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JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW
Published by Universitas Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26214105     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/julr.v2i2.2266
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
Journal USM LAW REVIEW (JULR) is an academic journal for Legal Studies published by Master of Law, Semarang University. It aims primarily to facilitate scholarly and professional discussions over current developments on legal issues in Indonesia as well as to publish innovative legal researches concerning Indonesian laws and legal system. The focus and scope of this journal are legal problems in the fields of Criminal Law; Civil Law; Constitutional Law; International Law; Administrative Law; Islamic Law; Business Law; Medical Law; Environmental Law; Adat Law; Agrarian Law; Legal Philosophy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 682 Documents
 64   65   66   67   68 
Relasi Tanggung Jawab Negara dan Korporasi dalam Penanggulangan Bencana Alam Martono Anggusti; Yasmirah Mandasari Saragih
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13748

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the legal framework of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in natural disaster management in Indonesia, examine its implementation in relation to government policies and roles, and assess the implications of the division of responsibilities between the state and corporations. This research is motivated by the lack of regulatory clarity and responsibility distribution, which creates legal uncertainty and potential erosion of state accountability. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and public policy approaches, with qualitative analysis of secondary data. The novelty lies in positioning disaster-related CSR within the framework of state responsibility as the primary duty bearer, thereby affirming corporations as complementary actors. The results show that CSR regulations have not been specifically integrated into the national disaster management system, and their implementation remains reactive, charitable, and poorly coordinated. This condition results in legal uncertainty, policy fragmentation, and the potential shifting of state responsibility to corporations. Therefore, strengthening regulatory frameworks, coordination, supervision, and integration of CSR into the national disaster management system is essential to ensure CSR functions as a structured and accountable supporting instrument without replacing the state’s constitutional responsibility.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan hukum corporate social responsibility (CSR) dalam penanggulangan bencana alam di Indonesia, mengkaji praktik pelaksanaannya dalam kaitannya dengan kebijakan dan peran pemerintah, serta menganalisis implikasi pembagian tanggung jawab antara negara dan korporasi. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketidakjelasan pengaturan dan pembagian tanggung jawab yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan potensi pengaburan akuntabilitas negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kebijakan publik, serta dianalisis secara kualitatif menggunakan data sekunder. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penempatan CSR kebencanaan dalam kerangka tanggung jawab negara sebagai primary duty bearer, sehingga korporasi diposisikan sebagai aktor komplementer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan CSR belum terintegrasi secara spesifik dalam sistem penanggulangan bencana nasional dan pelaksanaannya masih bersifat reaktif, karitatif, dan tidak terkoordinasi secara sistematis. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan implikasi berupa ketidakpastian hukum, fragmentasi kebijakan, dan potensi pergeseran tanggung jawab negara kepada korporasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan regulasi, koordinasi, pengawasan, dan integrasi CSR dalam sistem penanggulangan bencana nasional guna memastikan CSR berfungsi sebagai instrumen pendukung yang terstruktur dan akuntabel tanpa menggantikan tanggung jawab konstitusional negara.  
Analisis Hukum Kebijakan Ekspor Pasir Laut: Interpretasi dan Implementasi SDGs di Kepulauan Riau Nopita Sari Br Tarigan; Shelvi Rusdiana; Ampuan Situmeang
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.13767

