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Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University Jalan Veteran (Kampus Sumbersari) Malang 65145 Tel. (0341) 569117ext 156, 173 ; Fax. (0341) 564755 Website : http://www.pji.ub.ac.id Email :pji@ub.ac.id
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INDONESIA
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 2461114X     EISSN : 2461114X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia (PJI) is an online journal which is published twice a year by Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University. The articles published in PJI cover the themes of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Technology, and Natural Product Pharmacy/Chemistry.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 155 Documents
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Evaluasi Biaya Pengobatan Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Rawat Jalan dengan Terapi Insulin di RSUP X di Jakarta Periode Januari 2016-Desember 2017 Anggriani, Yusi
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

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Abstract

Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT 2) merupakan suatu penyakit kronik metabolik yang salah satu terapinya adalah dengan menggunakan insulin. Setiap jenis insulin tentu memiliki besaran biaya dan efektivitasnya masing-masing. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui proporsi biaya insulin terhadap total biaya pengobatan, proporsi biaya insulin terhadap biaya obat total, dan kesesuaian tarif pengobatan dengan paket Indonesian Case Based Group (INA-CBGs) pada pasien DMT 2 rawat jalan di RSUP X di Jakarta. Penelitian merupakan observasional deskriptif dengan seri waktu (longitudinal time series) dengan pengamatan pada Januari 2016-Desember 2017 di RSUP X di Jakarta. Data rekam medik yang diperoleh dari Instalasi Rekam Medik dan Pusat Data Informasi (IRMPDI), dan rincian biaya pengobatan (dokumen/kuitansi) yang diperoleh dari bagian keuangan RSUP X di Jakarta. Sampel penelitian pasien DMT 2 rawat jalan pengguna insulin yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa biaya laboratorium mengambil proporsi biaya paling besar pda pengobatan tujuh hari (paket INA-CBGs). Sedangkan pada total pengobatan 30 hari proporsi biaya obat dan insulin menjadi komponen biaya terbesar. Biaya insulin terhadap total biaya pengobatan selama 30 hari mencapai 61%, sedangkan proporsi biaya insulin terhadap biaya obat total mencapai 88%. Kesesuaian biaya riil rumah sakit dengan tariff klaim INA-CBGs masih rendah. Pada tahun 2017, terdapat periode rumah sakit mengalami kekurangan tarif untuk pelayanan pengobatan DMT 2 paket tujuh hari. Secara keseluruhan selama periode dua tahun proporsi biaya riil dibanding dengan biaya paket Ina-CBGs sebesar 91%.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Side Effects Rizal Rizal
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2021.006.02.1

