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Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum
Published by Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro Lampung
ISSN : 18298117     EISSN : 25273973     DOI : https://doi.org/10.32332/istinbath.v17i1
Core Subject : Religion, Economy, Humanities, Social,
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum is Open Journal of Law, a Journal that contains legal-based scientific papers. Published by Sharia Faculty of IAIN Metro. Ever applied for accreditation in 2016. It is published twice a year in Mei and November. Istinbath Journal Law is a periodical publication of scientific articles containing thematic laws with various approaches in the scope of positive law and Islamic law. Journals are published in print and online. Istinbath Journal of Law is published by the IAIN Metro Sharia Faculty. Istinbath Journal of Law is published as an attempt to socialize scientific studies in the form of literature review articles and research results related to the law.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 308 Documents
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Integration of Blockchain Technology in the Criminal Justice System: Challenges of Regulation, Data Security, and Legitimacy of Digital Evidence Robby Malaheksa; Heni Siswanto; Agus Triono
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 22 No 02 (2025): Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro, Lampung, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/istinbath.v22i02.art06

Abstract

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes to the criminal justice system, particularly in the management of digital evidence. However, challenges such as data manipulation, evidence validity, and storage security remain significant issues. Blockchain, a technology that offers transparency, security, and data traceability, has great potential for application in the criminal justice system for more effective digital evidence management. This study aims to analyze the application of blockchain in the criminal justice system, particularly in relation to the validity of evidence, integrity, and digital evidence management. The methods used include a literature review and comparative analysis of conventional systems and blockchain-based models. The findings show that the implementation of blockchain can improve the security and protection of digital evidence through hashing and encryption mechanisms that are difficult to manipulate. In addition, this technology enables the decentralized recording of digital evidence transactions, thereby reducing the risk of abuse by certain parties. Therefore, the adoption of blockchain technology in the criminal justice system has the potential to strengthen the credibility and efficiency of the legal evidence process. [Perkembangan teknologi digital telah membawa perubahan signifikan pada sistem peradilan pidana, terutama dalam pengelolaan bukti digital. Namun, tantangan seperti manipulasi data, validitas bukti, dan keamanan penyimpanan tetap menjadi masalah utama. Blockchain, sebagai teknologi yang menawarkan transparansi, keamanan, dan jejak data, memiliki potensi besar untuk diterapkan dalam sistem peradilan pidana guna pengelolaan bukti digital yang lebih efektif. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan blockchain dalam sistem peradilan pidana, khususnya terkait validitas bukti, integritas, dan pengelolaan bukti digital. Metode yang digunakan meliputi tinjauan literatur dan analisis perbandingan antara sistem konvensional dan model berbasis blockchain. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa implementasi blockchain dapat meningkatkan keamanan dan perlindungan bukti digital melalui mekanisme hashing dan enkripsi yang sulit dimanipulasi. Selain itu, teknologi ini memungkinkan pencatatan terdesentralisasi transaksi bukti digital, sehingga mengurangi risiko penyalahgunaan oleh pihak tertentu. Oleh karena itu, adopsi blockchain dalam sistem peradilan pidana berpotensi memperkuat kredibilitas dan efisiensi dalam proses bukti hukum].
Fatwa, Default, and Legal Certainty: A Study of Normative-Practical Gaps in the Resolution of Non-Performing Loans in Sharia Microfinance Institutions Wahyuni; Salma Naqiyya Firaasya; Dwi Rachmawati; Hurin In Nurul Firdausi
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 22 No 02 (2025): Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro, Lampung, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/istinbath.v22i02.art07

