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JPSCR : Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2503331x     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Social,
Environmental Science Public Health
Journal of Pharmaceutical Science And Clinical Research (e-ISSN 2503-331x) offers a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to pharmaceutical science and clinical research. Scientific articles dealing with natural products, pharmaceutical science-industry and clinical research, etc. are particularly welcome. The journal encompasses research articles, original research report, reviews, short communications and scientific commentaries pharmaceutical science and clinical research including: bioactive products, chemotaxonomy, chemistry, ecological biochemistry, metabolism, pharmacy management, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, clinical pharmacy, community pharmacy, pharmaceutical social and pharmaceutical industry.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 105 Documents
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Aktivitas Penghambatan Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) dan Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Buah Api-api (Avicennia marina) Dwi Hadi Setya Palupi; Sri Haryanti; Masitoh Suryaning Prahasiwi; Retno Sari Utomo
JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Vol 10, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jpscr.v10i1.98721

Abstract

Pengobatan farmakologis untuk diabetes didasarkan pada peningkatan ketersediaan insulin dan perbaikan sensitivitas insulin. Saat ini, terapi berbasis glukagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) bertujuan untuk mengendalikan glukosa melalui penghambatan enzim DPP-4. Api-api (Avicennia marina) merupakan mangrove yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia, namun pemanfaatannya sebagai obat oleh masyarakat masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada ekstrak maupun fraksi buah api-api dan menentukan aktivitas penghambatannya terhadap enzim dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi dalam etanol 96%, dilanjutkan fraksinasi dengan metode cair-cair untuk mendapatkan fraksi n-heksan, etil asetat, dan air. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan uji warna dan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Aktivitas penghambatan enzim DPP-IV dilakukan menggunakan metode fluoresensi dengan substrat fluorogenik Gly-Pro-aminomethyl-coumarin (AMC). Rendemen hasil ekstraksi buah api-api (Avicennia marina) sebesar 48,06% sedangkan fraksinasi dari ekstrak menghasilkan fraksi air dengan rendemen terbesar (31,54%). Hasil skrining fitokimia dan KLT memperlihatkan ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etil asetat buah api-api mengandung flavonoid, triterpenoid/steroid, tanin, dan saponin. Fraksi air terdeteksi mengandung flavonoid, tanin, dan terpenoid, sedangkan fraksi n-heksan hanya mengandung flavonoid dan triterpenoid.  Aktivitas penghambatan DPP-4 fraksi n-heksan, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi air dalam nilai IC50 berturut-turut yaitu 5,19; 1,36; dan 2,51 mg/mL. Fraksi etil asetat buah api-api putih memiliki aktivitas penghambatan DPP-4 terbaik, sehingga dapat menjadi sumber antidiabetik alami.
Safety Assessment of Proton-Pump Inhibitors: Study of Cardiovascular Adverse Events Using Global Pharmacovigilance Data Salma Nur Azizah Azzahra; Fita Rahmawati; Agung Endro Nugroho
JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Vol 11, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jpscr.v11i1.107840

Abstract

Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been associated with adverse cardiovascular events, underscoring the need for comprehensive safety evaluation, yet systematic consolidation of data on PPI-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) leading to cardiovascular events remains lacking. This study aims to descriptively analyze cardiovascular events related to PPI use to summarize their safety profile. A quantitative descriptive analysis was performed on cardiovascular ADRs associated with PPIs using global pharmacovigilance data. The top 25 reported cardiovascular ADRs for each PPI were identified from VigiAccess launched by World Health Organization (WHO) global database. We selected the same 20 set potential ADRs using Venny 2.1.0 to enhance the comparability of data and we summarized by frequency and percentage. A total of 15,263 cardiovascular ADR cases were identified. Omeprazole showed the highest reports, mainly palpitations (1,675 cases; 28.5%), cardiac flutter (759 cases; 12.91%), tachycardia (549 cases; 9.34%), and myocardial infarction (498 cases; 8.47%). Pantoprazole reported palpitations (893 cases; 27.43%), tachycardia (332 cases; 10.20%), and cardiac flutter (326 cases; 10.01%), while lansoprazole (1,782 cases; 11.7%) reported palpitations (451 cases; 25.3%), tachycardia (166 cases; 9.3%), and cardiac flutter (153 cases; 8.6%). Esomeprazole was most associated with myocardial infarction (951 cases; 21.88%), palpitations (621 cases; 14.29%), and cardiac failure congestive (380 cases; 8.74%). PPIs are associated with cardiovascular ADRs such as palpitations and myocardial infarction, emphasizing the importance of careful risk assessment during therapy.
Formulation of Calcium-Protein Capsule Supplements for Stunting Toddlers by Utilizing Leftover Milkfish Bones Production Sarah Raisya Nurhaliza; Joseph Fide Anggi; Angel Christella; Aurelina Yunita Hess; Mazaya Salwa Nadhira; Iyan Sopyan
JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Vol 10, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jpscr.v10i1.90769

