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JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25034146     EISSN : 25034154     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
The JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) is a national journal, published three times a year in April, August, and December, containing research articles on Chemistry and Chemistry education.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 255 Documents
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Utilization of Xylanase Enzymes Derived from Cassava in the Eco-Friendly Biobleaching of Pulp Fuadi, Ahmad Muhammad; Az Zahra, Dita Aulia; Farha, Saniya; Kunarfian, Krisna Artur; Dewi, Tiara Nilawati; Susanti, Dwi
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 9, No 1 (2024): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v9i1.84666

Abstract

The demand for paper has been increasing over time, leading to the pulp and paper industry becoming one of the largest contributors to global carbon emissions due to the chlorine-based bleaching process, particularly in Indonesia. An alternative to minimize chlorine usage involves using xylanase enzymes as part of the bleaching sequence. Xylanase can be produced from agricultural waste, including cassava residue, which contains a significant concentration of xylanase, approximately 21.3%. However, it still needs to be utilized in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to explore the production of xylanase enzymes from cassava residue and assess its effectiveness in the biobleaching process of pulp. The research methodology includes the production phase of xylanase enzymes by Aspergillus niger, chelating, bleaching sequence, bleaching, kappa number, and chemical saving assay. In the production of xylanase, the study determined that xylanase exhibits optimal activity under specific conditions, notably at a pH of 6 and a temperature of 60°C. Under these parameters, the enzymatic activity reached a level of 0.4986 U/mg protein. During the bleaching sequence, xylanase was used with doses of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, and 1 L/T pulp at 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, and 70°C for 60 minutes. Following this process, bleaching was conducted at 65°C for 70 minutes, extraction at 80°C for 90 minutes, and a second bleaching phase. Subsequently, a kappa number test was performed, revealing the best kappa value at 60°C with a xylanase dose of 0.5 L/T pulp, reducing from an initial kappa number of 9 to 4.04. Additionally, under these conditions and dosage, xylanase enzymes could save approximately 23.67% in chlorine usage
Use of Placuna placenta Shells as Green Adsorbent for Pb(II) Ions Sequestration from Aqueous Solution Kuncoro, Eko Prasetyo; Matondang, Claudia Deborah Pretty; Hidayat, Muchlis Fajar; Darmokoesoemo, Handoko
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 8, No 3 (2023): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v8i3.77618

Abstract

Heavy metal treatment is crucial to mitigate these elements' adverse environmental impacts. Among various remediation methods, adsorption stands out due to its simplicity and high efficiency. In this context, Placuna placenta shell, a biowaste, has been explored for its potential in treating wastewater contaminated with Pb(II) ions. This research was designed to assess the Placuna placenta shell's proficiency in removing Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The study involved two main components: an adsorption test to evaluate the heavy metal removal capability of the Placuna placenta shel and a comprehensive characterization of the shell-based adsorbent. The adsorption experiments were conducted using a batch system, where variables such as pH levels and contact time were meticulously altered to determine their effect on the adsorption efficiency. Concurrently, the adsorbent underwent thorough characterization through Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The experimental findings indicated that the optimal conditions for maximum Pb(II) ion removal were achieved at a pH of 7 and a contact time of 120 minutes. The FTIR analysis of the adsorbent revealed the presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a finding further substantiated by the XRD analysis results. Additionally, SEM imaging provided visual evidence of metal ion deposition on the aggregates of the adsorbent. The study demonstrated that the Placuna placenta shell exhibits promising qualities as an adsorbent for removing heavy metals from contaminated water sources. This finding highlights the potential of utilizing biowaste in environmental remediation and offers a sustainable approach to addressing heavy metal pollution.
Comparison of Organic Liquid Soap Made from Papaya-Turmeric and Aloe Vera-Piper Betel Juninho, Rahmat; Syamsudin, Irfan Afandi; Handayani, Ismudiati Puri; Rosi, Memoria; Kusumaningrum, Hertiana Bethaningtyas Dyah; Salam, Yusup ABD; Islamiah, Desti Umdatul; Rinaldi, Astrid
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 9, No 1 (2024): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v9i1.84254