Abstract

This study analyzes Indonesia’s marine sand export policy in the Riau Islands in relation to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 15 on Life on Land, against the backdrop of a policy shift from the export ban under the Decree of the Minister of Industry and Trade No. 117/MPP/Kep/2/2003 to the reauthorization of exports under Government Regulation No. 26 of 2023. This policy change gives rise to legal issues in the form of normative conflicts, inconsistencies in environmental protection objectives, and weaknesses in regulatory design in controlling the exploitation of natural resources. This research constitutes a normative-analytical legal study employing a statutory approach and a theoretical approach, analyzed through Hans Jonas’s Ethics of Responsibility and Mochtar Kusumaatmadja’s Development Law theory, with ecological impact data used solely as secondary supporting data to strengthen normative arguments rather than as empirical findings. The results indicate that Government Regulation No. 26 of 2023 inadequately regulates the effectiveness of sanctions, supervisory mechanisms, and public participation, thereby resulting in weak protection of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems and hindering the optimal achievement of SDGs 15. The novelty of this study lies in integrating the analysis of marine sand export policy with intergenerational responsibility ethics and the SDGs framework as a normative basis for strengthening environmental regulation.     Penelitian ini menganalisis kebijakan ekspor pasir laut Indonesia di wilayah Kepulauan Riau dalam kaitannya dengan pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 15 tentang Kehidupan di Darat, dengan latar belakang perubahan kebijakan dari larangan ekspor melalui Keputusan Menteri Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Nomor 117/MPP/Kep/2/2003 menjadi kebijakan yang mengizinkannya melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 26 Tahun 2023. Perubahan tersebut menimbulkan persoalan yuridis berupa konflik norma, inkonsistensi arah perlindungan lingkungan hidup, serta kelemahan desain regulasi dalam mengendalikan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian hukum normatif-analitis dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan teori, yang dianalisis menggunakan teori Etika Tanggung Jawab Hans Jonas dan teori Hukum Pembangunan Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, dengan data dampak ekologis digunakan sebagai data pendukung sekunder untuk memperkuat argumentasi normatif, bukan sebagai temuan empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PP Nomor 26 Tahun 2023 belum secara memadai mengatur efektivitas sanksi, mekanisme pengawasan, dan partisipasi masyarakat, sehingga berimplikasi pada lemahnya perlindungan ekosistem darat dan pesisir serta tidak optimalnya pencapaian SDGs 15. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi analisis kebijakan ekspor pasir laut dengan etika tanggung jawab antargenerasi dan kerangka SDGs sebagai dasar penguatan regulasi lingkungan hidup.
Comparative Roles of Mediators in Non-Litigation Dispute Resolution: Indonesia and Thailand Abdulloh Tsani Harahap; Zainuddin Zainuddin
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13819

Abstract

This study aims to comparatively analyze the role of mediators in non-litigation dispute resolution in Indonesia and Thailand and to examine how differences in legal and sociological orientations influence mediation effectiveness. Existing mediation studies predominantly focus on procedural or institutional aspects, leaving a limited understanding of how mediator positioning as legal and social actors affects dispute resolution outcomes. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and comparative law approaches, supported by the analysis of legislation, legal doctrines, and scholarly literature. The findings reveal that Indonesia adopts a formal and legalistic mediation model in which mediators function as certified facilitators to ensure legal certainty and enforceability, but with relatively limited social acceptance. In contrast, Thailand applies a community-based mediation model that positions mediators as socially legitimate actors capable of fostering trust and voluntary compliance, although with weaker formal legal guarantees. This study contributes to mediation scholarship by conceptualizing mediators as hybrid legal–social institutions whose effectiveness depends on balancing juridical authority and social legitimacy. The findings imply that developing an integrative mediation framework combining legal certainty with sociological legitimacy is essential to strengthen the effectiveness, accessibility, and sustainability of non-litigation dispute resolution systems.
Same-Sex Marriage and Civil Law Consequences: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Thailand Raisya Alya Najla; Nurhilmiyah Nurhilmiyah
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13820

Abstract

This study aims to analyze and compare the legal regulation of same-sex marriage in Indonesia and Thailand and to examine its juridical implications for civil status and civil law consequences. The issue has become increasingly significant due to divergent national legal frameworks within ASEAN and growing cross-border mobility, which creates potential legal uncertainty regarding marital status recognition and the protection of civil rights. This research employs normative legal methods using statutory and comparative law approaches, based on the analysis of legislation, constitutional provisions, and relevant legal doctrines. The results show that Indonesia does not recognize same-sex marriage because marital validity is fundamentally based on religious law, resulting in the absence of civil law consequences, including marital status recognition, joint property rights, inheritance rights, and parental authority. Conversely, Thailand legally recognizes same-sex marriage through amendments to its Civil and Commercial Code, granting same-sex couples full civil rights and legal protection equivalent to heterosexual spouses. This difference reflects contrasting legal paradigms, where Indonesia emphasizes religious legitimacy as the foundation of marriage, while Thailand prioritizes civil equality and legal certainty. The novelty of this study lies in its comparative analysis of civil law consequences within ASEAN’s plural legal systems. This research contributes to comparative family law scholarship and highlights the potential for transnational legal conflicts arising from inconsistent marital recognition across jurisdictions.
Perlindungan Hukum Pengguna Sepeda Listrik Di Kota Semarang Putri Haliza Yuniar; Endah Pujiastuti; Zaenal Arifin; Sonny Hendraprasanto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13832