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the forms of default in Islamic financing, particularly murābaḥah transactions (mutually beneficial transactions) at Baitul Māl wa Tamwīl (BMT) Adzkiya Khidmatul Ummah (AKU) in Metro City, and to examine the normative-practical gap between the settlement mechanisms applied and the provisions stipulated in the DSN-MUI fatwa. This study adopts a qualitative approach, collecting data through interviews, document analysis, and direct observation of murābaḥah financing procedures and default handling. The study’s results show significant differences between the provisions of the DSN-MUI fatwa and the operational practices of BMT. First, late fees are imposed uniformly on all problematic customers, including those who are unable to pay, while DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 47/2005 limits fines only to debtors who are able but negligent (mumāthil). Second, the allocation of penalty funds has not been disclosed transparently, contrary to the provisions of DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 04/2000, which requires clarity on fund usage. Third, there is no classification of debtor ability before sanctions are imposed. Fourth, restructuring, which is recommended as the first step in Sharia-based settlements, is only carried out after three late payments, making penalties the primary response. This study contributes empirically by presenting comprehensive evidence of normative-practical inconsistencies in sharia financing and legal certainty, and conceptually emphasizes the importance of compliance governance in achieving fairness, transparency, and compliance with sharia principles. [Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk-bentuk wanprestasi dalam pembiyaan syariah khususnya transaski murābaḥah (transaksi saling menguntungkan) pada Baitul Māl wa Tamwīl (BMT) Adzkiya Khidmatul Ummah (AKU) Kota Metro serta mengkaji kesenjangan normatif–praktis antara mekanisme penyelesaian yang diterapkan dengan ketentuan yang diatur dalam fatwa DSN-MUI. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, analisis dokumen, dan observasi langsung terhadap prosedur pembiayaan murābaḥah dan penanganan wanprestasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara ketentuan fatwa DSN-MUI dan praktik operasional BMT. Pertama, denda keterlambatan dikenakan secara seragam kepada seluruh nasabah bermasalah, termasuk yang tidak mampu membayar, sementara Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 47/2005 membatasi denda hanya untuk debitur mampu tetapi lalai (mumāthil). Kedua, alokasi dana denda belum disampaikan secara transparan, bertentangan dengan ketentuan Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 04/2000 yang mewajibkan kejelasan penggunaan dana. Ketiga, tidak terdapat klasifikasi kemampuan debitur sebelum penetapan sanksi. Keempat, restrukturisasi yang direkomendasikan sebagai langkah awal penyelesaian berbasis syari’ah baru dilakukan setelah tiga kali keterlambatan sehingga denda menjadi respons utama. Penelitian ini berkontribusi secara empiris dengan memaparkan bukti komprehensif mengenai ketidaksesuaian normatif–praktis dalam pembiyaan syariah dan kepastian hukum, serta secara konseptual menegaskan pentingnya tata kelola kepatuhan untuk mewujudkan keadilan, transparansi, dan kesesuaian prinsip syariah].
Study of Digital Asset Inheritance: A Review of Contemporary Islamic Law in Indonesia Dody Pratama; Saipudin
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 22 No 02 (2025): Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro, Lampung, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/istinbath.v22i02.art03

Abstract

This study aims to examine the legality of digital assets from the perspective of Islamic law and Indonesian positive law, as well as to analyze their status as inheritance objects under contemporary Islamic law. The development of digital technology has given rise to new forms of wealth, such as cryptocurrency, NFTs, electronic wallets, and digital accounts with economic value, which do not yet have a clear legal status as inheritance objects in the national legal system or contemporary fiqh. This study uses a qualitative method based on a literature review with a normative-dogmatic approach to analyze the Qur'an, Hadith, fiqh rules, contemporary literature, and Indonesian regulations related to digital assets and economic rights. The results of the study show three main findings: (1) normatively, digital assets meet the criteria of māl mutaqawwam based on QS. al-Nisā' [4]:7; 11–12, the principles of al-aṣl fī al-asyyā’ al-ibāḥah, al-‘ādah muḥakkamah, and analogy to ḥuqūq māliyah, making them valid objects of inheritance; (2) the mechanism of digital inheritance requires asset inventory, access assurance through wills/digital executors, distribution in accordance with sharia provisions, and privacy protection as an implementation of the principle of ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ; and (3) there is a need for legal harmonization through the establishment of national regulations, the formulation of comprehensive fatwas, and the improvement of digital literacy among the public. [Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji legalitas aset digital dalam perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum positif Indonesia, serta menganalisis kedudukannya sebagai objek waris menurut hukum Islam kontemporer. Perkembangan teknologi digital melahirkan bentuk kekayaan baru seperti cryptocurrency, NFT, dompet elektronik, dan akun digital bernilai ekonomi yang belum memiliki kejelasan status hukum sebagai objek waris dalam sistem hukum nasional maupun fikih kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan normatif-dogmatis untuk menganalisis nash al-Qur’an, Hadis, kaidah fikih, literatur kontemporer, serta regulasi Indonesia terkait aset digital dan hak ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga temuan pokok: (1) secara normatif, aset digital memenuhi kriteria māl mutaqawwam berdasarkan QS. al-Nisā’ [4]:7; 11–12, kaidah al-aṣl fī al-asyyā’ al-ibāḥah, al-‘ādah muḥakkamah, dan analogi terhadap ḥuqūq māliyah, sehingga sah menjadi objek waris; (2) mekanisme waris digital mensyaratkan inventarisasi aset, penjaminan akses melalui wasiat/eksekutor digital, distribusi sesuai ketentuan syariah, serta perlindungan privasi sebagai implementasi prinsip ḥifẓ al-‘irḍ; dan (3) terdapat kebutuhan harmonisasi hukum melalui pembentukan regulasi nasional, penyusunan fatwa komprehensif, serta peningkatan literasi masyarakat digital].
Reformulation of Regional Administrative Law: A Study of Civil Servant Dispute Resolution in Local Government Ferika Nurfransiska; Dairani, Dairani; Yosep Heristyo Endro
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 22 No 02 (2025): Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro, Lampung, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/istinbath.v22i02.art05