Abstract

Aim: WHO projects that diabetes will be the seventh leading cause of death in 2030. One of the macrovascular of diabetes is cardiovascular (CV) diseases, reported incidence of heart failure in diabetic patients is twice greater than control subjects and intensive use of antidiabetic drugs in diabetic patients increase CV mortality. This review will discusses the effect of DPP4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) on CV outcomes.Data sources: PubMed 32 journals, Google Scholar 17 journals, BioMed Central 5 journals and others 1 journalMethod: A systemic search of all English-language articles up to 2020 was conducted using the following terms: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, gemigliptin, anagliptin, teneligliptin, alogliptin, trelagliptin, omarigliptin, cardiovascular, and mechanism on cardiovascular diseases.Results: Positive effect on CV of DPP-4i mediated by activate PI3K, CAMP, eNOS and PKA, and negative effect because their effects in modulate SP, peptide YY, and neuropeptide Y. CV outcomes of DPP-4i versus placebo are variated for MACEs, which are reported on sitagliptin HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.08; Vildagliptin RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.11; Saxagliptin HR 1.00, 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.12; Linagliptin  HR 0.78, 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.12; Alogliptin HR 0.85, CI 95%, 0.66 to 1.10; and Omarigliptin HR=0.85, CI 95%, 0.66-1.10.Conclusion: Based on the mechanism DPP-4i inhibitors have either cardioprotective actions or poorer outcomes on CV because their activities are connected with the inhibition of various substrates. DPP-4i sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin, and omarigliptin did not significantly increase of MACE (major adverse cardiac events).
Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien Diabetes melitus tentang Penggunaan Obat di Puskesmas Kota Malang pramestutie, hananditia rachma
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol 2, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus merupakan kumpulan dari gangguan metabolik yang dicirikan dengan hiperglikemia yang disertai metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak dan protein yang abnormal. Pengetahuan yang harus dimiliki oleh pasien diabetes mellitus meliputi arti penyakit diabetes mellitus, penyebab diabetes mellitus, gejala yang sering menyertai dan pentingnya melakukan pengobatan yang teratur dan terus-menerus dalam jangka panjang serta mengetahui bahaya yang ditimbulkan jika tidak minum obat. Pengetahuan ini penting untuk menunjang keberhasilan terapi diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan pasien diabetes mellitus tentang pengobatannya di Puskesmas Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian observasional prospektif. Pemilihan sampel pasien dan pemilihan Puskesmas menggunakan metode teknik pengambilan sampel secara non random sampling (purposive sampling) dan  harus memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang sudah dibuat oleh peneliti. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pasien diabetes melitus yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup sebesar  34 responden (53,13%) pasien yang mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan buruk sebesar 23 responden (35,94%) dan pasien yang mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan baik sebesar 7 responden (10,94%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar pasien diabetes melitus di Kota Malang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup tentang pengobatannya. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by the occurrence of hyperglycemia and impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins associated with absolute or relative shortage of labor and or insulin secretion.  The knowledge that should be owned by patients with diabetes mellitus is the meaning, causes, symptoms and treatment of diabetes mellitus. This knowledge is important to support the success of diabetes mellitus therapy. The aim of this research was to determine the knowledge level of diabetes mellitus patients about their drug therapy in the primary health care of Malang. This research used observational study methods. The selection of the patients and the primary health care was done using non-random sampling technique (purposive sampling). The subject who meet the inclusion criteria were involved. The result of this study revealed that the patients with diabetes mellitus who have a sufficient level of knowledge were 34 respondents (53,13%). Patients who have a poor criteria were 23 respondent (35,94%). Patients who have a good criteria were 7 respondents (10,94%). The conclusion from this study is most patients with diabetes mellitus in Primary Health Care Malang have enough knowledge about their treatment.
UJI AKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL DAN EKSTRAK LENGKUAS (Alpinia galanga) TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS SECARA IN VITRO Prihannensia, Maydia; Winarsih, Sri; Achmad, Anisyah
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol 4, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

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Abstract

Staphylococccus epidermidis dapat menyebabkan berbagai infeksi kulit pada manusia. Terapi yang sering digunakan adalah antibiotik, salah satunya amoksiklav. Antibiotik terkadang menimbulkan efek samping dan resistensi pada beberapa pasien, sehingga diperlukan terapi alternatif bahan alam yakni rimpang lengkuas (Alpinia galanga) yang mengandung flavonoid dan memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Untuk menghantarkan senyawa yang terdapat dalam rimpang lengkuas dan mempermudah penggunaan, maka dibentuk sediaan gel. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%, dan uji antibakteri dengan metode difusi sumuran. Pada uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), ekstrak lengkuas positif mengandung flavonoid. Gel lengkuas dan ekstrak lengkuas dibuat 3 kelompok konsentrasi yaitu 10%, 15% dan 20%. Parameter yang diamati adalah diameter zona hambat gel dan ekstrak lengkuas setelah diinkubasi selama 18-24 jam pada suhu 37oC. Hasil zona hambat menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi pada gel dan ekstrak lengkuas, maka semakin besar diameter zona hambat bakterinya. (Korelasi Pearson gel lengkuas R=0,958 dan ekstrak lengkuas R=0,979). Hasil uji t-tidak berpasangan menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan siginifikan antara gel dan esktrak lengkuas (p=0,408). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah terdapat hubungan positif antara peningkatan konsentrasi gel dan ekstrak lengkuas dengan peningkatan diameter zona hambat terhadap bakteri S. epidermidis secara in vitroKata kunci: Lengkuas (Alpinia galanga), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Gel, Ekstrak,  Antibakteri.
Hubungan Faktor Sosiodemografi Dengan Tingkat Pengetahuan Akseptor Terhadap Kontrasepsi Suntik Yang Mengandung Medroksiprogesteron Asetat Dan Estradiol Cypionate Di Puskesmas Kota Malang. Rohmah, Nikmatur -
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol 6, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2020.006.01.2