Abstract

This study aims to analyze legal protection for electric bicycle users in Semarang City and to identify regulatory implementation challenges as well as strategies for strengthening such protection. The increasing use of electric bicycles as an environmentally friendly mode of transportation has raised concerns regarding safety and legal certainty, particularly because their regulation remains dispersed across multiple legal regimes that have not been comprehensively integrated. The urgency of this research arises from the growing number of electric bicycle accidents and the lack of normative coherence between traffic law and consumer protection law, which creates uncertainty regarding legal responsibility. This research employs a socio-legal approach with a descriptive-analytical specification through interviews, literature review, and qualitative analysis to examine the alignment between legal norms and their implementation in practice. The novelty of this study lies in developing an integrated legal protection analysis combining traffic law and consumer protection law by positioning electric bicycle users as dual legal subjects, while also testing its effectiveness in the local context of Semarang City. The findings indicate that legal protection is normatively available but remains ineffective due to regulatory disharmony, weak institutional supervision, low public compliance, and the absence of comprehensive statutory regulation. Therefore, regulatory harmonization, strengthened supervision, safety infrastructure development, and systematic legal reform are necessary to ensure effective legal protection.     Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi pengguna sepeda listrik di Kota Semarang serta mengidentifikasi kendala implementasi regulasi dan strategi penguatannya. Peningkatan penggunaan sepeda listrik sebagai moda transportasi ramah lingkungan menimbulkan persoalan keselamatan dan kepastian perlindungan hukum, terutama karena pengaturannya masih tersebar dalam berbagai rezim hukum yang belum terintegrasi secara komprehensif. Urgensi penelitian ini didasarkan pada meningkatnya angka kecelakaan sepeda listrik serta adanya ketidaksinkronan norma antara hukum lalu lintas dan hukum perlindungan konsumen yang berimplikasi pada ketidakpastian tanggung jawab hukum. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis melalui wawancara, studi kepustakaan, dan analisis kualitatif untuk menilai kesesuaian antara norma hukum dan implementasinya dalam praktik. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada pengembangan analisis perlindungan hukum berbasis integrasi rezim hukum lalu lintas dan hukum perlindungan konsumen dengan menempatkan pengguna sepeda listrik sebagai subjek hukum ganda sekaligus menguji efektivitasnya pada konteks lokal Kota Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum secara normatif telah tersedia, namun efektivitasnya masih terbatas akibat disharmonisasi regulasi, lemahnya pengawasan kelembagaan, rendahnya kepatuhan masyarakat, serta belum adanya pengaturan komprehensif pada tingkat undang-undang. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan harmonisasi regulasi, penguatan pengawasan, penyediaan infrastruktur keselamatan, dan pembaruan hukum yang lebih sistematis guna menjamin perlindungan hukum yang efektif.
Cyber Notary Sebagai Pembaharuan Hukum: Urgensi dan Tantangan dalam Implementasinya Rihhadatul'aisy Rihhadatul'aisy; Ranti Fauza Mayana; Tasya Safiranita Ramli
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.13838