Abstract

Civil service disputes within local governments are crucial issues that require an appropriate legal approach within the framework of state administrative law. In practice, the resolution of these disputes is often hampered by regulatory weaknesses and disharmony between the central and regional authorities. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of local administrative law related to civil service management, strengthen administrative law norms, and evaluate dispute resolution mechanisms. This study uses a normative juridical approach and literature review, focusing on the importance of synergy between the ASN Law, Government Administration Law, and regional regulations to create a fair, effective, and efficient dispute resolution system. This study found that the lack of clarity in authority and administrative procedures at the regional level hinders the resolution of ASN disputes. There is disharmony between the ASN Law, the Government Administration Law, and their implementing regulations, which weakens the role of the KASN and PTUN as institutions that guarantee administrative justice. In addition, limited institutional capacity and human resources in local government hinder the substantive implementation of administrative laws. [Sengketa kepegawaian di lingkungan pemerintah daerah merupakan isu krusial yang membutuhkan pendekatan hukum yang tepat dalam kerangka hukum administrasi negara. Dalam praktiknya, penyelesaian sengketa ini sering terhambat oleh kelemahan regulasi dan disharmoni antara kewenangan pusat dan daerah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik hukum administrasi daerah yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan kepegawaian, penguatan norma hukum administrasi, serta mengevaluasi mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan studi literatur, dengan fokus pada pentingnya sinergi antara UU ASN, UU Administrasi Pemerintahan, dan peraturan daerah untuk menciptakan sistem penyelesaian sengketa yang adil, efektif, dan efisien. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa lemahnya kejelasan kewenangan dan prosedur administratif di tingkat daerah menjadi faktor pemghambat penyelesaian sengketa ASN. Terdapat disharmonisasi antara UU ASN, UU Administrasi Pemerintahan, dan peraturan pelaksanaannya melemahkan peran KASN dan PTUN sebagai institusi penjamin keadilan administrasi. Selain itu, keterbatasan kapasitas kelembagaan dan sumber daya manusia di pemerintah daerah menghambat implementasi hukum administrasi secara substantif].
Effectiveness of Law in the Policy of Restricting the Operation of Goods Vehicles Annie Myranika; Dian Yulviani; Siti Humulhaer; Dwi Nur Afrianto
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 22 No 02 (2025): Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro, Lampung, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/istinbath.v22i02.art04

