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TALENTA Publisher Universitas Sumatera Utara cq.Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Faculty of Pharmacy Univesitas Sumatera Utara Jalan Tri Dharma No. 5, Pintu 4, Kampus USU Padang Bulan Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara - Indonesia
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Published by Universitas Sumatera Utara
ISSN : 26156199     EISSN : 26203731     DOI : https://doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v1i1.203
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (IDJPCR) is a-peer-reviewed publication of original research works. The mission of the journal is to offer a medium to exchange ideas and information about the advancement of knowledge and research in disciplines of pharmaceutical technology, pharmacology, clinical pharmacy, medical sciences, biological pharmacy and pharmaceutical chemistry. The journal also receives systematic reviews, meta-analysis and review article on new issues in pharmaceutical and clinical sciences. Submission to this journal implies that the manuscript has not been published or under consideration to be published in another journal. At the initial stage, this journal will be published online twice a year.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 118 Documents
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OPTIMIZED HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS, PRESERVATIVES, AND CAFFEINE IN CARBONATED SOFT DRINKS Wardono, Sri; Putra, Effendy De Lux; Sinaga, Siti Morin; Dalimunthe, Aminah; Nasri, Nasri
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Vol. 8 No. 01 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/idjpcr.v8i01.20975

Abstract

Sweeteners, preservatives, and caffeine in soft drinks can pose health risks if consumed excessively. This study aimed to develop a method for the simultaneous determination of acesulfame, saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, caffeine, benzoate, and sorbate in carbonated soft drinks. The analysis was conducted using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a dual-wavelength PDA detector (Shimadzu LC-20AD), a C18 column (Shimadzu), and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu). Standard materials included acesulfame-K, saccharin-Na, cyclamate-Na, aspartame, caffeine, benzoate-Na, and sorbic acid. Samples were obtained from a supermarket in Medan, Indonesia. Optimization parameters included detection wavelength, mobile phase pH, column oven temperature, and mobile phase composition. Validation parameters assessed were linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, and selectivity. The optimized method employed a mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH 3.8) and methanol (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.55 mL/min and column oven temperature of 40 °C. Detection was carried out at 200 nm for cyclamate, caffeine, aspartame, and benzoate, and at 220 nm for acesulfame, saccharin, and sorbate. Validation results showed the method met all requirements, with recovery rates ranging from 95.21% to 99.82%, system suitability values of 1.0%–1.9%, and precision values between 1.65% and 2.48%. The method also demonstrated good selectivity. The concentrations of acesulfame, saccharin, cyclamate, caffeine, benzoate, and sorbate in the analyzed samples did not exceed the maximum permissible limits.
HERBS CONSUMPTION AND IMMUNITY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC Santosa, Heru; Imelda, Fatwa; Lubis, Namora Lumongga
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Vol. 8 No. 01 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/idjpcr.v8i01.18378

Abstract

Exposure to COVID-19 causes respiratory tract infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there are ways to stay healthy and strengthen the immune system, namely a balanced diet, physical and mental activity, and consuming traditional herbs. This study aimed to describe herb consumption and immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was an explorative quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. Two hundred people were involved in this study using purposive sampling. Data were collected using traditional herbal consumption questionnaires and an immune status questionnaire (ISQ). Data were analyzed by description. The results show that female was 60%, aged 36–45 years was 33%, Bataknese was 69%, unemployment was 29.5%, senior high school was 50.5%, and greater than or equal to the regional minimum wage was 50.5%. Jamu is a kind of traditional herbal that is the most consumed (75%), respondents consumed less than 250 ml (83%). The results also show that immunity status was good (52%) and poor (48%). It is recommended to take herbs to increase the body's immunity so that it can prevent exposure to COVID-19 in accordance with government recommendations in Indonesia.
PENGARUH DIABETIC SELF-MANAGEMENT EDUCATION (DSME) TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PENGOBATAN PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 Rissa, Mexsi Mutia
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Vol. 8 No. 02 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/idjpcr.v8i02.20057

