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INDONESIA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 19783019     EISSN : 20864094     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,091 Documents
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Genetic Diversity of the Endangered Endemic Anoa (Bubalus spp): Implication for Conservation Dwi Sendi Priyono; Dedy Duryadi Solihin; Achmad Farajallah; Bambang Purwantara
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 29 No. 5 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.29.5.586-596

Abstract

Anoa is an endemic ungulate in Sulawesi and its status now is endangered because the population continues to decline. Conservation genetics is one of the crucial issues in the anoa conservation strategy and action plan 2013-2022 document, but this genetic data is not yet available. To investigate and provide valuable information for conservation genetics measures, thirteen polymorphic microsatellites were used to analyze 20 adult anoa. Anoa has relatively low genetic diversity within populations (HO = 0.58), and high genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0157). Although the anoa population has a bottleneck signal (T.P.M: 0.019; P0.05), the bottleneck simulation results show that the loss of genetic diversity is being slow over the next 100 years (9.5%). We provide some recommendations for conservation genetics based on the findings in this paper, including monitoring and genetically mapping for other anoa populations due to bottleneck signals, establishing the founder of the ex-situ population by examining their genetic diversity status, maintaining and increasing the number of individuals in the ex-situ population to genetically safe population size, and managing anoa populations by avoiding inbreeding. In-situ and ex-situ conservation programs should be combined to maintain the genetic diversity of anoa.
Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Mangrove Species Rhizophora apiculata and Their Efficacy as Herbicides Za’aziza Ridha Julia; Nampiah Sukarno; Sintho Wahyuning Ardie; Irmanida Batubara; Soekisman Tjitrosoedirdjo; Mashuri Waite
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 29 No. 5 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.29.5.605-620

Abstract

Endophytic fungi play an important role on mangrove growth and development, however research on the endophytic fungi of the mangrove Rhizophora apiculata is limited. The endophytic fungi produce diverse bioactive compounds involved in the mangrove’s adaptation to varied biotic and abiotic stresses and could have applied uses in agriculture or medicine. The purpose of this research was to isolate endophytic fungi of Rhizophora apiculata mangrove and to study their activity as herbicides on the weed Gomphrena globosa. The fungi were isolated using the surface sterilization method and identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular characteristics using ITS regions of rDNA. Herbicidal activity of the fungal filtrates extracted by ethyl acetate were tested on seed germination and seedling growth of G. globosa. Five fungal isolates were obtained, namely Penicillium citrinum, Diaporthe eucalyptorum, Diaporthe musigena, Colletotrichum queenslandicum, and Diaporthe tectonae. All isolates were able to grow on PDA medium containing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 (% v/v) seawater concentrations, but the growth rate varied by species and seawater concentration. In general, all five isolates showed herbicidal activity by delaying seed germination and reducing shoot and root growth. P. citrinum showed the highest herbicidal activity compared to the other isolates. Analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of the crude extract of P. citrinum filtrate identified 7 main compounds: 3-Methoxy-2-methyl-cyclohex-2-enone, Cyclohexane-carbohexaldehyde, 6-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-2-oxo, Cyclopropane carboxylic acid, 1-(2-propenyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl ester, 2-Hydroxy-4-isopropyl-7-methoxytropone, Beta-Asarone, Oxane, 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-, and Diisooctyl-phthalate. These compounds should be studied further to determine which ones are responsible for the herbicidal activity.
Volatile Bioactive Compounds from Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64, an Endophytic Fungus Residing in the Leaf of Ocimum sanctum Mohd Taufiq Mat Jalil; Darah Ibrahim
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 29 No. 5 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.29.5.570-585

