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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH
Published by Smart Education
ISSN : 26154307     EISSN : 26153262     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Education, Social,
Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences
Journal of Science and Social Research is accepts research works from academicians in their respective expertise of studies. Journal of Science and Social Research is platform to disclose the research abilities and promote quality and excellence of young researchers and experienced thoughts towards Change for Development. The journal releases on February and July.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 3,645 Documents
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STRATEGI MANAJEMEN TALENTA DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN POTENSI APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA (ASN) DI KAWASAN KOTA TEBING TINGGI Tania Dwinov; Yula Anggi Kristiani; Seprina Ruleta Sitanggang; Tara Bunga Simanungkalit; Wirdayanti Wirdayanti; Tohap M. Sripandi Hutasoit; Aisyah Siregar
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): August 2026 (1)
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i4.6914

Abstract

Abstract: The implementation of talent management strategy has become a primary driver in bureaucratic reform to achieve a transparent and competent digital bureaucracy. The Tebing Tinggi City Government is fully commited to implementing the merit system and talent management to optimize the potential of Civil Servants (ASN). Tis study aims to analyze the talent management strategy in developing ASN potential and identify the supporting factors for its implementation in the Tebing Tinggi City Governtment. This research employs a qualitative approach with a literature review method, utilizing document analysis from various digital scientific databases. The Tebing Tinggi City Government has successfully implemented the merit system and objectively mapped ASN potential to eliminate job positioning subjectivity. Competence mapping was conducted using the BKN Computer Assisted Test (CACT) method, which measures managerial, socio-cultural, and digital literacy skills. The compiled data is digitally synchronized into BKN’s SIMATA application using a 9-box matrix format and integrated with local application such as LEMANK and E-Kinerja. Keyword: Talent Management, ASN Potential.   Abstrak: Implementasi strategi manajemen talenta menjadi salah satu strategi utama dalam pelaksanaan reformasi birokrasi demi mewujudkan tata kelola birokrasi digital yang transparan dan kompeten. Pemerintah Kota Tebing Tinggi berkomitmen menerapkan sistem merit dan manajemen talenta untuk mengoptimalkan potensi Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) di wilayahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi manajemen talenta dalam mengembangkan potensi ASN serta mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung implementasinya di Pemerintah Kota Tebing Tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode tinjauan pustaka (literature review) melalui analisis dokumen ilmiah dari berbagai database digital. Pemerintah Kota Tebing Tinggi berhasil menerapkan sistem merit dan memetakan potensi ASN secara objektif guna menghapus subjektivitas jabatan. Pemetaan kompetensi dilakukan melalui metode Computer Assisted Test (CACT) BKN yang mengukur aspek manajerial, sosio-kultural, serta literasi digital. Data tersebut disinkronisasikan secara digital ke aplikasi SIMATA BKN menggunakan format matriks sembilan kotak (9-box matrix) serta diintegrasikan dengan aplikasi lokal seperti LEMANK dan E-Kinerja. Strategi ini mempermudah BKPSDM dalam merancang program diklat yang terarah dan menyusun kelompok rencana suksesi (talent pool) kepemimpinan. Penerapan manajemen talenta di Pemerintah Kota Tebing Tinggi telah berjalan efektif sejak tahap perencanaan hingga penempatan, serta mendapat apresiasi positif dalam mendukung terciptanya birokrasi yang profesional dan berbasis kompetensi.  Kata kunci: Manajemen Talenta, Potensi ASN.
MODERASI LEADER–LEADER EXCHANGE (LLX) PADA HUBUNGAN ANTARA TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP DAN PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT Surya Dharma; Ririn Handayani; Adolf Bastian; Didik Siswanto
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): August 2026 (1)
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i4.6915

