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Journal of Maternal and Child Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25490257     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open-access, double-blind and peer-reviewed international journal, focusing on maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on July 11, 2015, and is published four times yearly. JMCH aims to improve the policy, program, service, and practice, as they impact infant, children, mother, women, adolescent, and family health.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 374 Documents
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Gadget, Parenting Style, Work Stress, and Toddler Speech Delay:A Retrospective Analysis in Industrial Area of Bekasi Prakoso, Anom Dwi; Marini, Ice
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 10 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.06.01

Abstract

Background: Speech delay affects around 20% of toddlers in Indonesia and is prevalent in industrial areas where parents face long working hours. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of screen time, parenting style, and parental work stress with speech delay in toddlers.Subjects and Method: This retrospective case-control study was conducted in Bekasi industrial area, August- September 2025. A total of 60 toddlers (13 with speech delay, 47 controls) were selected purposively. Speech delay was diagnosed using Denver II and MacArthur-Bates CDI. Inde¬pendent variables included screen time, parenting style, and work stress, measured with validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and logistic regression.    Results: The prevalence of speech delay was 21.7%. Screen time >1 hour/day was significantly associated with a higher risk of speech delay (OR=13.61; 95% CI=3.21 to 28.94; p=0.002). High parental work stress also increased the risk (OR=10.84; 95% CI=2.13 to 21.77; p=0.013). Parenting style showed no significant association (OR=2.73; p=0.233). Qualitative analysis revealed six themes including digital parenting, alternative stimulation, interactions that limit work stress, responsive vs. permissive parenting, awareness and intervention, and socioeconomic influences.Conclusion: Excessive screen time and parental work stress are dominant risk factors for toddler speech delay in industrial families. Prevention efforts should focus on digital literacy for parents, responsive parenting, and stress management programs at community and workplace levels.
Effectiveness of Lemongrass Gel on Pain Intensity and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Adolescent Girls with Primary Dysmenorrhea Hadibrata, Nabila Febriana; Sumarni, Sri; Sunarjo, Lanny
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 10 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.06.04

Abstract

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain caused by increased prostaglandins, which cause excessive uterine contractions. This condition is often experienced by adolescent girls and can cause stress and increased cortisol levels. One safe and easy-to-use non-pharmacological treatment is lemongrass gel (Cymbopogon citratus), which contains essential oils such as citral and geraniol, which have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of lemongrass gel on pain intensity and salivary cortisol levels in adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea.Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial. The study location was State Vocational High School 11 of Semarang. Data collection was conducted from June to July 2025. The intervention group was given 2 grams of 5% lemongrass gel twice daily for 3 days, and the control group was given hot cream. The dependent variables studied were pain intensity and salivary cortisol levels, while the independent variables were lemongrass gel and analgesic cream (Hot Cream). The analysis technique used a paired sample t-test.Results: The mean pain intensity in the intervention group after being given lemongrass gel was lower (Mean= 2.55; SD= 1.15) compared to before the intervention (Mean= 8.30; SD= 1.13) and was statistically significant (p <0.001). The average salivary cortisol level in the intervention group after being given lemongrass gel was lower (Mean= 12.15; SD= 3.30) compared to before the intervention (Mean= 21.91; SD= 8.05) and was statistically significant (p=0.008).Conclusion: The application of 5% lemongrass gel was proven to be effective in reducing pain intensity and salivary cortisol levels in adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea, making it a safe and practical non-pharmacological therapy alternative.
A Scoping Review of Maternal Birth Experience in Low- and Middle-Income Countries from 2014-2024 Madhurima Pal; Qu, Sarah; Alizadeh, Anita; Lu, Andy; Ali Sindhu, Hussain; Nwankwo, Chizitere
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.01.02