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of cyber notary in public services in relation to the principle of Tabellionis Officium Fideliter Exercebo as reviewed in Notary Law and ITE Law also the validity and evidentiary power of authentic deeds in cyber notary. The urgency of this research is that the development of digital technology is driving the transformation of notarial practices toward cyber notary. However, in Indonesia, it still raises normative conflicts regarding the physical presence of the parties as regulated in the Notary Law with the limited recognition of electronic documents based on the ITE Law. This affects the legitimacy of the implementation of cyber notary practices in Indonesia. Meanwhile, notaries must be adaptive to technological advancements and the demand for legal services that are integrated with digital developments. The research method is normative juridical with a comparative method thru the comparison of cyber notary in Virginia, United States, and analyzed using the Pathetic Dot Theory to examine the interaction the four modalities. According to the research findings, the implementation of cyber notary in Indonesia hasn't yet been able to create perfectly authentic deeds since Notary Law requiring physical presence. Cyber notary in Virginia can be implemented in a proportional manner by adhering to the framework of the Notary Law and ITE Law, and other regulations, in order to address the digital transformation in the field of Indonesian notary services and provide dynamic legal services.     Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji mengenai penerapan cyber notary dalam jasa pelayanan publik dikaitkan dengan asas Tabellionis Officium Fideliter Exercebo ditinjau dari UUJN dan UU ITE dan keabsahan dan kekuatan pembuktian akta autentik dalam konsep cyber notary. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah perkembangan teknologi digital mendorong transformasi praktik kenotariatan menuju cyber notary. Namun dalam praktiknya di Indonesia masih menimbulkan konflik normatif mengenai kehadiran fisik para pihak sebagaimana diatur dalam UUJN dengan pengakuan dokumen elektronik terbatas berdasarkan UU ITE. Hal tersebut mempengaruhi legitimasi praktik penerapan cyber notary di Indonesia. Sementara itu notaris harus bersifat adaptif dengan kemajuan teknologi dan permintaan pelayanan hukum yang terintegrasi dengan perkembangan digital. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan metode komparatif melalui perbandingan pengaturan cyber notary di Virginia, Amerika Serikat serta dianalisis menggunakan Pathetic Dot Theory untuk menguji interaksi antara hukum, teknologi, dan praktik sosial dalam ruang digital. Penelitian ini memiliki kebaharuan yaitu menawarkan konstruksi reinterpretasi konseptual terhadap makna kehadiran hukum notaris dalam ruang digital sebagai dasar pengembangan model pengaturan cyber notary yang tetap mempertahankan krakteristik sistem civil law Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa praktik cyber notary dalam kerangka hukum Indonesia belum dapat menghasilkan akta autentik secara sempurna akibat adanya disharmoni formil mengenai kehadiran para pihak. Penerapan cyber notary di Virginia dapat diadopsi secara proporsional dengan menyesuaikan dengan kerangka UUJN dan UU ITE serta regulasi lainnya agar dapat merespon transformasi digital di bidang kenotariatan Indonesia dalam memberikan pelayanan hukum yang dinamis.
Forensic Linguistic Analysis of Commercial Pornographic Content in Indonesian Law Sri Waljinah; Alifa Laili Faiza Cahyani; Zahy Riswahyudha Ariyanto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.13862

Abstract

This study examines the legal and interpretative challenges in identifying commercial elements within text-based pornographic discourse on social media, particularly in distinguishing pornography from sexual insult and commercial sexual exploitation. While prior research has focused on regulatory frameworks and electronic evidence, limited attention has been given to the role of linguistic structures in revealing implicit commercial intent. This research employs a normative juridical approach integrated with forensic linguistic analysis of publicly accessible social media texts, utilizing lexical categorization, pragmatic implicature, and speech act analysis to identify structured indicators of commercialization. The findings demonstrate that commercial sexual elements cannot be determined from isolated expressions but must be inferred through the convergence of transactional diction, intermediary references, and economic-motivational framing within a coherent discourse. The study further confirms that not all sexually explicit or offensive language fulfills the legal elements of pornography, thereby requiring careful doctrinal differentiation to prevent overcriminalization. Linguistic indicators contribute to interpreting potential actus reus and mens rea, yet their evidentiary value remains complementary and must be supported by formal legal proof. This study offers a structured analytical framework that bridges forensic linguistics and criminal law, enhancing evidentiary precision while upholding the principles of legality, proportionality, and freedom of expression in digital law enforcement.
Penguatan Peran Preventif Notaris dan PPAT dalam Mencegah Sengketa Pertanahan Akibat Jual Beli Tanah di Bawah Tangan Benny Gabriel Sinaga; Pristika Handayani; Alwan Hadiyanto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.13931

