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All Journal Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA Walisongo Journal of Chemistry JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Bivalen: Chemical Studies Journal Carmin: Journal of Community Service Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia
Setyowati, Widiastuti Agustina Eko
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Education Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Social Sciences

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Optimization of Nitration of 3-Hydroxypyrazine-2-Carboxamide to 3-Hydroxy-6-Nitropyrazine-2-Carboxamide Setyowati, Widiastuti Agustina Eko; Ihsanawati, Ihsanawati; Alni, Anita
JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Vol 8, No 3 (2023): JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jkpk.v8i3.81987

Abstract

This study focuses on optimizing the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-6-nitropyrazine-2-carboxamide, a critical intermediate in producing various pyrazine-based pharmaceuticals. The compound is synthesized through the nitration of 3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide, employing sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) as reagents. The research aimed to refine the synthesis process to enhance yield purity for pharmaceutical applications. The optimization entailed adjusting the reagents' composition and solvents, specifically the ratio of substrate to KNO3, the volume of H2SO4 used per gram of substrate, and the temperatures for both the reaction and product precipitation. Optimal results were observed at a substrate-to-KNO3 ratio of 1:2, with 12 mL of H2SO4 per gram of substrate. The reaction temperature was set at 50°, and precipitation occurred effectively at 0°C. This optimized method significantly improved the yield and purity of the compound. The process demonstrated excellent repeatability, with yields ranging from 77% to 80%, a considerable increase from the 48% yield reported in previous studies. The molecular structure of the synthesized compound was confirmed through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and High-Resolution Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (HRESI-TOF-MS). This research represents a significant advancement in synthesizing 3-hydroxy-6-nitropyrazine-2-carboxamide, offering a more efficient and reliable method for producing this key pharmaceutical intermediate. The improved synthesis process ensures higher yields and maintains the purity required for pharmaceutical applications, thereby contributing to the efficient development of pyrazine-based drug compounds.
Lokakarya Pengembangan Subject Spesific Pedagogy (SSP) Berbasis STEAM (Science Technology Engineering Art and Mathematics) bagi Guru Kimia SMA Setyowati, Widiastuti Agustina Eko; Van Hayus, Elfi Susanti; Mulyani, Sri; Ariani, Sri Retno Dwi; Utomo, Suryadi Budi; Wathon, Muhammad Hizbul
Carmin: Journal of Community Service Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Borneo Research and Education Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59329/carmin.v5i1.146

Abstract

Telah dilaksanakan Lokakarya Pengembangan Subject Specific Pedagogy (SSP) berbasis Science Technology Engineering Art and Mathematics (STEAM) bagi Guru Kimia SMA. Berdasarkan diskusi antara tim Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) Kelompok Riset Bahan Alam, Rekayasa Molekuler, dan Pembelajaran Kimia dengan Ketua MGMP Kimia Surakarta, salah satu permasalahan guru kimia di Surakarta adalah sebagian besar guru kimia masih jarang mengintegrasikan unsur STEAM dalam pembelajaran, khususnya integrasi STEAM dengan SSP. Tujuan dari lokakarya ini adalah untuk memberikan keterampilan kepada peserta dalam mengembangkan instrumen kontekstual yang relevan. Lokakarya ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan profesionalisme dan pemenuhan Rencana Hasil Kerja Guru dalam Platform Merdeka Mengajar (RHK PMM). PkM dilaksanakan dengan metode Asset Based Community Development (ABCD), terdiri atas Discovery (menemukan), Dream (impian), Design (prosedur), Define (pemantapan tujuan), dan Destiny (self determination) yang secara umum dilaksanakan dalam 3 tahap kegiatan, yaitu: 1) persiapan, 2) pelaksanaan, dan 3) evaluasi. Lokakarya yang diselenggarakan berhasil meningkatkan profesionalisme guru kimia dalam kurikulum Merdeka. Melalui pretest dan posttest yang diberikan, terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peserta terkait materi SSP berbasis STEAM sebesar 19,86 % dengan N-gain sebesar 0,585 (sedang). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegaiatan lokakarya yang dilaksanakan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan penguasaan materi SSP berbasis STEAM dengan kategori sedang. Meningkatnya jumlah jawaban benar pada posttest menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan lokakarya berjalan dengan baik sehingga memberikan dampak positif bagi guru dalam hal pemahaman dan cara penerapan STEAM dalam pembelajaran, khususnya dalam hal pengembangan SSP. Selain itu kegiatan lokakarya ini mampu menghasilkan output berupa SSP berbasis STEAM yang berkualitas.
Eco-friendly Sunscreen: Aloe vera and Garlic-Shallot Peel Extract Formulation for Enhanced SPF Mulyani, Sri; Nugrahani, Arumsasi Putri; Majid, Karima; Susanti VH1, Elfi; Ariani, Sri Retno Dwi; Utomo, Suryadi Budi; Wathon, Muhammad Hizbul; Setyowati, Widiastuti Agustina Eko
Molekul Vol 20 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2025.20.2.13677