Abstract

Background: Childbirth experiences differ widely, shaped by cultural beliefs, socioeconomic status, healthcare infrastructure, and delivery location. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), limited access to quality care and higher maternal mortality rates deeply affect women’s experiences and outcomes. While prior studies have typically examined economic, social, or structural influences independently, a comprehensive approach that integrates these domains is needed. This study aims to examine the economic, social, and structural factors influencing maternal experiences in LMICs and assess how these factors shape both the choice of delivery location and maternal care experience.Subjects and Method: A literature search of studies from 2014 to 2024 was conducted using MEDLINE and Google Scholar. Controlled vocabulary (e.g., MeSH terms) and Boolean operators combined terms such as “midwives,” “birth assistants,” “LMICs,” “hospital birth,” and “maternal mortality rates.” Only peer-reviewed quantitative and qualitative English-language studies examining maternal birth experience in  LMICs were included. Grey literature, reviews, and opinion pieces were excluded. Findings were organized using a global framework on maternal health determinants.Results: Of 114 articles identified, 8 met the inclusion criteria, covering studies from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, rural Sierra Leone, Kenya, rural Zambia, Chiapas (Mexico), and Eritrea. These studies revealed that maternal experience and delivery location are shaped by economic, social and structural factors. Hospital fees and informal costs discouraged facility-based births, while limited education, cultural norms and male-dominated decision-making reduced women’s autonomy in choosing their delivery location. Structural challenges, including staff shortages, lack of privacy, and poor rural access, further limited hospital deliveries.Conclusion: Maternal birth experiences in LMICs are influenced by hospital delivery costs, cultural beliefs, limited education and awareness, and inadequate healthcare facilities, which reduce access to quality care and undermine women’s autonomy. Targeted interventions, such as affordable, culturally sensitive, and accessible healthcare and education-focused initiatives, are essential to enhancing maternal birth experiences and outcomes.
Psychological Well-Being Among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Insights from Buug, Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippine Calanda, Ailyn; Labrador, Hadassah Sulamith; Paracale, Shawie Lou; Tilid, Jhana Marie; Gallego, Randy Ian; Laranjo, Tashmera; Merasol, Hope Lovely
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.01.04

Abstract

Background: Traditionally, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) has been classified primarily as an endocrine disorder. Contemporary research, however, has elucidated its multifaceted nature, encompassing metabolic, hormonal, and psychosocial dimensions that substantially influence patients' quality of life. Women with PCOS are often subjected to significant emotional distress due to the syndrome's physical manifestations, fertility issues, and body image challenges, which are frequently accompanied by elevated levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. This study aims to highlight the psychological ramifications of PCOS diagnosis and underscore the imperative of integrating psychological considerations into holistic patient care.Subjects and Method: Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, this study assessed the perceived psychological impact of PCOS diagnosis among women in Buug, Zamboanga Sibugay. A sample of 81 randomly selected respondents completed a validated and reliability-tested questionnaire. The dependent variables comprised the perceived impact of PCOS diagnosis on the respondents’ psychological health. The independent variables of the study were the respondents’ perceptions of their PCOS diagnosis in terms of the duration, challenges, and lifestyle changes associated with the condition. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rho and Pearson correlation coefficients.Results: The findings indicate that the duration of PCOS diagnosis, the associated challenges, and subsequent lifestyle modifications significantly affect participants' psychological well-being. Statistical analysis indicated significant correlations between psychological health and the duration of diagnosis (p < 0.001), diagnostic challenges (p < 0.001), and lifestyle changes (p < 0.001), highlighting their critical impact on psychological outcomes.Conclusion: The study emphasizes the critical need to incorporate psychological aspects into the management of PCOS. Effective intervention that addresses both the physical and psychological dimensions of PCOS can substantially enhance patient care and improve overall quality of life for women affected by this syndrome.
Social relationships and empowerment as risk factors for anemia among anxious pregnant women in Pakistan Suleman, Nadia; Liaqat, Rakhshanda; Park, Soim; Ahmad, Ikhlaq; Zaidi, Ahmed; Atif, Najia; Kamran, Haris; Rahman, Atif; Surkan, Pamela J.; Malik, Abid
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.01.05

Abstract

Background: Empowered women with social support are more likely to seek healthcare services, leading to better health outcomes. This study investigated spousal relationships, social support, and women's empowerment in relation to anemia in pregnant women living in urban areas of Rawalpindi, Pakistan.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study enrolled 1,200 pregnant women at ≤ 22 weeks of gestation from Holy Family Hospital, Pakistan. The anxiety component of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess eligibility, with a cutoff score of > 8. The quality of marital relationships, social support, and women's empowerment were evaluated using the MacArthur Relationship Questionnaire (MRQ), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and an empowerment scale, respectively. Blood samples were collected to assess anemia in the participants. Descriptive statistics, risk ratios and bivariate analysis were conducted to explore the association.Results: At enrollment, 29.7% of pregnant women exhibited mild anemia, 14.6% exhibited moderate anemia, and 0.3% exhibited severe anemia. Having a strong spousal relationship was significantly associated with decreased risk of anemia (RR=0.87; 95% CI= 0.82 to 0.93, p<0.001). However, social support from family members (excluding spouses) or friends did not show a significant association with the risk of anemia. Interestingly, financially empowered pregnant women had a higher risk of anemia compared to women who were not financially empowered (RR=1.14; 95% CI= 1.01 to 1.30; p= 0.040).Conclusion: Support from a husband was associated with reduced risk of anemia in pregnant women in Pakistan. Enhancing spousal relationships and incorporating health literacy into empowerment programs could improve maternal health by lowering the risks of anemia.
Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf and Arachis hypogaea Flour Biscuit Supplementation on Breast Milk Production in Breastfeeding Mothers Nurzam, Eka; Marsum; Irmawati
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 10 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.06.06