Abstract

Abstract:  Based on the perspective of Social Exchange Theory, this study aims to explore the moderating mechanism of Leader–Leader Exchange (LLX) in the relationship between Transformational Leadership and Psychological Empowerment. Although the relationship between transformational leadership and psychological empowerment has been extensively researched, the role of inter-managerial relationships (LLX) as a moderator within the leadership ecosystem environment still requires deeper empirical examination. This study employs a quantitative research design with hypothesis testing based on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings confirm that transformational leadership is positively associated with psychological empowerment, and high-quality LLX relationships further strengthen the effectiveness of transformational leadership in enhancing subordinates' psychological capacity. This research provides theoretical contributions to the multi-level leadership literature and human resource management. Keyword: Transformational Leadership, Psychological Empowerment, Leader–Leader Exchange (LLX), Social Exchange Theory, PLS-SEM   Abstrak: Berdasarkan perspektif Social Exchange Theory, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi mekanisme moderasi Leader–Leader Exchange (LLX) dalam hubungan antara Transformational Leadership dan Psychological Empowerment. Meskipun hubungan antara kepemimpinan transformasional dan pemberdayaan psikologis telah banyak diteliti, peran hubungan antar manajer (LLX) sebagai pemoderasi lingkungan ekosistem kepemimpinan masih memerlukan pengujian empiris yang lebih mendalam. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengujian hipotesis berbasis regresi terinflasi atau Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM). Hasil penelitian mengonfirmasi bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional berhubungan positif dengan pemberdayaan psikologis, dan keberadaan hubungan LLX yang berkualitas tinggi semakin memperkuat efektivitas kepemimpinan tersebut terhadap penguatan kapasitas psikologis bawahan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoritis bagi literatur kepemimpinan bertingkat (multi-level leadership) dan manajemen sumber daya manusia.  Kata kunci: Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Pemberdayaan Psikologis, Leader–Leader Exchange (LLX), Social Exchange Theory
PENGARUH MODAL USAHA DAN PELATIHAN TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN UMKM BINAAN PT INALUM DI KABUPATEN BATUBARA Rusmewahni Rusmewahni; Basar Immanuel Op. Sunggu; Ade Mulia Karunia
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i1.6921

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of business capital and training on the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) fostered by PT INALUM in Batu Bara Regency. MSME development is one of the important factors in improving the community's economy; therefore, support in the form of business capital and training is needed to enhance business capacity. This study employed a quantitative approach with a causal associative research design. The population consisted of all MSMEs fostered by PT INALUM in Batu Bara Regency, and a total of 32 respondents were selected using the saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and literature studies. The data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25.00. The results of the study indicate that: (1) business capital has a positive and significant effect on MSME development; (2) training also has a positive and significant effect on MSME development; and (3) business capital and training simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on MSME development. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the development of MSMEs fostered by PT INALUM in Batu Bara Regency can be enhanced through the provision of adequate business capital and sustainable training programs. Therefore, PT INALUM needs to continuously optimize its capital assistance and training programs in order to improve the performance and independence of its fostered MSMEs. Keywords: business capital, training, MSME development.   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh modal usaha dan pelatihan terhadap pengembangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) binaan PT INALUM di Kabupaten Batu Bara. Pengembangan UMKM merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat, sehingga diperlukan dukungan modal usaha dan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas usaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain asosiatif kausal. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh UMKM binaan PT INALUM di Kabupaten Batu Bara, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode sampling jenuh sebanyak 32 responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, kuesioner dan studi Pustaka. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode SPSS Statistics 25.00. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Modal usaha berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengembangan UMKM. 2) Pelatihan juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengembangan UMKM. 3) Modal usaha dan pelatihan secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengembangan UMKM. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan pengembangan UMKM binaan PT INALUM di Kabupaten Batu Bara dapat dicapai melalui pemberian modal usaha yang memadai dan pelatihan yang berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, PT INALUM perlu terus mengoptimalkan program bantuan modal dan pelatihan guna meningkatkan kinerja serta kemandirian UMKM binaannya. Kata Kunci: modal usaha, pelatihan, pengembangan UMKM.
ANALISIS YURIDIS KEBIJAKAN PENGHAPUSAN SANKSI ADMINISTRASI PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEPASTIAN HUKUM PROGRAM PEMUTIHAN Muhammad Ilham Fauzi; Zulfikar Judge; Dyah Permata Budi; Annisa Fitria; Tuti Elawati
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): August 2026 (1)
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i4.6923