Abstract

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the imperative to mitigate pathogen transmission has catalyzed the innovation of soaps imbued with antimicrobial and antibacterial properties. Diverging from conventional reliance on synthetic chemicals, often associated with adverse dermatological reactions, this study explores the formulation of organic liquid soaps. These soaps leverage naturally occurring antibacterial and antimicrobial compounds from readily accessible plants, presenting a viable alternative to commercially available inorganic body washes predominantly manufactured by small to medium-sized enterprises. Specifically, this research harnesses papaya and aloe vera extracts for their antimicrobial attributes, augmented with turmeric and piper betel for enhanced antibacterial efficacy. Despite the recognized potency of turmeric and piper betel, variability in their effectiveness necessitates rigorous validation against the Indonesian National Standards (SNI) to ensure product quality and safety. This includes comprehensive evaluations of pH levels, density, Total Plate Count (TPC), and Mold and Yeast Count (MYC) to certify the soap's inhibitory capacity against bacterial and fungal proliferation. Employing maceration and hot processing techniques, the formulated papaya-based soap adhered to SNI 4085:2017 criteria for pH and MYC, although initially failing the TPC test. Subsequent incorporation of turmeric extract facilitated compliance with all SNI benchmarks. Conversely, aloe vera formulations only satisfied pH requirements under the SNI, even after adding piper betel. However, substituting piper betel with turmeric extract enabled the aloe vera soap to fulfill the requisite SNI parameters. These findings underscore turmeric extract's superior antibacterial properties, positioning it as a pivotal component in papaya and aloe vera soap formulations. Contrary to prevalent assumptions regarding piper betel's antimicrobial and antibacterial effectiveness, our investigation substantiates turmeric's superior role in bacterial growth inhibition within organic soap matrices.
Optimization of Nitration of 3-Hydroxypyrazine-2-Carboxamide to 3-Hydroxy-6-Nitropyrazine-2-Carboxamide Setyowati, Widiastuti Agustina Eko; Ihsanawati, Ihsanawati; Alni, Anita
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 8, No 3 (2023): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v8i3.81987

Abstract

This study focuses on optimizing the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-6-nitropyrazine-2-carboxamide, a critical intermediate in producing various pyrazine-based pharmaceuticals. The compound is synthesized through the nitration of 3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide, employing sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) as reagents. The research aimed to refine the synthesis process to enhance yield purity for pharmaceutical applications. The optimization entailed adjusting the reagents' composition and solvents, specifically the ratio of substrate to KNO3, the volume of H2SO4 used per gram of substrate, and the temperatures for both the reaction and product precipitation. Optimal results were observed at a substrate-to-KNO3 ratio of 1:2, with 12 mL of H2SO4 per gram of substrate. The reaction temperature was set at 50°, and precipitation occurred effectively at 0°C. This optimized method significantly improved the yield and purity of the compound. The process demonstrated excellent repeatability, with yields ranging from 77% to 80%, a considerable increase from the 48% yield reported in previous studies. The molecular structure of the synthesized compound was confirmed through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and High-Resolution Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (HRESI-TOF-MS). This research represents a significant advancement in synthesizing 3-hydroxy-6-nitropyrazine-2-carboxamide, offering a more efficient and reliable method for producing this key pharmaceutical intermediate. The improved synthesis process ensures higher yields and maintains the purity required for pharmaceutical applications, thereby contributing to the efficient development of pyrazine-based drug compounds.
Synthesis of Polystyrene Fiber Membranes Prepared by Electrospinning: Effect of AgNO3 on the Microstructure Budi, Hanifah Setyaning; Zulfi, Akmal; Setyaningsih, Lia Dwi; Fahroji, Muhammad; Amalia, Ratih; Angel, Julia; Arrosyid, Bagas Haqi; Handika, Gugus; Saputro, Kurniawan Eko; Noviyanto, Alfian; Rezeki, Yulianto Agung
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 9, No 1 (2024): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v9i1.84601