Abstract

Background: Breastfeeding mothers often experience problems in providing exclusive breastfeed­ing, one of which is complaints about insufficient milk production. One safe and easy-to-use non-pharmacological treatment is moringa leaves and peanuts, which contain flavonoids and essential minerals that stimulate the production of the hormones oxytocin and prolactin. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of supplementing Moringa leaf and peanut flour biscuits on breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers. Subjects and Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest with control group design. The study location was in the community of Palu health office. Data collection was conducted from October to November 2025. The study consisted of two groups: an intervention group receiving 100 g of moringa leaf and peanut flour biscuits once daily for 14 days, and a control group receiving nutrition education for breastfeeding mothers. The dependent variables were infant weight, bowel movements, and urination. The independent variables were supplementation with moringa leaf and peanut flour biscuits and nutrition education for breastfeeding mothers. The analysis technique used was Friedman and Man Whitney. Results: The average weight of infants in the intervention group after being given moringa leaf and peanut flour biscuit supplementation was higher (Mean = 3775.1; SD = 455.5) than before the intervention (Mean = 3353.5; SD = 442.2) and was statistically significant (p <0.001). The average number of bowel movements in the intervention group after being given moringa leaf and peanut flour biscuit supplementation was higher (Mean = 3.6; SD = 0.50) than before the intervention (Mean = 2.95; SD = 0.51) and was statistically insignificant (p = 0.305). The average number of urinations in the intervention group after being given moringa leaf and peanut flour biscuit supplementation was higher (Mean = 6.75; SD = 0.91) than before the intervention (Mean = 5.50; SD = 0.607) and was statistically significant (p = 0.015). Conclusion: Supplementation with moringa leaf flour biscuits and peanuts has been proven effective in increasing breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers, making it a safe and practical non-pharmacological therapy alternative.
Determinants of Low Birth Weight at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia Bachtiar, Erlangga Yusa; Novika, Revi Gama Hata; Murti, Bhisma; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 10 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.06.05

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major cause of infant and neonatal mortality in Indonesia. Data from the 2022 Nutritional Status Survey and the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey reported an increase in the prevalence of LBW from 5.9% to 6.1%. Records from Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Indonesia, also show a rise in the number of LBW cases, from 392 cases in 2023 to 412 cases in 2024. This study examines the effects of maternal education, household income, antenatal care (ANC), anemia during pregnancy, preeclampsia, and chronic energy deficiency (CED) on the incidence of LBW at Dr. Moewardi hospital. Subjects and Method: This quantitative study employed a case–control design. The research was conducted at Dr. Moewardi hospital and included 100 infants with low birth weight and 100 infants with normal birth weight, selected using fixed-disease and random sampling methods. The dependent variable was LBW. The independent variables were maternal education, household income, ANC, anemia during pregnancy, preeclampsia, and CED. Data were collected through questionnaires and medical records, and analyzed using simple logistic regression and path analysis.Results: LBW was directly associated with maternal CED (b= 0.79; 95% CI= 0.08 to 1.51; p= 0.028), maternal anemia (b= 0.91; 95% CI= 0.17 to 1.65; p= 0.015), and preeclampsia (b= 1.45; 95% CI= 0.77 to 2.13; p < 0.001). LBW was indirectly influenced by ANC visits, family income, and maternal education. The path model demonstrated good fit indices (AIC= 1221.24; BIC= 1283.91).Conclusion: LBW directly increases with maternal CED, maternal anemia, and preeclampsia. LBW indirectly affects by ANC visit, family income, and maternal education.
Determinants of Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnancy at Lebak Wangi Community Health Center, Banten, Indonesia Rahmadhena, Melisa Putri; Astuti, Erlin Wibi
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.01.03