Abstract

Stunting is a health problem in children due to chronic malnutrition. Stunting is characterized by failure of growth and development in children. If stunting occurs during the Golden Period (age 0-5 years), it can impact the child's brain cells, causing them not to grow optimally. Indonesia has a stunting prevalence of 36% and has not reached the WHO's expected level of below 20%. Milkfish bones (Chanos chanos) are the remaining processed products of the fishing industry that have not been maximally utilized and will generally be disposed of into the environment or reprocessed and used as animal feed. With the presence of calcium and protein in the milkfish's bones, the milkfish's bones can be utilized as capsule supplements to address stunting in toddlers. This research was conducted to determine milkfish bones' calcium and protein content and obtain the most suitable capsule supplement formulation for stunting. This research was carried out through several stages, such as making milkfish bone powder, formulating and making stunting capsule supplements, evaluating the preparation, and analyzing and concluding the research results. The calculation of the consumption capsule supplement dose uses the percentage of calcium and protein content determined by AAS and Kjeldahl, which is then multiplied by the total weight of the capsule. The capsule consumption frequency is determined to fulfill the calcium requirement. The dose analysis and calculation results indicate that toddlers aged 1-3 years can consume two capsules daily, which is equivalent to 264.96 mg calcium and 88.32 mg protein, while toddlers aged 4-8 can consume three capsules daily, which is equivalent to 397.44 mg calcium and 32.48 mg protein. The dosage is determined based on the daily calcium needs of toddlers, which is 700 mg for children aged 1-3 years and 1000 mg for children aged 4-8 years. Therefore, developing milkfish bones with their calcium and protein content into capsule supplements could address toddler stunting.
Review: Characterisation and Dissolution of Low Solubility Active Substances in S-SNEDDS Preparations with Various Manufacturing Methods Rodhia Ulfa; Husnun Khairunnisa’ Pratiwi
JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Vol 10, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jpscr.v10i2.65818

Abstract

SNEDDS is composed of a drug, surfactants, co-surfactants, and oils. Developing and optimising the correct formulation is necessary to minimise time and expense, and ensure the correct formulation. This review aimed to determine the characteristics and solubility of S-SNEDDS preparations made employing various manufacturing methods and the most effective and efficient drying procedures for low-water-soluble active ingredients. The method utilised was a literature study technique, which involved searching for literature in the form of primary data in the form of national and international journals published in the last ten years, starting from 2011 to 2021. The methods of making S-SNEDDS examined were adsorption to the solid carrier, spray drying, and freeze-drying using various dryers. The method of producing S-SNEDDS, adsorption to a solid carrier, possessed better characteristics and dissolution of the drug than the other two methods. The recommended drier was Aerosil 200, which effectively binds moisture and produces powder characteristics that fulfill the requirements. 
Predictors of Blood Pressure Target Achievement in Tolaki and Muna Ethnic Groups Undergoing Candesartan Cilexetil Monotherapy: A Quasi-Experimental Study Mesi Leorita; Zullies Ikawati; Agung Endro Nugroho; Ismail Setyapranoto
JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Vol 10, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jpscr.v10i3.110176

Abstract

Therapy adherence, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle are factors that influence the achievement of blood pressure targets in hypertensive patients. This study aims to compare and examine the impact of therapy adherence, Sociodemographic, ethnicity, and lifestyle on the achievement of blood pressure targets in hypertensive patients of Muna and Tolaki ethnicities undergoing candesartan cilexetil monotherapy. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a comparison group approach. A total of 147 patients were selected via consecutive sampling and categorized by ethnicity: Tolaki (n = 75) and Muna (n = 72). Both groups received a standardized dose of Candesartan Cilexetil (8 mg). The primary outcome was the change in blood pressure from baseline (pretest) to day 30 (posttest). Adherence, monitored via pill count, along with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, was analyzed as a covariate to ensure a robust evaluation of the treatment's clinical impact across both ethnic groups. There was no significant difference in therapy adherence between participants of both ethnicities (p = 0.78). However, Tolaki participants experienced a greater reduction in 30-day systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to Muna participants (p = 0.00). Furthermore, a greater percentage of Tolaki participants achieved blood pressure therapy targets (76%) compared to Muna participants (15.28%) (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that two variables that most significantly influence the attainment of blood pressure objectives are ethnicity (Tolaki ethnicity) (OR 21.44, 95% CI 6.69–53.40, and p=0.00) and a high level of therapy adherence (OR 10.89, 95% CI 2.96–40.07, and p=0.00). Ethnicity and therapy adherence are two important factors that need to be considered in efforts to achieve blood pressure therapy targets in the Tolaki and Muna tribes undergoing candesartan cilexetil monotherapy.
Adverse Drug Reactions, Treatment Adherence, and Treatment Outcomes in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: A Single-center, Cross-sectional Study Nadia Farhanah Syafhan; Galuh Zhafirah Rahmita; Sri Wulandah Fitriani
JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Vol 10, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jpscr.v10i2.87515

