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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments
Published by Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments Publishing
ISSN : 23389281     EISSN : 26214245     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Chemistry Other
Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments (Indones. J. Nat. Pigm.) is a double-blind international peer-review and open access journal (p-ISSN: 2338-9281, e-ISSN: 2621-4245) covering all aspects of natural pigments including biodiversity of natural pigment resources (isolation and analysis of photosynthetic pigments), pigments for food and healthcare, pigments for energy and pigments for sensors.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 28 Documents
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Carotenoid Analysis of Ripe Banana Flesh and Peel from Three Cultivars of Banana Septiany, Gabriela Johana; Putri, Widya Dwi Rukmi; Panca, Ida Nur; Heriyanto, Heriyanto; Limantara, Leenawaty
Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments Vol 1 No 2 (2019): Agustus 2019
Publisher : Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33479/ijnp.2019.01.2.60

Abstract

Banana peel is a promising source to be utilized in fortification of food products due to the high content of carotenoids (Cars) which are active as provitamin A. Dominant, total and relative concentrations of Cars were determined from fresh flesh and peel in three cultivars of banana obtained from Raja, Ambon Kuning, and Kepok Kuning. To evaluate the difference in Car compositions principal component analysis (PCA) was also performed. Based on chromatographic, spectroscopic, and mass spectrometric analyses, dominant Cars were separated and identified to be lutein, α-carotene and β-carotene. Lutein was the major Car of fresh peel, while other two Cars were found in fresh flesh in addition to lutein. Raja banana had the highest total concentration of Cars among three banana samples used. PCA results generated from the absorption spectra showed three clusters of the different banana samples. PCA results are correlated to their Car compositions and this method might be applicable for the determination of dominant Cars.
Isolation, Encapsulation, Stability and Characteristics of Thylakoid from Suji Leaves (Pleomele angustifolia) as Natural Food Coloring Agent Chandra, Rosita Dwi; Indrawati, Renny; Heriyanto, Heriyanto; Brotosudarmo, Tatas H.P.; Limantara, Leenawaty
Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments Vol 1 No 2 (2019): Agustus 2019
Publisher : Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33479/ijnp.2019.01.2.53

Abstract

Suji (Pleomele angustifolia) is one kind of Indonesian typical plants which can be used as natural green food coloring agent. The susceptibility of natural pigment to external environment forces the protection in order to prolong its shelf life. Encapsulation has been known in the art of food preparation to provide protection for several ingredients including food coloring agent. The objective of this study was to observe the method for isolation and encapsulation of thylakoid, and to investigate the stability and characteristics of thylakoid of suji leaves encapsulated in maltodextrin during dark storage at 30 °C, 45 °C, and 60 °C. The degradation of the encapsulated pigments was identified through chromametric analysis which resulted in the increase of L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) values. In addition, it was also indicated by the decrease of total chlorophyll (TC) which was determined using spectrophotometer. Chromatography analysis confirmed the presence of four major peaks in the fresh encapsulated thylakoid powder and five major peaks in the encapsulated thylakoid powder stored at the highest temperature (60 °C), with Chl a as the dominant pigments in both powder. The vivid green powder was able to preserve its color without any obvious change to an untrained eye up to 60 d of storage at 30 °C, becoming a promising ingredient to replace the synthetic colorants.
OPTIMIZATION OF TOTAL CAROTENOIDS, PHENOLIC CONTENT, AND SENSORY ACCEPTABILITY OF JAVA TEA-BASED FUNCTIONAL DRINK ENRICHED WITH RED FRUITS’ OIL EMULSION Wijaya, Hanny; Natania, Natania; Sonatha, Mei Diana; A'yuni, Qurrata; Caroline, Cindy
Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments Vol 2 No 1 (2020): February 2020
Publisher : Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33479/ijnp.2020.02.1.1

Abstract

Red fruits’ oil contains 12,000 ppm carotenoid compounds and among them β-karoten was found as the major carotenoid compound. However, the application of red fruits’ oil as the food ingredient is rarely investigated due to its low solubility in aqua-phase, phenolic aroma and bitter aftertaste. Therefore , emulsification of red fruits’ oil in water (oil in water, o/w emulsion) using CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) as the emulsifier and stabilizer agent considered as alternative to overcome those limitations. In the present work, the optimum concentration of red fruits’ oil emulsion added into Java tea-based functional drink increased the total carotenoid content, gave red color and might enhanced its antioxidant activity. The optimum formula was performed by Response Surface Methodology approach utilizing Design Expert 10.0.7® (DX10) Trial software whereas the emulsion concentration of red fruits’ oil as the variable factor. Red fruits’ oil emulsion which has been prepared from 20% red fruits’ oil and 1.50% CMC as emulsifier and stabilizer was having total carotenoid content of 72.93±1.33 ppm. The optimum concentration of red fruits’ oil emulsion added to Java-tea based functional drink was 5.86%. The addition of red fruits’ oil emulsion increased the total carotenoid content from 0.37±0.13 ppm to5.28±0.05 ppm. The results showed that red fruits’ oil emulsion could be used as red colorant agent in the functional drink while increasing the total carotenoid content, however, reduced the flavor sensory acceptance in high amount
Simple Photometer Development For Educational Purposes in Natural Pigment Analysis Kurniawan, Jovine M; Adhiwibawa, Marcelinus AS
Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments Vol 2 No 1 (2020): February 2020
Publisher : Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33479/ijnp.2020.02.1.17