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing the policy of eliminating administrative sanctions on Motor Vehicle Tax (PKB) through a tax amnesty program and its impact on taxpayer compliance and Regional Original Revenue (PAD) at the West Jakarta Samsat Office. The research applies theories of Administrative Law, particularly the General Principles of Good Governance, as well as public policy theory. A normative legal research method combined with an empirical approach was employed through literature review and interviews with relevant officials. The findings indicate that the policy has a clear legal basis in regulations concerning regional taxes and local government authority in tax administration. Its implementation involves the temporary removal of penalties for late tax payments. Empirical data show that the policy increases motor vehicle tax payments and contributes to higher regional revenue. The study concludes that the policy is effective in improving tax payments and regional revenue in the short term. However, its implementation should be selective and accompanied by strengthened tax administration systems to prevent a decline in taxpayer compliance in the long term. Keyword: motor vehicle tax, tax amnesty, regional original revenue.   Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaturan hukum kebijakan penghapusan sanksi administrasi Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor (PKB) melalui program pemutihan pajak kendaraan bermotor serta dampaknya terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) di Samsat Jakarta Barat. Kajian dilakukan menggunakan teori Hukum Administrasi Negara, khususnya Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik, serta teori kebijakan publik. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan empiris melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan penghapusan sanksi administrasi PKB memiliki dasar hukum yang jelas dalam peraturan mengenai pajak daerah dan kewenangan pemerintah daerah. Implementasinya dilakukan melalui penghapusan denda keterlambatan pembayaran pajak dalam periode tertentu. Secara empiris, kebijakan ini terbukti meningkatkan jumlah pembayaran PKB dan memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan PAD. Meskipun efektif dalam meningkatkan penerimaan daerah dalam jangka pendek, kebijakan ini perlu diterapkan secara selektif dan disertai penguatan sistem administrasi perpajakan guna menjaga kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam jangka panjang. Kata kunci: pajak kendaraan bermotor, pemutihan pajak, pendapatan asli daerah.
IMPLEMENTASI LOGIKA KOMPUTASI DENGAN PARADIGMA PEMROGRAMAN TERSTRUKTUR Diefa Anasya Asyshura; Mhd Rizki Syahputra; Lisa Agustina Nasution; Mhd Raihan Koansa; Mitgever Pandiangan; Ahmad Bukhori
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): August 2026 (1)
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i4.6924

Abstract

Abstract: The rapid advancement of information technology necessitates computer systems that are effective, efficient, and easy to understand. A key factor in the development of such systems is computational logic, which serves as the foundation for systematically formulating problem-solving steps. This study aims to analyze how computational logic can be constructed using the structured programming paradigm. A literature review method was employed, examining various sources regarding the concepts of computational logic and structured programming. The results indicate that the application of fundamental structures—such as sequence, selection, and iteration—enhances code readability and program efficiency while simplifying debugging and maintenance processes. Furthermore, integrating computational logic with structured programming reduces program complexity and results in more organized software. Thus, the combination of these two elements is crucial for producing high-quality programs. Keyword: Computational Logic; Structured Programming; Algorithms; Programming Paradigm   Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang pesat menuntut adanya sistem komputer yang efektif, efisien, dan mudah dipahami. Salah satu faktor utama dalam pengembangan sistem tersebut adalah logika komputasi, yang berperan sebagai dasar dalam menyusun langkah-langkah penyelesaian masalah secara sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana logika komputasi dapat dibangun dengan menggunakan paradigma pemrograman terstruktur. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan mengkaji berbagai sumber terkait konsep logika komputasi dan pemrograman terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan struktur dasar seperti urutan (sequence), percabangan (selection), dan perulangan (iteration) mampu meningkatkan keterbacaan kode, efisiensi program, serta mempermudah proses debugging dan pemeliharaan. Selain itu, integrasi logika komputasi dengan pemrograman terstruktur juga dapat mengurangi kompleksitas program dan menghasilkan perangkat lunak yang lebih terorganisir. Dengan demikian, kombinasi keduanya sangat penting dalam menghasilkan program yang berkualitas tinggi. Kata kunci: Computational Logic; Structured Programming; Algorithms; Programming Paradigma
UPAYA PIHAK SEKOLAH DALAM MENGATASI KESULITAN MEMBACA SISWA DI SMP N 6 PASAMAN Wahyu Nengsih; Harisnawati Harisnawati; Sri Rahayu
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): August 2026 (1)
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i4.6925