Abstract

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DRTB) is a significant global health issue due to its rapid transmission and high morbidity. The variety of medications used in DRTB treatment increases the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which can contribute to patient nonadherence and adversely affect treatment outcomes. This study aimed to describe the occurrence of ADRs, quantify medication adherence rates, and assess treatment outcomes among patients with drugresistant tuberculosis (DRTB). Furthermore, it sought to analyse the associations between ADRs, demographic and clinical variables, medication adherence, and the associations between ADRs and treatment outcomes. Using a cross-sectional design, this study utilized medical records data and the Tuberculosis Information System (SITB) of adult DRTB patients treated at Universitas Indonesia Hospital from April 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023. A total sampling method was employed to select the research participants. Of the 65 patients, 60 (95.24%) experienced ADRs, and the Medication Refill Adherence method indicated an 89.23% adherence rate. Two patients (3.08%) were classified as successful or cured during the data collection period. Chi-square tests revealed no significant relationship between ADRs and medication adherence (p = 0.373) or treatment outcomes (p = 0.120). All demographic and clinical factors (age, gender, comorbidities, treatment combinations, and potential drug interactions) also showed no significant relationships with adherence (p > 0.05). In contrast, treatment combinations showed significant relationships with treatment outcomes (p = 0.013). These findings highlight the importance of medicines optimisation strategies, including proactive ADR management and adherence support, to improve treatment outcomes in DRTB patients.
The Application of Tapak Dara (Catharanthus roseus) Extract Ointment Reducing IL-6 and MMP-1 Production in Photodamaged Rat's Skin Desiani Putri Ramayanti; Agung Putra; Titiek Sumarawati
JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Vol 11, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jpscr.v11i1.92970

Abstract

Tapak dara Catharanthus roseus (L.) Don extract possesses promising properties that could counteract the detrimental effects of UV-B exposure. Its inherent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities suggest its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing UV-B-induced skin damage. This study aims to analyze the effect of tapak dara extract ointment on IL-6 and MMP-1 levels in photodamaged skin. Twenty-five healthy male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a healthy control group (n = 5) and a UVB-exposed group (n = 20). The UVB-exposed rats received 1 MED for 8 minutes per day, for 10 sessions over 14 days. Skin tissue was collected on day 15 to assess skin damage and validate collagen loss using immunohistochemistry. After validation, photodamaged skin rats were divided equally into four experimental groups: placebo (P2), vitamin E (P3), tapak dara extract 10% (P4), and 20% (P5). The rats were sacrificed at the end of the study, and the skin tissues were analyzed for IL-6 and MMP-1 using ELISA. Based on the analysis results, groups P4 and P5 produced average levels of IL-6 and MMP-1 that were significantly lower than those in P2 (p < 0.050). IL-6 and MMP-1 levels in group P5 reached 188.60 ± 40.60 pg/mL and 1,611 ± 344 pg/mL, respectively. This is likely due to the secondary metabolite content of tapak dara, which acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, suggesting it has potential as a photodamaged skin therapy. As many as 20% tapak dara extract cream effectively reduces IL-6 and MMP-1 levels in UV-B-exposed skin tissue. However, this study did not evaluate changes in skin tissue after treatment with tapak dara extract. Therefore, further research is needed to analyze and validate collagen synthesis following treatment with tapak dara extract.
Physical and SPF Value Stability Studies Avocado Oil Nano-emulgel with Carbopol 980 as A Gel Base Ayu Shabrina; Diva Ma'arif Pangestu; Siska Amaliyah; Malinda Prihantini; Junvidya Heroweti; Listyana Dewi Prastiwi
JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Vol 10, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jpscr.v10i1.100041