Abstract

Indonesia, as a country governed by the rule of law, places law as the primary instrument for ensuring certainty, justice, and benefit. In this context, Tangerang Regent Regulation No. 12 of 2022 was enacted as a strategic policy to reduce the rate of traffic accidents involving goods vehicles, especially dump trucks and heavy vehicles. However, its implementation faces various challenges. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of this regulation from both normative and empirical perspectives. This study uses an empirical legal method with a descriptive analytical approach. The research data were obtained through observation and interviews with the Transportation Agency officials and the Tigaraksa community. The results show that although the substance of the regulation is appropriate, its effectiveness is still hampered by limited personnel, monitoring facilities, and low legal awareness among truck drivers. However, there are supporting factors in the form of inter-agency coordination, community participation, and a decrease in violations at several vulnerable points. Overall, this study shows that the regulations have provided a relevant regulatory framework to reduce public transportation accidents, but their practical impact is still hampered by limitations in enforcement and infrastructure, thus requiring the strengthening of monitoring mechanisms and increasing drivers’ legal awareness. [Indonesia sebagai negara hukum menempatkan hukum sebagai instrumen utama dalam menjamin kepastian, keadilan, dan kemanfaatan. Dalam konteks tersebut, Peraturan Bupati Tangerang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 ditetapkan sebagai kebijakan strategis untuk menekan tingkat kecelakaan lalu lintas yang melibatkan mobil barang, terutama truk tanah dan kendaraan berat lainnya. Meskipun demikian, implementasinya masih menghadapi berbagai permasalahan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas regulasi tersebut dari aspek normatif maupun empiris. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum empiris dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara dengan aparat Dinas Perhubungan serta masyarakat Tigaraksa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun substansi peraturan telah sesuai kebutuhan, efektivitas penerapan masih terkendala oleh keterbatasan personel, sarana pengawasan, serta rendahnya kesadaran hukum pengemudi. Namun demikian, terdapat faktor pendukung berupa koordinasi antarinstansi, partisipasi masyarakat, serta adanya penurunan pelanggaran di sejumlah titik rawan. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa regulasi telah menyediakan kerangka regulasi yang relevan untuk menurunkan kecelakaan kendaraan angkutan, namun dampak praktisnya masih terhambat oleh keterbatasan penegakan dan infrastruktur, sehingga diperlukan penguatan mekanisme pengawasan serta peningkatan kesadaran hukum para pengemudi].
Beyond Conviction-Based Forfeiture: Legal Politics and Legislative Directions of Non-Conviction-Based Asset Forfeiture in the Recovery of Corruption Assets in Indonesia Geza Tristanti Wardani; Satya Graha Habibilah
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 22 No 02 (2025): Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro, Lampung, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/istinbath.v22i02.art08