Abstract

ABSTRACT. In the past 5 years, research has reported that chemical sunscreen products pose risks of irritation and environmental impact, necessitating safer natural alternatives, such as eco-friendly sunscreen. This study aimed to formulate a natural sunscreen by combining Aloe vera gel with garlic-shallot peel waste extracts and evaluate their solar protection factor (SPF), physical stability, overall quality, and organoleptic-hedonic test. The Aloe vera and extracts of garlic and shallot peels were prepared using modified infusion and solvent extraction techniques. The sunscreen formulas were created in nine variations with different concentrations of natural ingredient combinations. SPF values were determined in vitro using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, and the physical stabilities were tested using the cycling method. Overall quality tests were performed using the method as described in the standard and requirements for sunscreen products in Indonesia (SNI 16-4399-1996), and the procedure for determining the organoleptic-hedonic test referred to the organoleptic and/or sensory testing instructions (SNI 01-2346-2006). The results showed that all nine formulations met most of the quality standards of sunscreen. However, the panelist preferred formulas without garlic and shallot extracts due to the prominent odor of garlic and shallot. Further studies will be performed by combining them with fragrances that panelists prefer to cover the deficiencies in unpreferred odors. Formulas with garlic and shallot peel extracts have ultra-protection SPF values, though their effectiveness decreased with increased Aloe vera concentrations. These results indicate that garlic and shallot peel waste have the potential as sustainable, environmentally friendly sunscreen ingredients with high UV protection capabilities. Keywords: Aloe vera, garlic peel, shallot peel, SPF, sunscreen
Optimization of Chitosan-Based Edible Film with the Addition of Velvet Bean Aqueous Extract and Cinnamon Essential Oil for Antibacterial Packaging Ariani, Sri Retno Dwi; Sholihah, Khoirur Rohmaniatush; Susilowati, Endang; Setyowati, Widiastuti Agustina Eko; Munifah, Ifah; Rohmatun, Tyas Dwi; Safitri, Nadia Indri
Molekul Vol 20 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2025.20.1.13671

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The current global warming issue has encouraged a lot of research on edible films. The use of edible films has become an international trend and is now essential for our products to compete in the global market. Bioactive compounds from plants can be incorporated into edible films to enhance their biological activity, including their antibacterial properties. This study developed a chitosan-based edible film with the addition of velvet bean aqueous extract (VAE) and cinnamon essential oil (CEO), aiming for high antibacterial activity. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify the chemical components of CEO, test its antibacterial activity, find the most optimum formulation of a chitosan-based edible film with VAE and CEO in terms of antibacterial activity (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923), and analyze the physical and morphological properties of the resulting edible film. The research methods included a literature review and laboratory experiments, with procedures involving the isolation and GC-MS-based identification of CEO chemical components, antibacterial activity testing of CEO, optimization of a chitosan-based edible film formulation with the addition of VAE and CEO based on antibacterial activity test against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (well diffusion method), and characterization of the best film’s physical properties (thickness, tensile strength, elongation, solubility, WVP, and WVTR) and morphological analysis (SEM method). The results of this study were as follows: (a) CEO contained cinnamaldehyde (52.86%) and 2- methoxycinnamaldehyde (47.06%); (b) CEO had very strong antibacterial activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923, with inhibition zones of 46.28 mm and 47.95 mm, respectively; (c) the most optimal edible film formulation consisted of chitosan with 30.0% VAE and 4.0% CEO, yielding strong antibacterial activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 (15.50 mm inhibition) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (16.71 mm inhibition), with a thickness of 0.15 mm, tensile strength of 0.32 Mpa, elongation of 0.32%, solubility of 4.89%, WVP of 8.82 g/m2.h), and WVTR of 3.92 g/m.h. Morphological analysis of the edible film showed a relatively flat and smooth surface with minor cracks in some areas. Keywords: antibacterial packaging, chitosan, cinnamon essential oil, edible film, velvet bean aqueous extract
Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daging buah rambutan hitam (Nephelium ramboutan-ake) dengan metode DPPH, ABTS dan FRAP: Antioxidant activity of rambutan hitam (Nephelium ramboutan-ake) flesh ethanol extract utilizing DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods Febrina, Lizma; Rusli, Rolan; Samsul, Erwin; Rusman, Arman; Setyowati, Widiastuti Agustina Eko
Bivalen: Chemical Studies Journal Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Bachelor Degree Program of Chemical Education - Mulawarman University | Program Studi S-1 Pendidikan Kimia - Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/bcsj.v8i1.4839