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal position of private land sale and purchase agreements as a source of potential land disputes and to formulate the preventive role of notaries and land deed officials in the framework of dispute prevention from the pre-transaction stage. This research is motivated by the prevalence of private land sale and purchase practices, which reveal a fundamental conceptual problem in the form of disharmony between civil law, which emphasizes the validity of agreements based on the agreement of the parties, and agrarian law, which requires formalization and registration as a condition of legal certainty. This lack of synchronization results in a dualism of legitimacy that weakens legal protection and increases the potential for disputes. This study uses a normative juridical method with a regulatory and conceptual approach, using the theoretical framework of preventive legal protection and legal system theory. The results of the study show that under-the-table land sale and purchase agreements, although valid under civil law, are not integrated into the land administration system, thus creating structural vulnerabilities in legal certainty and protection of rights, including those of third parties. This study concludes that the prevention of land disputes requires institutional intervention from the pre-transaction stage through legal verification mechanisms, gradual formalization of rights transfers, and legal education. The novelty of this research lies in the development of a structured preventive model as a theoretical contribution to strengthening the concept of preventive legal protection in land law, as well as a systemic critique of the lack of synchronization between civil validity and administrative recognition in the Indonesian land law system.     Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kedudukan yuridis perjanjian jual beli tanah di bawah tangan sebagai sumber potensi sengketa pertanahan serta merumuskan peran preventif Notaris dan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah dalam kerangka pencegahan sengketa sejak tahap pra-transaksi. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih maraknya praktik jual beli tanah di bawah tangan yang menunjukkan adanya problem konseptual mendasar berupa disharmoni antara hukum perdata yang menekankan keabsahan perjanjian berdasarkan kesepakatan para pihak dan hukum agraria yang menuntut formalisasi serta pendaftaran sebagai syarat kepastian hukum. Ketidaksinkronan tersebut menghasilkan dualisme legitimasi yang melemahkan perlindungan hukum dan meningkatkan potensi sengketa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, dengan kerangka teori perlindungan hukum preventif serta teori sistem hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian jual beli tanah di bawah tangan, meskipun sah secara keperdataan, tidak terintegrasi dalam sistem administrasi pertanahan, sehingga menimbulkan kerentanan struktural dalam kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hak, termasuk terhadap pihak ketiga. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pencegahan sengketa pertanahan memerlukan intervensi kelembagaan sejak tahap pra-transaksi melalui mekanisme verifikasi yuridis, formalisasi bertahap peralihan hak, dan edukasi hukum. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada pengembangan model preventif terstruktur sebagai kontribusi teoritis terhadap penguatan konsep perlindungan hukum preventif dalam hukum pertanahan, sekaligus kritik sistemik terhadap ketidaksinkronan antara validitas perdata dan pengakuan administratif dalam sistem hukum pertanahan Indonesia.
Restorative Justice dan Diskresi Kepolisian dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia River Hutajulu; Alwan Hadiyanto; Ciptono Ciptono
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i2.13932