Abstract

KB suntik kombinasi merupakan salah satu cara yang efektif, praktis, dan terjangkau untuk mencegah kehamilan, KB suntik kombinasi memiliki kandungan Medroksiprogesteron Asetat 25mg dan Estradiol Cypionate 5mg yang disuntikkan setiap 1 bulan sekali. Untuk mendapatkan KB suntik kombinasi yang efektif dibutuhkan penyuntikan yang teratur sesuai jadwal yang ditentukan. Pengetahuan akseptor terhadap KB suntik dapat mempengaruhi efektifitas KB suntik kombinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor sosiodemografi dengan tingkat pengetahuan KB suntik oleh akseptor KB di empat Puskesmas Kota Malang, untuk itu digunakan desain penelitian Observasional Analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non random sampling didapatkan 40 sampel dan dinyatakan laik etik. Lalu data yang telah diperoleh di analisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman’s dan koefisien kontingensi Cramer v dengan signifikansi 0,05 (95%). Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil uji korelasi antara faktor sosiodemografi dan tingkat pengetahuan, faktor sosiodemografi terdiri dari empat faktor yaitu usia (p=0,019), pekerjaan (p=0,161), pendidikan (p=0,002),  penghasilan (p=0,020) dengan pengetahuan akseptor. Tingkat pengetahuan akseptor yang cukup adalah (50%), tingkat pengetahuan kurang (30%), dan tingkat pengetahauan baik (20%). Faktor sosiodemografi yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan hanya usia, pendidikan, dan penghasilan sedangkan pekerjaan tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat pengetahuan  KB suntik kombinasi di Puskesmas Kota Malang.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Polimer PVP:EC dan HPMC:EC Terhadap Sediaan Transdermal Pada Karakteristik Patch yang Baik : Review Fuziyanti, Nova
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.10

Abstract

Transdermal is a drug delivery system that is placed through the surface of the skin to release the active substance in a certain dose into the bloodstream. The main constituent component in the transdermal drug delivery system which has an effect on characteristics is polymer. One of the developments in the transdermal route is the manufacture of patch preparations. Physically, a good patch must be flexible, thin, smooth, homogeneous, have drying shrinkage and low moisture absorption. So the aim of this review article was to determine the effect of polymer combinations on transdermal preparations on good patch characteristics. The method used in this review article is a literature review of various journals published online, with the category of national and international journals. The results obtained 2 primary journals related to polymer combinations to transdermal preparations, namely the combination of PVP: EC and HPMC: EC. The results of the review show that the polymer combination can have an influence on the characteristics of the patch, including the fold resistance test, weight uniformity test, thickness test, drying shrinkage test and moisture absorption test.
Formulasi Sabun Cair Antibakteri Dari Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah Dan Ekstrak Kulit Lidah Buaya Indrawati, Teti; Muhammad, Alfianur Azmi
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.4

Abstract

Daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) dan kulit lidah buaya (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) mempunyai manfaat sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah optimasi formula sabun cair kombinasi ekstrak daun sirih merah dan ekstrak kulit lidah buaya sebagai antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini dibuat dengan cara ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dimaserasi dengan etanol 96% dan dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator pada suhu 50°C. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Kombinasi ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dibuat dalam 3 perbandingan yaitu 2,5% : 7,5%, 10% : 0%, 0% : 10%. Pembuatan sabun cair antibakteri dibuat dengan metode saponifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi optimum ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dihasilkan pada perbandingan 2,5% : 7,5% dengan aktivitas antibakteri kategori kuat sebesar 19,23 mm. Kombinasi optimum ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya 2,5% : 7,5% dapat dibuat sediaan sabun cair antibakteri yang berwarna hijau kecoklatan, pH 8, kadar alkali bebas 0,13%, bobot jenis 1,09 g/mL, stabilitas busa 87%, viskositas 160 cP, rheologi termasuk pseudoplastis tiksotropi, dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang optimum dengan kategori sangat kuat sebesar 26,6 mm
Pengaruh Kombinasi Matriks terhadap Karakter Tablet Metformin HCl Lepas Lambat Sistem Floating Effervescent Hati, Melati Permata
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.3