Abstract

Endophytic fungi are known as potential novel compound producers with promising antimicrobial activities. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the possible bioactive compounds present in the ethyl acetate extract of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in disc diffusion assay. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed with chloroform, acetone and ethyl acetate (1:2:1, respectively) used as a solvent system and nine spots with diverse polarities were obtained. The TLC chromatogram with the active spot was localized with bioautography assay and the finding revealed that the dark spot with an Rf value of 0.5882 showed good antibacterial activity against all test bacteria. The fraction F5 exhibited promising antibacterial activity upon partial purification of dark spot via column chromatography and the GC-MS analysis of fraction F5 resulted in the detection of a major compound, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester with 90% matching factor. Thus, this compound may greatly contribute to the antibacterial activity of the fraction and has the potential to be developed as an antibiotic. The findings indirectly indicate that fungal endophytes from the medicinal plant could be a potential candidate for bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical properties.
Ectoine and Hydroxyectoine from Halophilic Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Solar Saltern at Pejarakan Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali I Putu Parwata; Siti Maryam; I Nyoman Tika
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 29 No. 5 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.29.5.669-680

Abstract

The increased use of ectoine and hydroxyectoine in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals has led to the increasing demand for these bioactive compounds. This study aims to investigate the production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine by halophilic bacteria isolated from traditional solar saltern at Pejarakan Village, Buleleng Regency, Province of Bali, Indonesia. The halophilic bacteria were grown from the brine and the sediment samples using Luria Bertani media. The production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine was determined by inoculating the bacteria in MM63 media containing 12% w/v NaCl. Ectoine and hydroxyectoine were then extracted from the bacterial cells using a mixture of methanol/chloroform/water (10/5/4). Finally, the ability of the bacteria to excrete ectoine and hydroxyectoine was investigated using the osmotic downshock technique. The results showed that a total of 88 halophilic bacteria have been isolated which showed varied salt tolerances from 0 to 27.5% w/v. Most of the bacteria (86 isolates) were able to grow in MM63 media, suggesting the potential of the bacteria producing ectoine and hydroxyectoine. Further investigation showed that 33 selected halophilic bacteria were able to produce ectoine and hydroxyectoine with levels of 9.1 to 301.8 mg/L and 3.9 to 122.1 mg/L, respectively. All the bacteria were also able to excrete ectoine and hydroxyectoine after the osmotic downshock process with levels of 9.8 to 277.5 mg/L and 14.3 to 122.7 mg/L, respectively. The best ectoine and hydroxyectoine-producing bacteria showed the closest homology relationship with Salinivibrio costicola and Salinivibrio kushneri. Our study has found several promising candidates for ectoine and hydroxyectoine producers.
Crude Oil Biodegradation Potential using Acinetobacter baumannii CYA20 and Bacillus subtilis CYA27 from the Bekasi Coast, Indonesia Christy Nur Cahyani; Andes Ismayana; Mohamad Yani
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 29 No. 5 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.29.5.701-711

Abstract

The pollution of coastal areas caused by oil spills is an environmental issue that needs further attention. Crude oil contains persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are difficult to degrade. This study aimed to isolate bacterial strains capable of degrading crude oil from the Bekasi coast through bacterial isolate characterization and crude oil biodegradation tests using a crude oil-enriched microcosm model. Two strains with higher TPH degradation values were selected among the isolated bacteria, namely CYA20 and CYA27, which specifically showed values of 46% and 66%, respectively. These strains were tolerant to NaCl concentrations of up to 4% and 12%, respectively, and they were also tolerant to pH values ranging from 5 to 9 and temperatures between 10°C and 50°C. Both strains were shown to utilize POPs, such as phenanthrene and fluorene, produce biosurfactants, and exhibited an emulsification activity in paraffin ranging from 0.373 to 0.533. Phylogenetic analyses identified these bacterial strains as Acinetobacter baumannii CYA20 and Bacillus subtilis CYA27, respectively. The results of this study indicate that these isolates could be developed as biodegradation agents for the bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated environments.
Pollination by Three Species of Stingless Bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) Increase Seed Set of Mustard (Brassica rapa L.: Brassicaceae) Asmini Asmini; Tri Atmowidi; Sih Kahono
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 29 No. 5 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.29.5.712-719