Abstract

Polystyrene (PS) is commonly employed in insulation, packaging, filters, and medical equipment, with recent studies exploring its potential in fiber membrane production. The electrospinning technique is discussed to synthesize PS fiber membranes with high porosity and controllable diameter. Additionally, incorporating silver nitrate into PS composite fibers is explored for enhanced functionalities such as catalytic activity, high electrical conductivity, and antibacterial activity. However, PS composite fiber membranes with silver nitrate (AgNO3) metal variations are rarely observed. This research aims to modify the microstructure of PS fiber membranes produced using electrospinning by adding silver nitrate (AgNO3) with varying concentrations. PS-Ag fiber membranes are produced using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent, which serves as a solvent and a reducing agent for Ag. The results show that the effect of Ag affected the diameter of the PS-Ag fiber membrane, with an average diameter of around 3.67 - 6.93 micrometers. Degradation occurred in these samples at a strong broadening peak near ~1300 cm-1 until ~1600 cm-1 from the Raman results. The FTIR results show that the wavelength of ~3500 cm-1 indicated the presence of OH. The presence of OH indicates that the PS-Ag fiber membrane has the potential for water filtration application
Biosynthesis of Poly Acrylic Acid (PAA) Modified Silver Nanoparticles, Using Basil Leaf Extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) for Heavy Metal Detection Pratiwi, Yussi; Yusmaniar, Yusmaniar; Nurhasanah, Nurhasanah
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 8, No 3 (2023): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v8i3.78641

Abstract

This study focused on characterizing synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and evaluating their efficacy as colorimetric detectors for heavy metal ions. The synthesis employed a bottom-up approach, using AgNO3 as a precursor, reduced by secondary metabolites in basil leaf extract, enhanced with Polyacrylic acid (PAA). Basil leaves were chosen for their rich content of secondary metabolites like phytosterols, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, lignin, starch, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones, crucial in reducing silver ions. Incorporating basil leaf extract as a bioreactor and adding PAA to increase stability and selectivity towards metal ions are innovative aspects of this research. The optimal AgNP composition was attained with a 0.7 mL basil leaf extract to 10 mL AgNO3 ratio plus 2% PAA. The AgNP formation was indicated by a color change from yellow to brownish, with a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak at 418 nm. Characterization via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups aiding in silver ion reduction. Particle Size Analysis (PSA) showed AgNPs of 72.3 nm size, with a polydispersity index of 0.504. Colorimetric detection tests were conducted on Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) ions. AgNPs exhibited high reactivity towards Cu2+, changing color from brownish to clear white within a minute upon Cu2+ addition, unlike Cd2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+, which showed negligible changes. This indicates a heightened sensitivity of AgNPs to Cu2+ ions. Such a colorimetric sensor could be instrumental in detecting heavy metals in drinking water, showcasing the potential application of AgNPs in environmental monitoring.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extract Characterization for Corrosion Inhibitor using Microwave-Assisted Extraction Paramitha, Tifa; Luviana, Angely; Putri, Angelina; Reynaldi, Randi; Azzahra, Rafila Chika; Paramitha, Tika; Sihombing, Rony Pasonang
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 9, No 1 (2024): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v9i1.79249

Abstract

Metallic corrosion, the deterioration process induced by the interaction between metals and corrosive environments, poses a significant challenge to material integrity and longevity. Corrosion inhibitors have been identified as an effective approach among various mitigation strategies. Natural extracts, such as those derived from turmeric/Curcuma longa, have garnered attention for their potential as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. This study endeavors to extract, characterize, and evaluate turmeric extract's efficacy as a corrosion inhibitor within a 30% acetic acid solution. Employing microwave-assisted extraction with a 96% ethanol solvent facilitated the isolation of the extract, which was subsequently subjected to qualitative analysis through phytochemical screenings and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). These analyses confirmed the presence of antioxidative phytochemicals, including alkaloids, terpenoids, turmeronoids, curcumin, sesquiterpenoids, and phenols. The corrosion inhibitory properties of turmeric extract were assessed via immersion and flow loop experiments, revealing a notable reduction in corrosion rates—from 0.1540 mm/year to 0.0801 mm/year in immersion tests and from 5.3747 mm/year to 2.9369 mm/year in flow loop tests. Such outcomes underscore turmeric extract's potential as a viable corrosion inhibitor, attributed primarily to the chemical interactions facilitated by curcumin's phenolic and carbonyl groups with the metal surface, thereby enhancing protective efficacy. The inhibitor efficiency was quantified at 47.9743% and 45.3565% for immersion and flow loop tests, highlighting the extract's substantial inhibitory performance.
The Effect of a Culturally Responsive Teaching Approach Integrated with Comics with the Think Talk Write Learning Model on Students’ Learning Activities and Achievement in Basic Law of Chemistry Topics Khoirunnisa, Afifah; Mulyani, Bakti; Susanti Vh, Elfi; Yamtinah, Sri; Masykuri, Mohammad; Ulfa, Maria; Shidiq, Ari Syahidul
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 8, No 3 (2023): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v8i3.80152