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease and remains among the top ten non-communicable diseases in Indonesia. High medication adherence plays a critical role in improving the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacists have a strategic role as educators in enhancing medication adherence through educational interventions, such as Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME). This study aimed to analyze the effect of DSME on medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Bambanglipuro Primary Health Center, Bantul. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test two-group design. The respondents were patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who participated in the Prolanis program and met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a medication adherence questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software with the Mann–Whitney U test after the intervention was administered. The results showed a p-value > 0.05, indicating that DSME had no significant effect on medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Bambanglipuro Primary Health Center, Bantul.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF GREEN GEDI LEAVES (Abelmoschus manihot L.) USING CUPRAC (CUPRIC ION REDUCING ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY) METHOD Kaban, Vera Estefania; Nasri, Nasri; Suci, Nurul; Lubis, Muhammad Fauzan; Rani, Zulmai; Nasution, Haris Munandar
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Vol. 8 No. 02 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/idjpcr.v8i02.20644

Abstract

Free radicals induce oxidative stress, which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various degenerative diseases. Abelmoschus manihot L., locally known as green gedi, is recognized for its rich secondary metabolite content with potential antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of green gedi leaves using the Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) method. Extraction was conducted via maceration using a 90% hydroalcoholic solvent, followed by comprehensive phytochemical screening and simplicia characterization. The antioxidant capacity was quantified by determining the IC50 value through linear regression analysis of inhibition percentage versus concentration. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids/steroids. The hydroalcoholic extract exhibited "very strong" antioxidant activity, yielding an IC50 value of 41.65 ± 0.30 µg/mL. Although this potency was slightly lower than the pure quercetin standard, it demonstrates a significant capacity for free radical neutralization. These findings underscore the potential of Abelmoschus manihot L. as a robust natural antioxidant source, supporting its further development into phytopharmaceuticals or functional health supplements for the prevention of oxidative stress-related conditions.
MEDICATION SAFETY PROFILE: A CASE REPORT OF FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANCY PATIENTS WITH DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS DIAGNOSIS ACCOMPANIED BY COMORBIDITY Aritonang, Anggi Chatie Yunida; Rambe, Rima Elfitra; Henny Sri Wahyuni; Lumbanraja, Sarma Nursani
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Vol. 8 No. 02 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/idjpcr.v8i02.21822

Abstract

Pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state that elevates the risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). The selection of pharmacological interventions for DVT during pregnancy necessitates rigorous consideration of both maternal and fetal safety. Management becomes increasingly complex when the condition is accompanied by comorbidities, which often lead to polypharmacy and a higher potential for drug-drug interactions. This case report discusses a 33-year-old pregnant woman in her first trimester diagnosed with DVT in the left lower extremity, complicated by secondary hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and fever. The therapeutic regimen comprised 13 medications, including anticoagulants, antibiotics, analgesic-antipyretics, antiemetics, antihypertensives, and antidiabetic agents. Medication safety profiles were evaluated based on FDA pregnancy categories and other peer-reviewed references. Potential drug interactions were analyzed using the UpToDate® Lexicomp™ database. The study identified two drugs in category A, five in categories B and C, respectively, and one agent for which data was unavailable. Four potential drug interactions were identified, ranging from moderate to minor severity. All prescribed drugs demonstrated an adequate safety profile supported by current clinical literature. This study emphasizes the critical importance of a thorough risk-benefit analysis. Stringent monitoring is essential to ensure both the safety and efficacy of the treatment.
INCIDENCE OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN Butt, Nauman Ismat; Waris, Barak; Ghoauri, Muhammad Sohail Ajmal; Baber, Asyhveen
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Vol. 8 No. 02 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/idjpcr.v8i02.22416

