to food plastic. Dysmenorrhea reported that 128 subjects (86%) had dysmenorrhea. In VAS assess-ment, most of the subjects which was 43% experienced mild pain. This study showed that there was a relationship between exposure to plastic food and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents (p= 0.049).Conclusion: There is a relationship between exposure to plastic food and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.

Effect of Urinary Tract Infection on Premature Birth: A Meta Analysis Palupi, Raras Indung; Widyaningsih, Vitri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 7 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Background: Neonatal mortality in the world is mostly caused by premature birth (43%), and in Indonesia the biggest cause of neonatal death is premature birth (45%). One of the causes of pregnant women experiencing premature labor, namely urinary tract infections due to changes in the urinary tract system during pregnancy. This study aims to analyze the primary study of the effect of urinary tract infections in pregnant women on preterm delivery with a meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: pregnant women. Intervention: Having a urinary tract infection. Comparison: No urinary tract infection. Outcome: Premature delivery. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles (“urinary tract infection” AND “preterm labor” OR “premature birth” OR “premature labor”). The included article is full text in English with a case-control study design from 2006 to 2022 and reports the adjusted odds ratio in a multivariate analysis. The selection of articles is done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 aplikasi application. Results: A total of 10 case-control studies from Iran, Iraq, India, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Peru were selected for the meta-analysis. The data collected showed that pregnant women with urinary tract infections increased the occurrence of preterm labor by 2.19 times compared to pregnant women who did not experience urinary tract infections (aOR= 2.19; 95% CI= 1.80 to 2.66; p<0.001). Conclusion: Urinary tract infection during pregnancy increases the incidence of preterm labor. Keywords: urinary tract infection, premature delivery, meta-analysis. Correspondence: Raras Indung Palupi. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: Palupiraras05@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285337540058.

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