Abstract

The low rate of asset recovery resulting from corruption shows that Indonesia's asset forfeiture regime, which is still oriented towards conviction-based forfeiture, has not been effective in addressing the complex and transnational nature of modern corruption. In the 2021–2023 period, state financial losses due to corruption reached hundreds of trillions of rupiah, while the rate of asset recovery still showed a significant percentage, especially when the perpetrators could not be prosecuted because they had fled, died, or were outside the jurisdiction, resulting in the state losing its authority to confiscate corrupt individuals’ assets. This study analyzes the legal politics of state asset forfeiture in corruption cases and assesses the urgency of implementing non-conviction-based asset forfeiture (NCB) in Indonesia’s legal system. This study adopts a normative juridical approach with legal political analysis through a review of legislation, court decisions, and relevant literature. The results of the study show that the stagnation in the ratification of the Asset Forfeiture Bill is not solely due to technical legislative issues but reflects a legal political configuration that still places the punishment of perpetrators as the main orientation, while asset recovery is not yet a legal policy priority. Additionally, the absence of a specific asset forfeiture law has led to an excessive reliance on conventional criminal mechanisms and created a legal vacuum in certain situations. This is exacerbated by institutional capacity constraints, weak coordination among law enforcement agencies, and suboptimal cross-border asset-tracing mechanisms. This study concludes that the implementation of non-conviction-based asset forfeiture (NCB) is urgently necessary to strengthen asset recovery in Indonesia, as long as it is designed within the framework of the rule of law, which guarantees judicial oversight and the protection of human rights. [Rendahnya tingkat pemulihan aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi menunjukkan bahwa rezim perampasan aset di Indonesia yang masih berorientasi pada conviction-based forfeiture belum efektif menjawab karakter korupsi modern yang kompleks dan transnasional. Dalam periode 2021–2023, kerugian keuangan negara akibat korupsi mencapai ratusan triliun rupiah, sementara tingkat pengembalian aset masih menunjukan nilai persentase yang signifikan, terutama saat pelaku tidak dapat diadili karena melarikan diri, meninggal dunia, atau berada di luar yurisdiksi sehingga negara kehilangan otoritasnya untuk merampas aset dari tindak pidana korupsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis politik hukum perampasan aset negara dalam perkara korupsi dan menilai urgensi penerapan Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture (NCB) dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan analisis politik hukum melalui kajian peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, serta literatur relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stagnasi pengesahan Rancangan Undang-Undang Perampasan Aset tidak semata disebabkan oleh persoalan teknis legislasi, melainkan mencerminkan konfigurasi politik hukum yang masih menempatkan pemidanaan pelaku sebagai orientasi utama, sementara pemulihan aset belum menjadi prioritas kebijakan hukum. Selain itu, ketiadaan undang-undang khusus perampasan aset menimbulkan ketergantungan berlebihan pada mekanisme pidana konvensional dan menciptakan kekosongan hukum dalam situasi tertentu, yang diperparah oleh keterbatasan kapasitas kelembagaan, lemahnya koordinasi antarlembaga penegak hukum, serta belum optimalnya mekanisme penelusuran aset lintas negara. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture (NCB) merupakan kebutuhan mendesak untuk memperkuat pemulihan aset di Indonesia, sepanjang dirancang dalam kerangka negara hukum yang menjamin pengawasan yudisial dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia].
Between Informality and Digital Platforms: The Position and Legal Protection of Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Indonesia's Urban Economy Muhammad Azkia Pasya; Abdul Mujib; Isna; Bakri Agus Wijaya; Salahuddin Asy-Syahid
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 22 No 02 (2025): Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro, Lampung, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/istinbath.v22i02.art09

Abstract

The development of the digital economy in Indonesia has given rise to new forms of informal employment, one of which is online motorcycle taxi (ojol) drivers who operate through digital platforms. Although they play an important role in supporting urban mobility and economic activity, the existing legal structure does not adequately protect these workers. This study aims to analyze the legal position of ojol drivers in the urban economic structure and examine how regulations and public discourse affect their legal protections. This study uses a qualitative approach with content analysis methods on legal documents, online media reports, and interviews with members of the online motorcycle taxi (ojol) driver community in Indonesia. The results show that the partnership scheme implemented by platform companies places drivers in a legally vulnerable position because they are not recognized as workers and lose access to basic labor rights. This ambiguity in legal status is exacerbated by the absence of responsive regulations at the national and regional levels. Under these conditions, the law tends to function as an instrument for legitimizing the dominance of platform corporations rather than as a means of protection and social justice. This research contributes to strengthening the socio-legal perspective in the study of digital economy law by viewing the law as an arena of power relations and providing an argumentative basis for the formulation of progressive and inclusive regulations to ensure the recognition and protection of the basic rights of online motorcycle taxi (ojol) drivers as part of the modern employment structure. [Perkembangan ekonomi digital di Indonesia telah melahirkan bentuk-bentuk pekerjaan informal baru, salah satunya adalah pengemudi ojek online (ojol) yang beroperasi melalui platform digital. Meskipun mereka memainkan peran penting dalam mendukung mobilitas perkotaan dan aktivitas ekonomi, struktur hukum yang ada tidak cukup melindungi pekerja ini. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis posisi hukum pengemudi ojol dalam struktur ekonomi perkotaan dan meneliti bagaimana regulasi dan diskursus publik memengaruhi perlindungan hukum mereka. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis konten pada dokumen hukum, laporan media online, dan wawancara dengan anggota komunitas pengemudi ojek online (ojol) di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skema kemitraan yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan platform menempatkan pengemudi dalam posisi hukum yang rentan karena mereka tidak diakui sebagai pekerja dan kehilangan akses terhadap hak-hak kerja dasar. Ketidakjelasan status hukum ini diperparah oleh ketidakhadiran regulasi yang responsif di tingkat nasional dan regional. Dalam kondisi ini, hukum cenderung berfungsi sebagai alat untuk melegitimasi dominasi perusahaan platform daripada sebagai sarana perlindungan dan keadilan sosial. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperkuat perspektif sosiologis-hukum dalam studi hukum ekonomi digital dengan memandang hukum sebagai arena hubungan kekuasaan dan memberikan landasan argumen untuk formulasi regulasi progresif dan inklusif guna memastikan pengakuan dan perlindungan hak-hak dasar pengemudi ojek online (ojol) sebagai bagian dari struktur ketenagakerjaan modern].
Pre-Project Selling of Apartment Developments: Reconstructing Project Completion Guarantees as a Form of Consumer Legal Protection in Condominium Housing Muhammad Zaki Mubarrak; Gusti Rian Saputra
Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Vol 22 No 02 (2025): Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia, Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Metro, Lampung, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/istinbath.v22i02.12535