Abstract

In this paper we will discuss the making of the simple photometer instrument to measure the absorbance of natural pigment crude extract. To make simple photometer, cuvette holder was printed using 3D Printing Machine, the development of simple photometer instrument also uses some components such as LED light (633 nm) as the light source, Photodiode-TSL250 as a detector and a variable resistor to set the initial intensity of light source. In this development, Arduino Uno was also used as USB data acquisition device to capture the signal from the instrument. The results of sample measurements between simple photometer instrument and UV-Vis 1800 spectrophotometer showed 98% regression coefficient of determination and simple photometer has a LOD and LOQ absorbance at 0.0267 and 0.0344. Simple photometer instrument was able to show similar response as commercial instrument. Through the development of simple photometer, student can easily understand the working principles of a spectrophotometer in natural pigment analysis that difficult to studied in detailed before.
Selection of Maceration Solvent for Natural Pigment Extraction from Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) Purnomo, Tantyo Ardy Bintoro; Kurniawan, Yehezkiel Steven; Kesuma, Ruth Febriana; Yuliati, Leny
Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments Vol 2 No 1 (2020): February 2020
Publisher : Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33479/ijnp.2020.02.1.8

Abstract

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) is rich with red-orange natural pigments, such as β-carotene. In this work, the solvent selection was investigated to extract the β-carotene from the red fruit via a simple maceration technique. Three types of solvents were used in the maceration, which were distilled water, ethanol, and acetone. The obtained extracts were characterized using spectrophotometer ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and spectrofluorometer. The different solvents gave different spectroscopic information, suggesting that the solvent selection influenced the type of the extracted compounds. Among the examined solvents, acetone was found to be the most effective one to extract the β-carotene. The presence of the β-carotene pigment in acetone extract was confirmed by the appearance of the absorption peak at 476 nm on its UV-visible spectrum, while from its FTIR spectrum, the C-H sp3 functional group of β-carotene was found at 2924 and 2854 cm-1. In addition, the emission peak of β-carotene was found at 394 and 561 nm. This study confirmed that acetone performed as a better maceration solvent for β-carotene as compared to the distilled water and ethanol, which would be strongly related to the non-polar property of the acetone.
Intensity Ratio of LH2 Complexes from Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Rhodobacter sphaeroides for Purity Determination Prihastyanti, Monika NU; Kurniawan, Jovine M; Yusuf, Melisa M; Azmi, Sherly S; Ilmi, Mustafavi C; Indarto, Michelle L; Hoetomo, Stefan C; Wijaya, Melina E; Jatiyati, Greta; Brotosudarmo, Tatas H.P.; Heriyanto, Heriyanto
Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments Vol 2 No 1 (2020): February 2020
Publisher : Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33479/ijnp.2020.02.1.13

Abstract

Purification procedures to obtain light-harvesting complexes were performed on two photosynthetic bacteria, i.e. Rhodospseudomonas (Rps.) palustris and Rhodobacter (Rb.) sphaeroides. In this study, purification was initially carried out using series of centrifugation towards the bacteria cell to acquire chromatophore of the bacteria. Application of detergent (lauryldimethylamine oxide, or LDAO) to the chromatophore enabled the extraction of membrane containing photosynthetic apparatus. Further purification involved the application of sucrose density gradient centrifugation and ion exchange chromatography. The purity of collected LH2 complexes can be determined by calculating the ratio of AB850 : Aprotein. The resulting LH2 complexes from both bacteria showed relatively high ratio suggesting the purity of the complexes.
Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Encapsulated Palm Carotenes Using Different Combination of Wall Materials Hong, Khoo Mun; Indrawati, Renny; Brotosudarmo, Tatas HP; Limantara, Leenawaty
Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments Vol 2 No 1 (2020): February 2020
Publisher : Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33479/ijnp.2020.02.1.21

Abstract

Palm oil is known as one of the richest sources of carotenes. Carotenes concentrate could be prepared from crude palm oil and possessing potency to be used as nutraceutical materials. Due to the susceptibility of carotenes against heat, the encapsulation procedure might be applied to provide protections. The present study was aimed to learn the influence of using different combination of wall materials toward the thermal degradation kinetics of palm carotenes. Maltodextrin was used as primary wall material, being combined with various surface-active agents, i.e. Tween-80 (A), Tween-20 (B), and Arabic gum (C). The carotenes concentrate was encapsulated through emulsification steps, and the vivid yellow powder was obtained after freeze drying process. Then, encapsulated palm carotenes were stored in 200C, 350C, and 500C for several days, and the color, carotenes spectrum, as well as water content were monitored periodically. The kinetics of thermal degradation of carotenes were estimated using Arrhenius equation. The results showed that the use of different combination of wall materials exhibited distinct degradation rate. The combination of maltodextrin and Tween-80 gave preferable protection compared to the others, being half-degraded after 51 days in 200C.
Color Characteristics and Stability of Anthocyanin in Fresh Thunbergia erecta Flower Extract Marpaung, Abdullah Muzi; Ramdhani, Rizal Pauzan
Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments Vol 2 No 2 (2020): Agustus 2020
Publisher : Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33479/ijnp.2020.02.02.31