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the legal position of restorative justice within the Indonesian criminal justice system and its implementation by the Indonesian National Police based on Police Regulation Number 8 of 2021. The research focuses on two main issues, namely the legal position of restorative justice within the framework of the national criminal justice system and its implementation by the police at the stages of inquiry and investigation. The background of this study arises from the dominance of the retributive approach in criminal law enforcement, which has not fully ensured victim recovery and has contributed to prison overcrowding. This research employs a normative juridical method using a statute approach and a conceptual approach through the analysis of relevant legislation and legal concepts. The findings indicate that restorative justice possesses normative legitimacy as a mechanism for resolving criminal cases oriented toward recovery; however, its implementation by the police still encounters challenges due to the broad scope of investigators’ discretion and the use of open normative phrases, such as “public unrest” and “potential social conflict,” which may lead to inconsistencies in practice. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of the relationship between police discretion, the principle of legality, legal certainty, and the protection of human rights in the application of restorative justice at the initial stage of the criminal justice system.     Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kedudukan hukum restorative justice dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia serta implementasinya oleh Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia berdasarkan Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 8 Tahun 2021. Permasalahan penelitian difokuskan pada dua aspek utama, yaitu bagaimana kedudukan hukum restorative justice dalam kerangka sistem peradilan pidana nasional dan bagaimana implementasinya oleh kepolisian pada tahap penyelidikan dan penyidikan. Latar belakang penelitian berangkat dari dominasi pendekatan retributif yang belum sepenuhnya mampu memberikan pemulihan bagi korban serta berkontribusi terhadap kelebihan kapasitas lembaga pemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan statute approach dan conceptual approach melalui analisis peraturan perundang-undangan dan konsep hukum yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa restorative justice memiliki legitimasi normatif sebagai mekanisme penyelesaian perkara yang berorientasi pada pemulihan, namun implementasinya oleh kepolisian masih menghadapi kendala berupa luasnya ruang diskresi penyidik serta penggunaan frasa normatif yang bersifat terbuka, seperti “keresahan masyarakat” dan “potensi konflik sosial”, yang berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakkonsistenan praktik. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis relasi antara diskresi kepolisian, asas legalitas, kepastian hukum, dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia dalam penerapan restorative justice pada tahap awal sistem peradilan pidana.
Pertanggungjawaban Perdata atas Insiden Keselamatan di Terminal Bandar Udara Agung Sofyan; Pristika Handayani; Alwan Hadiyanto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13933

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the construction of civil liability for passenger losses arising from safety incidents at airport terminals and to determine the parties that may be held legally responsible. The research is motivated by the increasing risk of safety incidents in airport terminals as high-risk public facilities, accompanied by legal uncertainty regarding the distribution of liability among operational actors and the proportionality of compensation for victims. This condition creates an urgent need to formulate a liability framework that is not solely based on individual fault but also on risk allocation and systemic responsibility in public facility management. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches through doctrinal analysis of civil liability, consumer protection, and risk governance in high-risk public facilities. The novelty of this study lies in developing a multi-party liability model based on risk allocation that positions airport terminals as high-risk public facilities with heightened standards of duty of care. The findings show that civil liability includes material and immaterial compensation as well as the restoration of passenger rights and may be imposed on airport operators, airlines, and third parties individually or jointly and severally to ensure legal protection and justice for passengers.   Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi pertanggungjawaban perdata atas kerugian penumpang akibat insiden keselamatan di terminal bandar udara serta menentukan pihak-pihak yang dapat dimintai tanggung jawab hukum. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah meningkatnya risiko insiden keselamatan di terminal sebagai fasilitas publik berisiko tinggi yang diiringi ketidakjelasan konstruksi tanggung jawab hukum, khususnya terkait distribusi tanggung jawab antarpelaku operasional dan proporsionalitas kompensasi bagi korban. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan urgensi untuk merumuskan kerangka pertanggungjawaban yang tidak hanya berbasis kesalahan individual, tetapi juga berbasis alokasi risiko dan tanggung jawab sistemik dalam pengelolaan fasilitas publik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus melalui analisis doktrin pertanggungjawaban perdata, perlindungan konsumen, serta pengelolaan risiko fasilitas publik berisiko tinggi. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada pengembangan model pertanggungjawaban multipihak berbasis alokasi risiko yang menempatkan terminal bandar udara sebagai high-risk public facility dengan standar kewajiban kehati-hatian yang lebih tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertanggungjawaban perdata mencakup ganti rugi materiil, immateriil, serta pemulihan hak penumpang dan dapat dibebankan kepada pengelola bandar udara, maskapai penerbangan, dan pihak ketiga secara sendiri-sendiri maupun tanggung renteng guna menjamin perlindungan hukum dan keadilan bagi penumpang.

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