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the incidence of acute ischemic stroke in hypertensive individuals in Lahore, Pakistan, and was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Chaudhary Muhammad Akram Teaching and Research Hospital. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mmHg on two separate occasions, ambulatory readings above 140/90 mmHg recorded at least 15 days apart, or a known history of antihypertensive medication use. Acute ischemic stroke was defined as sudden loss or weakness in function of one or more limbs on clinical examination, confirmed radiologically by a CT scan of the brain. A total of 200 hypertensive patients aged 18 years and older were included using non-probability consecutive sampling. Participants underwent evaluation for blood pressure control, antihypertensive therapy, comorbidities, and acute ischemic stroke. The results showed that acute ischemic stroke was present in 6.5% of patients. Chi-square analysis revealed that prolonged duration of hypertension, poor hypertension control, current treatment regimen, presence of diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease had statistical associations with stroke. However, in logistic regression analysis, no variable was found to be a significant predictor of stroke. It is concluded that acute ischemic stroke is not an uncommon finding in hypertensive patients, being more prevalent in those with prolonged hypertension duration, poor control, and the presence of comorbidities.
FERMENTATION OF BITTER MUSTARD GREENS (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.: PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, PROXIMATE COMPOSITION, AND ISOLATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA Nasri, Nasri; Cintya, Henni; Haro, Ginda; Silalahi, Jansen; Pakpahan, Gita Asima E.; Sitanggang, Sarah Novia S.; Sefira, Inka
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Vol. 8 No. 02 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/idjpcr.v8i02.24242

Abstract

Fermented vegetables are widely consumed functional foods, but scientific data on traditionally fermented bitter mustard greens are still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile and proximate composition of Brassica juncea after spontaneous fermentation and to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) formed during the process. A laboratory experimental design was applied; bitter mustard greens were spontaneously fermented in brine for seven days at room temperature. Daily changes in pH and organoleptic characteristics were recorded. Phytochemical screening was performed on fresh and fermented samples (leaves, stems, brine). Proximate analysis included moisture, ash, acid-insoluble ash, crude fat, protein, and carbohydrates using AOAC methods. LAB were isolated on MRS–CaCO₃ agar and characterized phenotypically. Fermentation produced a progressive decrease in pH (from 5.0 to 2.9–3.3) accompanied by sour aroma and yellowish discoloration, indicating active lactic acid fermentation. Flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids were present in both fresh and fermented samples, although weaker reactions occurred in stems and brine. Proximate analysis revealed very high moisture content (88.76–95.20%), low protein (0.53–0.88%), low fat (5.03–5.50%), and low residual carbohydrates. LAB isolates (ASP-CF, ASP-B, ASP-D) were Gram-positive, catalase-negative, acid-producing, and non-H₂S-forming. In conclusion, traditional spontaneous fermentation of Brassica juncea produces a LAB-dominated fermented product that retains major phytochemical groups and exhibits proximate characteristics typical of fermented vegetables, supporting its potential as a functional food. Further molecular identification of LAB and quantitative metabolite profiling are recommended.
Optimizing Carrageenan-Based Moisturizers: From Kappaphycus alvarezii Extraction to Formulation Suci, Nurul; Rahmi, Alfia; Nasri, Nasri; Kaban, Vera Estefania
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Vol. 8 No. 02 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/idjpcr.v8i02.18124

Abstract

Carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii), possesses a high water-holding capacity and has been widely investigated for its potential application as a skin moisturizing agent. This study aimed to formulate isolated carrageenan into a topical cream and to evaluate its physicochemical characteristics and moisturizing efficacy. Carrageenan was isolated through sequential soaking, decantation, extraction, isolation, drying, and milling processes. The isolated material was characterized in terms of solubility, viscosity, loss on drying, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Cream formulations containing carrageenan at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% (w/w) were prepared and compared with a 2% glycerin cream and a blank control. Physical quality evaluations included homogeneity, pH, emulsion type, stability testing for 12 weeks, skin irritation assessment, and in vivo moisturizing activity in 18 human volunteers. The isolated carrageenan complied with the requirements of USP XXX. All carrageenan-based creams exhibited acceptable homogeneity, skin-compatible pH, and satisfactory physical stability throughout the storage period. No signs of skin irritation were observed. Moisturizing efficacy increased proportionally with carrageenan concentration, with the 2.5% carrageenan cream demonstrating a moisturizing effect comparable to that of the 2% glycerin formulation. These findings support the potential of carrageenan derived from Kappaphycus alvarezii as an effective natural moisturizing agent in topical cream formulations.

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