Abstract

The research aimed to prepare and evaluate of sustained release metformin HCl tablet with floating system. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation using HPMC K4M and chitosan as matrixes with proportions (w/w) 17.78%:4.44%; 14.44%:7.78%; 11.11%:11.11% ;7.78%;14.44%; 4.44%:17.78%. The tablets were evaluated of weight variation, drug content, hardness, friability, and in vitro floating and drug release studies. The dissolution study had been carried out for 6 hours using USP dissolution apparatus II (paddle) in 900 ml HCl pH 3.0 media at 37±0.50C. All tablet formulas showed closed similarity with the requirement physical tablet of United State Pharmacopea (USP) and Farmakope Indonesia reference. The matrixes containing higher HPMC K4M, and lower chitosan showed floating lag time decreased and duration time increased. Meanwhile, tablet disintegration was the lowest. The release test showed that all formulas did not meet the requirements dissolution metformin HCl sustained release tablet. The result of this study is sustained release tablet metformin HCl with matrixes HPMC K4M and chitosan able to float, but it did not form sustained release.
Efektivitas Dan Keamanan Terapi dengan Rejimen Bedaquiline dalam Terapi Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB-MDR): Kajian Sistematis Yana, I Gusti Agung Ari Kusuma
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.8

Abstract

MDR-TB is a tuberculosis disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin with or without resistance to other first-line drugs. The development of drug-resistant tuberculosis is causing worldwide concern. Globally in 2019, almost half a million TB sufferers of which 78% had MDR-TB. In recent years, MDR-TB patients increased by 10% from 186,883 patients in 2018 to 206,030 in 2019. Bedaquiline has been recommended by WHO guidelines. Studies related to the effectiveness and safety of Bedaquiline are still few so that there is a need for qualified information to prepare a country, especially Indonesia, for the use of Bedaquiline therapy, especially since Indonesia is ranked second out of two-thirds of the total global TB. Objective: to describe the effectiveness and safety of Bedaquiline in combination therapy for the treatment of MDR-TB. Methods: The literature search was carried out independently by researchers using the online databases of Science Direct, Pubmed, and Cochrane without restrictions on the type of research and year of publication. The keywords used in this study were combined with Boolean operators, namely “bedaquiline” AND “tuberculosis” AND “multi-drug resistant”. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, the intervention of giving Bedaquiline for 24 weeks can reduce the average time of culture conversion by about 60-85 days. The percentage of culture conversion rate was higher with Bedaquiline (range 70-85%) than placebo (58%). The most common side effects are nausea and hyperuricemia. The majority of studies report a prolongation of the QT interval in patients treated with Bedaquiline. Conclusion: This systematic review showed that Bedaquiline is effective and safe to use in the treatment of MDR-TB. However, serious side effects of QT prolongation occurred in some respondents treated with Bedaquiline. Further studies need to be conducted to monitor the side effects of QT prolongation associated with the administration of Bedaquiline in the treatment of MDR-TB.
Potensi Senyawa Turunan Xanton dari Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) Sebagai Inhibitor Protein Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Studi In Silico Maftucha, Nissa; Manalu, RosarioTrijuliamus; Amelia, Rika; Cordia, Petra; Bupu, Regina
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.7

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection that attacks the lungs. Tuberculosis is a dangerous disease that can cause death. In overcoming it, a safe and effective treatment is needed so that this disease can be cured. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential activity of the active compounds derived from xanthones contained in the mangosteen rind as an inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein with the comparison compound Isoniazid. The active compounds used in this study were α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, garsinon, gartanin, and 8-deoxygartanin. This research uses the molecular docking method with Yasara, MarvinSketch, PubChem, PDB, and Plants 1.1 software. The results showed that the Gibss energy produced by each test ligand had a difference value, either lower or higher than the native ligand protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lipinski screening was done to make it easier to determine a molecule or compound based on its permeability and absorption properties. The results showed that gartanin and 8-deoxygartanin complied with Lipinski's rules. Prediction of pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity was carried out using the pkCSM website and can be concluded that gartanin and 8-deoxygartanin compounds have good pharmacokinetic properties and low toxicity.

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