Abstract

This study examines the impact of integrating the Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach with comic-based learning and the Think Talk Write (TTW) model on student learning activities and achievements in fundamental chemistry. Focusing on chemical reactions (combustion, rusting, fermentation, etc.) and laws (Dalton’s, Proust’s, Gay-Lussac’s, etc.), the research adopts a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design in a quasi-experimental setting with 36 students divided equally between control and experimental groups. Comparative analysis shows that the experimental group outperforms the control group in learning activities and achievements. The experimental group, subjected to the CRT and TTW model, demonstrates significantly higher engagement in learning activities. The N-Gain Score test reveals a notable increase in learning effectiveness—56.40% for the experimental group versus 29.69% for the control group, indicating the latter's relative ineffectiveness. In learning achievement, the experimental group exhibits a considerable improvement of 67.20%, while the control group shows a moderate gain of 50.12%. The results of the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) test, with the positive effect of integrating CRT with comics and the TTW model on student learning activities and achievements. The study highlights the efficacy of this approach in enhancing students' understanding and engagement in chemistry, suggesting a promising direction for future educational practices.
Particle Size Modification of Breadfruit Starch (Artocarpus altilis) into Nanoparticle Size Through Top Down Technique using Acid Hydrolysis Nasution, Asri Alfiyah Ningsih; Zuhra, Cut Fatimah; Tarigan, Juliati Br.
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 9, No 1 (2024): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v9i1.85602

Abstract

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a significant starch source, comprising up to 70.25% of its composition, and holds extensive industrial applications. However, the physicochemical properties of natural starch pose several challenges to its direct use as an industrial raw material. These challenges include high viscosity, substantial swelling power, low solubility, significant retrogradation, limited digestibility, and poor thermal stability. To address these issues, modification of the starch particle size to the nanometer scale is proposed, which is anticipated to enhance both functional and physicochemical properties. This study employs a top-down approach through 2.2 N HCl acid hydrolysis at 38°C for 24 hours. This method offers simplicity, efficiency for scale-up in industrial applications, and relatively higher stability than alternative approaches. Particle size analysis using Particle Size Analysis (PSA) revealed an average particle size of 215 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed characteristic bands similar to natural starch, with slight variations in peak intensity, indicating successful acid hydrolysis and structural disruption of the molecular order. Morphological analysis revealed minimal changes in the granules' surface structure, with clumping observed due to acid hydrolysis. The resultant starch nanoparticles exhibited decreased viscosity and swelling while solubility was enhanced. Therefore, nanoparticle starch holds promising applications in food and non-food industries.
Beach Sand-derived Mesoporous Silica by Hydrothermal Process for Hydrocracking Waste Coconut Oil to Biofuel Salamah, Siti; Hanum, Farrah Fadhillah; Trisunaryati, Wega; Kartini, Indriana; Purwono, Suryo
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 8, No 3 (2023): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v8i3.76598

Abstract

Hydrocracking, a key process for converting waste coconut oil into biofuel, requires efficient catalysts. This study investigates the synthesis of mesoporous silica catalysts using a hydrothermal process. Dodecyl amine, sourced from beach sand, serves as a template. The hydrothermal synthesis involved durations (12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 hours) and dodecyl amine concentrations (0.25 M, 0.5 M, 0.1 M), conducted at 40 °C for 30 minutes. The synthesized catalysts were then characterized for their surface area, pore volume, and diameter. Among the synthesized samples, those treated for 15 hours displayed optimal total acidity at 0.88 mmol/g. The catalysts synthesized with a dodecyl amine concentration of 0.025 M exhibited superior characteristics, including a specific surface area of 233 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.47 cc/g, and an average pore diameter of 2.10 nm. These findings underscore the efficacy of mesoporous silica catalysts in hydrocracking, particularly in converting large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more valuable biofuel molecules. Comparative analysis with similar research highlights the significance of these findings in the field of sustainable energy. The optimal catalyst conditions yielded a liquid fraction of over 70% for 0.25 M dodecyl amine. This efficiency in converting waste coconut oil into biofuel signifies the potential of mesoporous silica catalysts in advancing environmentally friendly energy sources. This research contributes to the growing knowledge of renewable energy, offering promising avenues for developing sustainable and eco-friendly energy solutions.

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