Abstract

The main purpose of the present research was to evaluate the color characteristics of anthocyanin in Thunbergia erecta flower extract at various pH to know its potentiality as a food colorant. The fresh petal was macerated in 0.1 N HCl-Ethanol 96% (1:9) for an hour, filtrated and diluted in a buffer solution pH 1 to 12, then scanned by a spectrophotometer at 400 – 700 nm. The extract was almost colorless at pH 4 to 6 and show extremely low color stability at pH 7 and 8 (the half-life was 6.69 and 16.66 minutes, respectively). In contrast, the extract was very stable at pH 3. There was no significant color decrease after the extract being stored for 14 days at pH 3. An important spectral characteristic of Thunbergia erecta flower extract appeared at pH 7 to 10 by showing all the three colored species of anthocyanin. At pH 8, the red flavylium cation detected as λshoulder at around 537 nm, the purple quinonoidal base as the λpeak at 577 nm and blue anionic quinonoidal base as the λpeak at 614 nm. The unique spectral characteristic promoted the Thunbergia erecta flower as a potential anthocyanin-source to be used in the study of anthocyanin transformation in an aqueous system.
Activity Antioxidant on Pigments of Bacterial Symbionts of Soft Coral From Jepara Sea Masduqi, Ahmad Fuad; Franyoto, Yuvianto Dwi; Kusmita, Lia; Muchlisin, Sakti; Widyananto, Prasetyo Abi; Sulistyani, Sulistyani; Wijayanti, Diah Permata
Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments Vol 2 No 2 (2020): Agustus 2020
Publisher : Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33479/ijnp.2020.02.02.43

Abstract

Soft corals have been known to produce secondary metabolites, some of which may have anticancer, antifouling, antibacterial and antioxidants activity. It has been suggested that natural products from marine invertebrates have striking similarities to metabolites of their association microorganisms. Symbiont bacteria on soft coral can produce bioactive compounds that play an important role in chemical ecology and as a marine natural product. Marine bacteria associated with soft coral collected from Jepara were successfully isolated on medium ZoBell 2216E and screened to synthesize the pigment. This approach has allowed the use of this organism as an environmentally friendly alternative source of new natural pigment. This study found 25 bacterial isolates from 6 types of soft coral. Out of 25 bacterial isolates, only 3 bacterium, positively contains pigments. Four isolates, PCl 1, PS2 1, and PSa 2. Pigments analysis with UV spectrophotometric method showed the wavelength of pigments were in the range 300-600 nm. Genomic DNA was isolated from these colonies and nested PCR of the DNA was performed to amplify the 16S rDNA. Antioxidant activity was tested with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. From the results of molecular identification by 16S rDNA method, it was shown that bacterium PCl 1, PS2 1, and PSa 2 was closely related to Pseudomonas stutzeri, Ponticoccus gilvus, Bacillus marisflavi with 99%, 99and 98% homology value. Antioxidant activity is as follows: PCl 1>PS2 1>PSA 2.
Carotenoid Production by Rhodosporidium paludigenum Using Cassava Starch Hydrolyzed by Bacillus subtilis as Substrate Warjoto, Renna Eliana; Felianti, Felianti; Lay, Bibiana Widiyati
Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments Vol 2 No 2 (2020): Agustus 2020
Publisher : Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33479/ijnp.2020.02.02.36

Abstract

Carotenoids are natural pigments with colors ranging from yellow to red that are beneficial for food, cosmetics, and animal feed industries. These pigments can be found in fruits, vegetables, algae, and microorganisms. Among all microorganisms that have been known to produce carotenoids, Rhodosporidium paludigenum is still poorly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the potential of carotenoid production by R. paludigenum using cassava starch hydrolyzed by Bacillus subtilis as a substrate. The cassava starch for hydrolysis was divided into four concentrations, i.e., 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% w/v. During the hydrolysis period, the amylase enzyme activity produced by B. subtilis was evaluated. The reducing sugar concentration was then examined to determine the optimum medium for carotenoid production. The highest amylase enzyme activity was produced on the second day in all cassava starch concentrations. However, the highest reducing sugar concentration was discovered in the 6% w/v cassava starch concentration. Thus, a batch submerged fermentation for carotenoid production by R. paludigenum was performed using the hydrolysate as the sole substrate. At the end of the fermentation, the total carotenoid was extracted, and the concentration was determined using spectrophotometry. The total yield of xanthophyll over biomass was higher than that of β-carotene. These findings elucidated the potency of cassava starch hydrolysate obtained from the starch hydrolyzed by B. subtilis, for carotenoid production by the red yeast R. paludigenum.

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