Abstract

Pollination and fertilization are critical factors in horticultural cultivation to increase seed production. In this study, we measured the visiting activity and pollination of three species of stingless bees, i.e., Tetragonula laeviceps, Lepidotrigona terminata, and Heterotrigona itama in mustard (Brassica rapa). Visiting activity of stingless bees were observed in mustard plants caged by an insect screen. The observations were done visually per hour, starting from 07:00 until 16:00, using the focal sampling method. The visiting activities observed were flower handling time, foraging rate, and total visit per plant. We also measured the pollen load of each stingless bee species. Results showed the highest foraging rate occurred in H. itama (28.38 flowers/5 minutes), followed by T. laeviceps (27.88 flowers/5 minutes), and L. terminata (27.85 flowers/5 minutes), respectively. The longest flower handling time was found in H. itama (40.15 seconds), followed by T. laeviceps (35.25 seconds), and H. terminata (34.84 seconds). Whereas, the highest total visiting time occurred in H. itama (40.10 minutes), followed by T. laeviceps (37.47 minutes), and L. terminata (36.76 minutes). Heterotrigona itama has a highest pollen load (36,650 pollen grains), followed by L. terminata (26,940 pollen grains), and T. laeviceps (9,700 pollen grains), respectively. Pollination by the stingless bees increase 27-40% the number of pods per plant, 32-72% the number of seeds per pod, 32-54% of seed weight per pod, and 18-36% of seed germination of mustard.
The Occurrences of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Wild Shrimps Caught from Barito Estuary, South Kalimantan, Indonesia Herliwati Herliwati; Mijani Rahman; Achmad Syamsu Hidayat; Ulil Amri; Ika Sumantri
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 29 No. 5 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.29.5.643-647

Abstract

The research investigated the occurrences of heavy metal (Pb, Cu, and Cd) in waters, sediments, and wild shrimps collected from the Barito River estuary. Water and sediment samples were collected from 11 study sites by purposive sampling. At the same time, shrimps samples were captured around the sites. The study showed low levels of heavy metals in water samples; those were: Cd<0.0019 mg/L, Cu<0.001 mg/L, and Pb<0.0019 mg/L. Low levels of heavy metals were also detected in sediment samples, those were Cd <0.24 mg/kg, Cu <0.013-0.69 mg/kg, and Pb<0.024 mg/kg. Heavy metals contaminations were detected in Parapenaeopsis sculptilis, those were Cd = 2.802 mg/kg; Cu = 3.399 mg/kg, and Pb = 1.294 mg/kg. In Acetes japonicus, the heavy metals concentration were Cd = 2.127 mg./kg, Cu = 5.518 mg/ kg, and Pb = 2.723 mg/kg. In Penaeus merguiensi, the heavy metals concentrations were Cd = 8.598 mg/kg, Cu = 6.403 mg/kg, and Pb = 5.433 mg/kg. This study indicated the increases of heavy metals concentrations from water to sediment and finally into the shrimps. The presence of heavy metals in shrimps indicated the bioaccumulation of toxic metals, especially for Pb and Cd concentrations which exceeded the tolerable limit according to JECFA.
Metabolite Bioactive Contents of Parkia timoriana (DC) Merr Seed Extracts in Different Solvent Polarities Venty Suryanti; Atmira Sariwati; Fita Sari; Desi Suci Handayani; Hamdan Dwi Risqi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 29 No. 5 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.29.5.681-694