Abstract

Rambutan hitam atau maritam (Nephelium ramboutan-ake) merupakan tumbuhan tropis khas Kalimantan Timur. Tumbuhan ini tumbuh liar dihutan-hutan Kalimantan. Secara empiris, masyarakat setempat menggunakan buah rambutan hitam untuk pengobatan kanker. Namun demikian, penelitian ilmiah mengenai rambutan hitam masih sangat terbatas. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan dari buah rambutan hitam dengan menggunakan metode DPPH, ABTS, dan FRAP. Analisis aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan secara kolorimetri menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang tertentu. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daging buah rambutan hitam memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan kategori kuat baik dianalisis menggunakan metode DPPH (IC50 = 32,51 ± 0,21 mg/L), ABTS (IC50 = 30,04 ± 0,31 mg/L), dan FRAP (EC50 = 34,22 ± 0,17 mg/L). Aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat dari rambutan hitam menggambarkan potensi yang besar dari rambutan hitam dalam mengurangi dampak negatif radikal bebas. Adapun aktivitas antioksidan buah rambutan hitam dilaporkan pertama kali pada tulisan ini.
Effectiveness of Discovery Learning Assisted by Chemical Monopoly on Critical Thinking and Learning Outcomes Martanisa, Mutiah; Hastuti, Budi; Setyowati, Widiastuti Agustina Eko; Kamari, Azlan
Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA Vol. 11 No. 2: October 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jipi.v11i2.84674

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the discovery learning model using chemistry monopoly media on the critical thinking skills and learning outcomes of 11th-grade students. This research employs a quantitative descriptive approach with a quasi-experimental design and a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design, utilizing instruments in the form of tests and an observation guide. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. Both the experimental class and the control class have 35 students. This study collected data through tests (pretest and posttest). Data analysis was conducted using normality and homogeneity tests, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test (since the data are not normally distributed), and the N-Gain test for assessing learning effectiveness. The research results indicate that the experimental class achieved a 58.79% increase in learning outcomes, whereas the control class experienced a 36.51% increase. In terms of critical thinking ability, the experimental class showed an improvement of 56.00%, while the control class improved by 37.18%. The Mann-Whitney U hypothesis test revealed the significance of cognitive learning outcomes to be 0.041 and the significance of critical thinking ability to be 0.019. Thus, the implementation of discovery learning affects students' critical thinking skills and learning outcomes in the context of acid-base chemistry
ENHANCED BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM RICE STRAW THROUGH NAOH PRETREATMENT AND MOLASSES CO-SUBSTRATE ADDITION Setyowati, Widiastuti Agustina Eko; Ningtyas, Arin Ika; Zai, Fila Delfia; Mulyani, Sri; VH, Elfi Susanti; Ariani, Sri Retno Dwi; Utomo, Suryadi Budi; Wathon, Muhammad Hizbul
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v8i2.28200

Abstract

  This study investigates the effects of rice straw pretreatment using sodium hydroxide and the addition of molasses as a co-substrate on biogas production through anaerobic fermentation. The pretreatment process involved immersing rice straw in sodium hydroxide solutions at three different concentrations for twenty-four hours, while molasses was added at varying levels to evaluate its effect on the fermentation process. Compositional changes in the lignocellulosic biomass were analyzed using the Chesson–Datta method, which revealed significant alterations in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents. The lowest sodium hydroxide concentration produced moderate delignification while retaining a relatively high cellulose content, indicating its potential as the optimal pretreatment condition. Molasses addition consistently increased biogas production as dosage levels rose, with the highest yield observed at the maximum molasses concentration. The combined application of the lowest sodium hydroxide concentration and the highest molasses level resulted in the maximum biogas yield, demonstrating improved substrate biodegradability and fermentation efficiency. These findings highlight the practical potential of integrating NaOH pretreatment with molasses co-substrate addition to enhance the conversion efficiency of lignocellulosic agricultural waste into renewable energy through anaerobic fermentation.
Co-Authors Anita Alni, Anita Budi Hastuti Elfi Susanti V. H. Elfi Susanti Van Hayus Endang Susilowati Erwin Samsul Febrina, Lizma Ifah Munifah IHSANAWATI IHSANAWATI Kamari, Azlan Majid, Karima Martanisa, Mutiah Ningtyas, Arin Ika Nugrahani, Arumsasi Putri Rohmatun, Tyas Dwi Rolan Rusli Rusman, Arman Safitri, Nadia Indri Sholihah, Khoirur Rohmaniatush Sri Mulyani Sri Retno Dwi Ariani Suryadi Budi Utomo Susanti VH1, Elfi Wathon, Muhammad Hizbul Zai, Fila Delfia