Abstract

Abstract: Reading ability is a basic competency that is very important for every student to have because it plays a foundation in understanding learning materials in various subjects. However, in reality, there are still students at the Junior High School (SMP) level who experience reading difficulties which affect their learning process and outcomes. This study aims to describe various efforts made by the school to overcome students' reading difficulties at SMP Negeri 6 Pasaman. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Research informants consisted of the principal, vice principal for student affairs, vice principal for curriculum, homeroom teachers, subject teachers, and students who experienced reading difficulties. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the reading difficulties experienced by students include low ability to understand the content of reading, lack of reading fluency, difficulty reading new vocabulary, pronunciation errors, a tendency to repeat words when reading, difficulty reading texts with close letter spacing, and not being able to write sentences from dictation. To address these issues, the school implemented various strategies, including strengthening coordination and collaboration between school stakeholders, implementing learning strategies and models tailored to student needs, organizing scheduled reading tutoring programs, and developing a culture of literacy through the provision of supporting facilities. These efforts have positively contributed to improving reading skills and fostering students' confidence in participating in learning activities. Keywords: reading difficulties, school, literacy.   Abstrak: Kemampuan membaca merupakan kompetensi dasar yang sangat penting dimiliki oleh setiap peserta didik karena berperan sebagai fondasi dalam memahami materi pembelajaran pada berbagai mata pelajaran. Namun, kenyataannya masih terdapat siswa di tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) yang mengalami kesulitan membaca sehingga memengaruhi proses dan hasil belajar mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan berbagai upaya yang dilakukan pihak sekolah dalam mengatasi kesulitan membaca siswa di SMP Negeri 6 Pasaman. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Informan penelitian terdiri atas kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah bidang kesiswaan, wakil kepala sekolah bidang kurikulum, wali kelas, guru mata pelajaran, serta siswa yang mengalami kesulitan membaca. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan membaca yang dialami siswa meliputi rendahnya kemampuan memahami isi bacaan, kurangnya kelancaran membaca, kesulitan membaca kosakata baru, kesalahan dalam pelafalan, kecenderungan mengulang kata saat membaca, kesulitan membaca teks dengan jarak huruf yang rapat, serta belum mampu menuliskan kalimat hasil dikte. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, pihak sekolah menerapkan berbagai strategi, antara lain memperkuat koordinasi dan kolaborasi antarpihak sekolah, menerapkan strategi serta model pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan siswa, menyelenggarakan program les baca secara terjadwal, dan mengembangkan budaya literasi melalui penyediaan fasilitas pendukung. Berbagai upaya tersebut memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap peningkatan kemampuan membaca sekaligus menumbuhkan rasa percaya diri siswa dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran. Kata kunci: kesulitan membaca, pihak sekolah, literasi
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN (NPM, ROA, ROE) PADA UMKM RUJAK TOGOK DI DELI SERDANG Wanda Pardosi; Teguh Satya Wira
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): August 2026 (1)
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i4.6926

Abstract

Abstract: This study is motivated by the importance of preparing financial statements in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) as a basis for assessing the financial performance of MSMEs. Rujak Togok, an MSME in Deli Serdang Regency, currently employs simple financial record-keeping methods, resulting in suboptimal financial information. This study aims to prepare financial statements based on SAK EMKM, calculate profitability ratios specifically Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE) and analyze the financial performance of Rujak Togok over the 2021–2025 period. A quantitative approach with descriptive research methods was employed. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review, and subsequently analyzed using SAK EMKM-compliant financial statement preparation and profitability ratio analysis. The results indicate that the Net Profit Margin (NPM) increased from 16.03% in 2021 to 16.25% in 2025. Meanwhile, Return on Assets (ROA) declined from 45.90% to 27.03%, and Return on Equity (ROE) fell from 50.19% to 27.51%, driven by asset and equity growth outpacing net profit growth. Overall, the preparation of financial statements in accordance with SAK EMKM and the profitability ratio analysis demonstrate that Rujak Togok’s financial performance is in a reasonably good state, providing a foundation for decision-making and business evaluation. Keyword: SAK EMKM, financial statements, Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, financial performance.   Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya penyusunan laporan keuangan yang sesuai dengan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan untuk Entitas Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (SAK EMKM) sebagai dasar penilaian kinerja keuangan UMKM. Rujak Togok, sebuah UMKM di Kabupaten Deli Serdang, saat ini menerapkan metode pencatatan keuangan yang sederhana, sehingga menghasilkan informasi keuangan yang kurang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun laporan keuangan berdasarkan SAK EMKM, menghitung rasio profitabilitas khususnya  Net Profit Margin  (NPM),  Return on Assets  (ROA), dan  Return on Equity  (ROE) serta menganalisis kinerja keuangan Rujak Togok selama periode 2021–2025. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan prosedur penyusunan laporan keuangan sesuai SAK EMKM dan analisis rasio profitabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  Net Profit Margin  (NPM) meningkat dari 16,03% pada tahun 2021 menjadi 16,25% pada tahun 2025. Sementara itu,  Return on Assets  (ROA) menurun dari 45,90% menjadi 27,03%, dan  Return on Equity  (ROE) turun dari 50,19% menjadi 27,51%, yang disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan aset dan ekuitas yang melampaui pertumbuhan laba bersih. Secara keseluruhan, penyusunan laporan keuangan sesuai SAK EMKM dan analisis rasio profitabilitas menunjukkan bahwa kinerja keuangan Rujak Togok berada dalam kondisi yang cukup baik, serta memberikan landasan bagi pengambilan keputusan dan evaluasi usaha. Kata kunci: SAK EMKM, laporan keuangan, Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, kinerja keuangan.
ANALISIS RISIKO KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) AKIBAT PAPARAN DEBU TEPUNG PADA LINI PROSES MIXING INDUSTRI BISKUIT MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN HIRARC DAN FMEA (STUDI KASUS PT XYZ) Ade Purnama; Abimanyu Abimanyu; Rakay Edhiargo Toyosito
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): August 2026 (1)
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i4.6936