Abstract

Avocado oil (AVO) is a natural source of many unsaturated fatty acids that can help protect the skin from harmful UV radiation. The high content of unsaturated fatty acids in avocado oil can affect product stability. One way to overcome the stability of avocado oil for topical preparation is by formulating it into a gel base using Carbopol 980. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical stability and SPF value of avocado oil nano-emulgel (NE) with variations of Carbopol 980 as a gel base for 28 days of storage. AVONE was made with 5% AVO and Carbopol 980 base variation of 0.5% (NE1), 1.0% (NE2;), and 1.5% (NE3.) AVONE was stored in a climatic chamber at 30° ± 2°C with RH 65% ± 5%. The samples were tested for physical and SPF values before storage on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using one-way Anova. The AVONE on organoleptic parameters were stable; the resulting colour is broken-white with a distinctive oil aroma and thick and homogeneous texture. The pH value ranged from 6.21 ± 0.02 - 7.21 ± 0.02, with all formulas stable during storage. The viscosity value ranged from 13.28±0.23 - 47.22±0.89 dPa.s; the viscosity of NE3 was stable during storage. Adhesion and spreadability showed good ability to adhere to the skin. The SPF values ranged from 8.95±0.43 – 22.41±0.21, and NE3 was stable during storage. Avocado oil nano-emulgel with Carbopol 980 concentration of 1.5% was stable during storage.
Cost Analysis of Inpatient Heart Failure Treatment in Jogja Hospital Based On INA-CBG's Tariffs In 2023 Ingenida Hadning; Ahadijatul Kubra
JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Vol 10, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jpscr.v10i1.87321

Abstract

Heart failure is a catastrophic disease that requires long-term care, resulting in high costs. This study is the first to evaluate the INA-CBG's tariff based on the Minister of Health Regulation Number 3 of 2023 for treating inpatient heart failure. This study aims to determine the difference in the actual costs of inpatient heart failure treatment in Jogja Hospital with INA-CBG's tariff based on Permenkes Number 3 of 2023. This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional research design and retrospective data collection of medical record data and patient cost data in 2023. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis methods and a one-sample t-test. Data were obtained from 104 patients. The results of this study found that the average real cost for the treatment of inpatient heart failure with code I-4-12-I class 1 is IDR10.302.093 ± Rp5.749.499, class 2 is IDR IDR4.184.959 ± Rp681.730, and class 3 is IDR5.123.572 ± Rp2.242.239. The average real cost for the treatment of inpatient heart failure with code I-4-12-II class 1 is IDR9.764.750 ± Rp5.208.499; class 2 is IDR6.734.834 ± Rp3.82.345, and class 3 is IDR8.549.362 ± Rp4.288.906. The average real cost for treating inpatient heart failure with code I-4-12-III class 1 is IDR6.073.828; class 2 is IDR16.885.496, and class 3 is IDR14.326.130±Rp7.565.598. The average real cost was higher than the INA-CBG's tariff, with a significant difference, so the hospital suffered a loss.
Drug Repurposing for Monkeypox: An Alternative Strategy for Emergency Response Luthfi Harbulcholizi; Jekmal Malau; Ihsan Alfiandri; Iqbal Zulkifli; Ratika Rahmasari
JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Vol 10, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jpscr.v10i3.96215

Abstract

The global monkeypox (MPOX) outbreak, which has resulted in more than 100,000 confirmed cases across over 120 countries, underscores the urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies. MPOX, caused by a virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus, poses significant clinical and public health challenges, particularly in regions with limited healthcare capacity. Although the World Health Organization declared MPOX a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in 2022, no specific antiviral treatment has yet been formally approved. While vaccination remains essential for long-term prevention, its impact is constrained by limited availability and unequal global distribution. Consequently, drug repurposing has emerged as a practical, rapid, and cost-efficient strategy to address immediate therapeutic demands during active outbreaks. This narrative review evaluates key repurposed antiviral agents including tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir were originally developed for other Orthopoxvirus infections. A structured literature search using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar (2014–2024) identified studies providing clinically relevant evidence regarding their therapeutic roles in MPOX. Tecovirimat demonstrated consistent potential to improve viral clearance, shorten symptom duration, and reduce severe manifestations. Brincidofovir exhibited a more favorable safety profile, albeit with limited clinical data, whereas cidofovir showed antiviral activity but remains restricted by its nephrotoxicity. Collectively, current evidence suggests that drug repurposing offers a timely and resource-efficient option for managing MPOX and mitigating disease burden while vaccine accessibility continues to vary globally. When integrated with targeted public health interventions, repurposed drugs may serve as a crucial interim strategy to reduce transmission and enhance outbreak response capacity.

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