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition during pregnancy increases the risk of anemia, hypertension, miscarriage, fetal death, and causes low birthweight and fetal growth disorders that have a long-term impact on quality of life and health costs. Understanding and analyzing the problem of chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women based on comprehensive determinants is indispensable in order to design appropriate policies and treatment actions. This study aims to analyze the influence of the determinants of the incidence of chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women.Subjects and Method: This is a case control study conducted at the "Lebak Wangi" Health Center in Serang-Banten, Indonesia, in November 2025. The sample in this study was 105 pregnant women divided into 2 groups of cases, namely 53 pregnant women who suffered from chronic energy deficiency and a control group of 52 pregnant women with normal nutritional conditions. The exposure variable in this study is chronic energy deficiency). Independent variables were maternal age, gestational age, parity, education, economic status, haemoglobin level, and body mass index. The instrument research was master table. The analysis was carried out by multiple logistic regression.Results: Mothers with a lean body mass index are more likely to experience chronic energy deficiency up to 4.7 times more than mothers with a normal and statistically significant body mass index (aOR= 4.70; 95%CI= 0.34 to 0.83; p <0.001). Older gestational age has a 3.5 times smaller chance of chronic energy deficiency than younger gestational age and is statistically significant (aOR= -3.55;  95%CI= -2.61 to -0.75; p<0.001).Conclusion: The factors that have a significant influence in the case of SEZs are body mass index and gestational age.  
Socio-cultural Factors Influencing the Incidence of Stunting among Children Under Five in the Tengger Tribe, East Java, Indonesia Putri, Annessa Marknalia Sasqia; Demartoto, Argyo; Murti, Bhisma; Novika, Revi Gama Hatta; Cahyanto, Erindra Budi
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.01.01

Abstract

Background: Indications of stunting incidence in toddlers of the Tengger Tribe in East Java, related to socio-cultural practices in daily life that have an impact on health conditions and nutritional fulfillment of toddlers. This study aims to analyze the socio-cultural factors that affect the incidence of stunting in Tengger Tribe toddlers in East Java.Subjects and Method: This study is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The research was conducted at the Lumajang Regency Health, Population Control, and Family Planning Office (P2KB), Senduro District Office, Senduro Health Center, and Ranupani Village. A total of 9 key informants, including the head of nutrition and public health, the head of population and family planning, the head of the Senduro Health Center, nutritionists, village midwives, family planning field officers of Senduro District, the head of the Ranupani Village government, the traditional shaman of the Tengger Tribe, and the baby shaman. A total of 9 mothers of toddlers as the main informants and 9 supporting informants were purposively sampling, including family members, cadres, health care officers, and sanitarians. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model.Results: The study showed limited maternal knowledge about the health conditions and growth of toddlers. Traditional shamans play an important role in social decision-making, while gender equality affects the workload of mothers in economic activities. The parenting and care of toddlers is influenced by the cultural practices of the Tengger Tribe which are still strongly attached to daily life, as well as the environmental conditions of mountain communities who mostly depend on the agricultural sector for their livelihoods. Belief in ancestral spirits influences health decisions, through restrictions on maternal activity and mobility during pregnancy and after childbirth, as well as dietary restrictions that are believed to have adverse effects on pregnancy and toddlers.Conclusion: The incidence of stunting in toddlers of the Tengger Tribe is related to socio-cultural factors which include maternal knowledge, social interaction patterns, toddler parenting patterns, and belief in ancestral spirits in health decision-making.
Stunting Effect of Stimulation with Animation Video on the Development of Stunted Children Sulistyani, Ika Agustina; Kusmiyati, Yuni; Sunartono, Sunartono; Sari, Fatimah
Journal of Maternal and Child Health Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejmch.2026.11.02.02

Abstract

Background: Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children under five as a result of chronic malnutrition so the child is too short for his age which has an impact on child development disorders. The right stimulation will stimulate the toddler's brain. Learning/stimulation media that combines text learning instructions with model illustrations or visualizations in the form of figures will be better than just containing words. This study aimed to determine the effect of animated video stimulation applications on the development of stunted toddlers Subjects and Method:  This type of research is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design. The sample size in this study was 30 people, 15 people in the animation video intervention group and 15 people in the standard method intervention group. The dependent variable was the development of stunted toddlers. The independent variable was animation video application. The data were collected by Functionality and Usability Questionnaire. Data analysis carried out in this research was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the paired t-test. Results: The video group showed an increase in the mean developmental score from 6.80 to 9.20 (Mean difference = 2.40), and this result was statistically significant (p= 0.007). The standard group also demonstrated an increase in the mean score from 7.80 to 8.47 (Mean difference = 0.60), and this result was statistically significant (p<0.001). However, the increase in the mean score was greater in the video group compared to the standard group, suggesting that animated video stimulation had a greater effect on the development of stunted children than the standard method. Conclusion: The application of animated video stimulation has an effect on the development of toddlers who experience stunting.

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