Abstract

Abstract: Flour dust exposure in the mixing process of the biscuit manufacturing industry is a significant occupational hazard that may lead to occupational diseases and workplace accidents if not effectively controlled. This study aims to identify occupational safety and health (OSH) hazards, analyze the level of risk associated with flour dust exposure, prioritize risks using the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method, and develop risk control recommendations for the mixing area at PT X. The study employed a mixed-methods approach with a case study design. Data were collected through field observations, semi-structured interviews, flour dust concentration measurements, documentation, and company document reviews. Risk analysis was conducted using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method, while improvement priorities were determined using the Risk Priority Number (RPN) derived from FMEA. The results revealed that flour bag opening, raw material loading into the mixer, and the mixing process were the primary sources of flour dust exposure with the highest risk levels. HIRARC identified four high-risk activities and three medium-risk activities. FMEA analysis indicated that inadequate ventilation, workers' exposure to flour dust, and non-compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE) use had the highest RPN values, making them the top priorities for risk control. Recommended control measures include optimizing local exhaust ventilation (LEV), improving the effectiveness of the dust collector system, strengthening administrative controls, providing regular OSH training, and increasing compliance with the use of N95 respirators. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for implementing OSH risk management in the food manufacturing industry. Keyword: occupational safety and health, flour dust exposure, HIRARC, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), mixed methods, biscuit manufacturing industry.   Abstrak: Paparan debu tepung pada lini proses mixing industri biskuit merupakan salah satu sumber bahaya yang berpotensi menyebabkan penyakit akibat kerja dan kecelakaan kerja apabila tidak dikendalikan secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3), menganalisis tingkat risiko paparan debu tepung, menentukan prioritas risiko menggunakan metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), serta menyusun rekomendasi pengendalian risiko pada area mixing PT X. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods dengan desain studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara semi-terstruktur, pengukuran konsentrasi debu, dokumentasi, dan telaah dokumen perusahaan. Analisis risiko dilakukan menggunakan metode Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC), sedangkan prioritas perbaikan ditentukan melalui perhitungan Risk Priority Number (RPN) pada metode FMEA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas pembukaan karung tepung, penuangan bahan baku ke dalam mixer, dan proses mixing merupakan sumber paparan debu dengan tingkat risiko tertinggi. HIRARC mengidentifikasi empat aktivitas berisiko tinggi dan tiga aktivitas berisiko sedang. Analisis FMEA menunjukkan bahwa ventilasi yang belum optimal, paparan debu terhadap pekerja, dan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan alat pelindung diri memiliki nilai RPN tertinggi. Rekomendasi pengendalian meliputi optimalisasi local exhaust ventilation (LEV), peningkatan efektivitas dust collector, penguatan pengendalian administratif, pelatihan K3 secara berkala, serta peningkatan kepatuhan penggunaan respirator N95. Temuan ini diharapkan menjadi acuan dalam penerapan manajemen risiko K3 pada industri makanan. Kata kunci: keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, debu tepung, HIRARC, FMEA, mixed methods, industri biskuit.
PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI AKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DI TK AISYIYAH BUSTANUL ATHFAL 2 Agustina Tania; Tatia Ayuningtyas
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): August 2026 (1)
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i4.6939