Abstract

Parkia roxburghii G.Don seeds have popular folkloric ethnomedicinal use in the treatment of many diseases especially in Indonesia. Methanol, distilled water, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts from the seeds of Parkia roxburghii were assayed for secondary metabolism quantitative, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial and activities as well as determined the presence of phytochemical constituents. The extracts were investigated for antioxidant possession by DPPH free-radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’ Azinobis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid) scavenging ability, Antidiabetic potential was invitro assayed by α-amylase inhibition and α-glucosyde inhibition while antibacterially by applying the disk diffusion procedure, as well as refined for the attendance of bioavailable phytochemical components. The result showed the existence of phytochemical components in diverse extracts could attribution free scavenging, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities. The qualitative results all extracts of Parkia roxburghii seeds have expressed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoids, saponins and tannin whereas, methanol, distilled water, and n-hexane extracts expressed the presence of anthraquinones, The entire phenolic contents were examined as attested by the Follin-Ciocalteu methods, which varied from 43.82 - 137.42 mg GAE/g. The entire flavonoid compounds were measured with aluminum chloride colorimetric procedure, which varied from 20.42 – 45.90 mg QEDW/g. The total phenolic compound were measure Follin Ciocalteu which varied from 43.82-137.42 mg/g. The alkaloid, saponin, tanic acid, terpenoid and cardiac glycoside quantitative were measured with spectrofotometri UV-VIS which varied from 16.34 – 48.90 mg for alkaloid. The Saponin content varied 1.76 – 16.04 mg/g. Tanic acid which varied 0.21 – 7.29 mg/g. Terpenoid which varied 50.12 – 91.02 mg/g. Cardiac glycoside which varied 7.24-36.53 mg/g. The potential antioxidant were measured with ABTS and DPPH method, the methanol extract is the potential antioxidant. Antidiabetic potential were measured with alfa amylase and alfa glucosyde inhibition, the best antidiabetic is methanol extract. The potential antibacterial and antifungal was the methanol extract for Eschericia Coli and Candida Albicans. The conclusion established the tremendous perspective of the Parkia roxburghii seeds as another option fountain of food supplement, as well as drug components.
Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplement on the Semen Quality in Human Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency Hayder H. Abed; Aamer M. Ali; Zahrah S. Mahdi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 29 No. 5 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.29.5.562-569

Abstract

Male fertility is a complicated process that can be hampered by a variety of lifestyle factors. This study aims to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 deficiency on the semen quality and also to study the quality changes in the semen of patients with vitamin D3 deficiency, after supplementation with vitamin D3 for a month. This present study included 112 participants, who were classified into two groups according to the serum level of vitamin D3 (normal and deficiency groups). The semen was analyzed by the physical examination of both groups; also this study included follow-up patients with vitamin D3 deficiency, who were supplied with 5,000 IU of vitamin D3. The results showed a significant decrease in the motility of sperms in patients with vitamin D3 deficiency (27.16%±2.497%) compared to the standard group (36.71%±2.892%), and an increase in sperm motility in patients who consumed vitamin D3, after being followed up for a month (37.19%±2.836%). Moreover, the result showed a high and significant increase in the rate of deformities of sperms in patients with vitamin D3 deficiency (18.67%±1.074%) compared to the standard group (13.68%±0.8131%) and a decrease in the rate of deformities of sperms in patients who took vitamin D3 supplement for a month (13.54%±0.8116%). The study concluded that patients with a supplement intake of vitamin D3 had an effect on the semen quality, especially the motility and deformity of sperms in vitamin D3-insufficient men.
Ecological Studies of Epiphytic Diatom on Eucheuma denticulatum (Rhodophyta) thallus Cultivated in Horizontal Floating Cage Ma’ruf Kasim; Ade Winesti; Wa Nurgayah; Abdul Muis Balubi; Wardha Jalil
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 29 No. 5 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.29.5.597-604

Abstract

Epiphytic diatoms are phytoplankton groups commonly attached to substrates such as macroalgae. This study analyzes the community structure and diversity of epiphyte diatoms attached to Eucheuma denticulatum cultivated using the horizontal floating cage method. Six thalli of E. denticulatum propagules were taken randomly from each station. The samples were analyzed and identified in the laboratory. The research results clarified that epiphytic diatom composition consisted of 3 classes, two orders, 38 genera, and 79 species. The three classes that have been found include class Coscinodiscophyceae (10 genera) with percentages ranging between 8-34%, class Fragillaryophyceae (12 genera) with percentages ranging between 34-46%, and class Bacillariophyceae (16 genera) with percentages ranging between 26-46%. The uniformity index was 0.8287-0.9286, which is considered relatively high. The dominance species index was 0.0644-0.2055, categorized as low. Fluctuations in water's physical and chemical factors have no significant effect on the growth of diatom epiphytes in the thallus of E. denticulatum.

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