Abstract

The practice of marketing apartment projects through pre-project selling schemes has become the dominant model for vertical housing development in Indonesia. Although formally legitimized by positive law, this practice carries structural risks, particularly project incompletion, which directly harms consumer interests. Existing legal protection is still contractual in nature through the Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) and relies on dispute resolution mechanisms after a default. Consequently, consumer protection is reactive and has not been able to guarantee the actual completion of housing projects. This study aims to examine the weaknesses of consumer protection in the pre-project selling scheme for apartment construction in Indonesia and to formulate the concept of project completion guarantees as a form of preventive legal protection. This study uses a normative legal research method with regulatory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The analysis focuses on Law Number 20 of 2011 concerning Flats, applicable contractual practices, and a comparative study of countries that have implemented escrow account mechanisms, financial guarantees, and public supervision in pre-construction housing transactions. The study results show that the absence of a project completion guarantee obligation leads to an unfair transfer of construction risk from developers to consumers. Therefore, this study proposes the reconstruction of the legal framework for apartment buildings in Indonesia through the institutionalization of a project completion guarantee based on a combination of guaranteed fund management and public supervision as part of Ius Constituendum. This approach is expected to strengthen consumer protection, increase legal certainty, and encourage the fair and sustainable governance of vertical housing developments. [Praktik pemasaran proyek apartemen melalui skema pre-project selling telah menjadi model yang dominan dalam pengembangan perumahan vertikal di Indonesia. Meskipun secara formal telah dilegitimasi oleh hukum positif, praktik ini mengandung risiko struktural, khususnya ketidakselesaian proyek, yang secara langsung merugikan konsumen. Perlindungan hukum yang ada saat ini masih bersifat kontraktual melalui Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (PPJB) dan bertumpu pada mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa setelah terjadinya wanprestasi. Akibatnya, perlindungan konsumen bersifat reaktif dan belum mampu menjamin terealisasinya penyelesaian proyek perumahan secara nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kelemahan perlindungan konsumen dalam skema pre-project selling pada pembangunan apartemen di Indonesia serta merumuskan konsep jaminan penyelesaian proyek sebagai bentuk perlindungan hukum preventif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan hukum. Analisis difokuskan pada Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2011 tentang Rumah Susun, praktik kontraktual yang berlaku, serta kajian perbandingan dari negara-negara yang telah menerapkan mekanisme rekening escrow, jaminan keuangan, dan pengawasan publik dalam transaksi perumahan pra-konstruksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiadaan kewajiban jaminan penyelesaian proyek telah menyebabkan terjadinya pengalihan risiko pembangunan secara tidak adil dari pengembang kepada konsumen. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengusulkan rekonstruksi kerangka hukum rumah susun di Indonesia melalui pelembagaan jaminan penyelesaian proyek yang berbasis pada kombinasi pengelolaan dana yang terjamin dan pengawasan publik sebagai bagian dari ius constituendum. Pendekatan ini diharapkan mampu memperkuat perlindungan konsumen, meningkatkan kepastian hukum, serta mendorong tata kelola pembangunan perumahan vertikal yang adil dan berkelanjutan.]

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