Abstract

Abstract: This study describes the social-emotional development of early childhood children as revealed through direct classroom observation. A qualitative descriptive design with a non-participant observation technique was applied at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 2 Kindergarten, covering the school-arrival routine, morning exercise, in-class instruction, independent task completion, and outdoor free play. Data were gathered through field notes and photographic records, then processed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Findings indicate that most children displayed favorable social-emotional indicators, including ease of adjusting to the school setting, adherence to simple rules, turn-taking, cooperative behavior, sharing, and confident spontaneous communication with teachers and classmates. A child with special needs who was also observed relied mainly on nonverbal cues—gestures and physical proximity—to express needs and affection, showing that limited verbal communication did not prevent meaningful social engagement. These results imply that ordinary classroom routines, even without deliberate design, function as authentic contexts for social-emotional learning for both typically developing children and children with special needs, underscoring the need for teachers' inclusive sensitivity throughout everyday classroom practice. Keywords: Social-Emotional Development; Early Childhood; Learning; Inclusive Education.   Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengungkap perkembangan sosial emosional anak usia dini yang tergambar melalui observasi langsung di ruang kelas. Rancangan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik observasi nonpartisipan diterapkan di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 2, yang mencakup rutinitas kedatangan, senam pagi, pembelajaran di kelas, penyelesaian tugas mandiri, hingga bermain bebas saat istirahat. Data dihimpun melalui catatan lapangan dan dokumentasi foto, kemudian diolah menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman, yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Temuan memperlihatkan bahwa mayoritas anak menunjukkan indikator sosial emosional yang baik, antara lain kemudahan menyesuaikan diri dengan suasana sekolah, kepatuhan pada aturan sederhana, kemampuan bergantian, perilaku kooperatif, berbagi, serta komunikasi spontan yang percaya diri dengan guru maupun teman sekelas. Seorang anak berkebutuhan khusus yang turut diamati lebih banyak mengandalkan isyarat nonverbal seperti gestur tubuh dan kedekatan fisik untuk menyampaikan kebutuhan dan kasih sayangnya, yang memperlihatkan bahwa keterbatasan komunikasi verbal tidak menghambat keterlibatan sosial yang bermakna. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa rutinitas kelas sehari-hari, sekalipun tidak dirancang secara khusus, berfungsi sebagai konteks autentik bagi pembelajaran sosial emosional baik untuk anak dengan perkembangan tipikal maupun anak berkebutuhan khusus, sehingga menegaskan perlunya kepekaan inklusif guru dalam setiap praktik pembelajaran sehari-hari. Kata kunci: Perkembangan Sosial Emosional; Anak Usia Dini; Pembelajaran; Pendidikan Inklusif.
APLIKASI KLASIFIKASI MENENTUKAN BONUS TAHUNAN SALES MARKETING DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA NAIVE BAYES Kariman; Raissa Amanda Putri
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): August 2026 (1)
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v9i4.6969

Abstract

Abstract: This study applies the Naive Bayes algorithm to classify sales and marketing staff at CV XYZ for the purpose of determining annual bonus eligibility, aiming to provide accurate classification results. The Naive Bayes algorithm was selected due to its ease of implementation, simplicity, speed, and high accuracy. The research utilizes sales and marketing data from CV XYZ for the 2025 period, incorporating variables such as unit sales volume, discipline, number of complaints, total sales value, and professional ethics. The resulting system is web-based, developed using PHP, the Laravel framework, and MySQL for database management. Ultimately, the research delivers a system capable of classifying sales and marketing staff to determine who qualifies for the annual bonus. Keywords: Naïve Bayes Algorithm, Sales and Marketing, Annual Bonus, CV XYZ.   Abstrak: Penerapan naive bayes untuk klasifikasi untuk menentukan bonus tahunan sales marketing di CV. XYZ yang bertujuan memberikan sebuah hasil klasifikasi yang akurat terkait dengan sales marketing yang akan menerima bonus tahunan di CV. XYZ. Salah satu alasan peneliti menggunakan algoritma naive bayes yaitu dikarenakan algortma naive bayes mudah diimplementasikan, sederhana, cepat dan memiliki akurasi yang tinggi. Penelitian yang peneliti lakukan berdasarkan sumber data sales marketing CV. XYZ untuk periode tahun 2025, untuk variabel yang peneliti gunakan yaitu terdiri dari jumlah penjualan unit, kedisiplinan, jumlah komplain, jumlah nominal penjualan, etika. Adapun Sistem yang akan dibangun berbasis web dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP, framework Laravel, dan manajemen basis data MySQL. Adapun hasil dari penelitian yang peneliti lakukan yaitu, menghasilkan sebuah sistem untuk klasifikasi sales marketing yang akan mendapatkan bonus tahunan. Kata kunci: Algoritma Naïve Bayes, Sales Marketing, Bonus Tahunan, CV. XYZ.

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