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Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia
Published by Utan Kayu Institute
ISSN : 27456498     EISSN : 27458008     DOI : https://doi.org/10.47679/makein
Core Subject : Humanities, Health,
Humanities Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia (MAKEIN) with registered ISSN 2745-6498 (Print) and ISSN 2745-8008 (online), is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes material on all aspects of public health science. This MAKEIN provides the ideal platform for the discussion of more sophisticated public health research and practice for authors and readers worldwide. The priorities are originality and excellence. The journal welcomes high-impact articles on emerging public health science that covers (but not limited) to nursing and midwifery, epidemiology, biostatistics, nutrition, family health, infectious diseases, health services research, gerontology, child health, adolescent health, behavioral medicine, rural health, chronic diseases, health promotion, evaluation and intervention, public health policy and management, health economics, occupational health and environmental health.
Arjuna Subject : Keperawatan - Keperawatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 122 Documents
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Exploring The Triad of Sleep, Pain and Mental Health in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review Marsella Ayudya Maharani; Aditya Denny Pratama
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026322

Abstract

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis is a prevalent spinal deformity linked to back pain, psychosocial burden, and diminished quality of life. Recent evidence indicates that sleep disturbances represent a significant comorbidity in this population. This systematic review synthesises current findings on the prevalence of sleep disturbances, associated factors such as pain and mental health, and their impact on quality of life among adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar identified studies published from January 2020 to October 2025. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising six cross-sectional, two case-control, one pilot, and one qualitative study, with sample sizes ranging from 11 to 19,315 participants. The prevalence of poor sleep quality ranged from 64.8% to 75.5%. Back pain and depressive symptoms were consistently associated with sleep disturbances. Short sleep duration (less than 8 hours) emerged as a potential risk factor, while brace treatment was associated with poorer sleep outcomes. Evidence also suggested an increased risk of sleep-disordered breathing. Overall, sleep disturbances, pain, and psychological distress frequently co-occur and are associated with reduced quality of life. However, these conclusions should be interpreted with caution, as no formal quality assessment of the included studies was performed.
Prevalence, Trends, and Projections of Overweight and Obesity Among Children and Adolescents in Indonesia, 1993–2050: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies Azza Fithra Alhanifa; Tresna Ananda Dewi Purbasari; Putu Cintya Denny Yuliyatni
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026326

Abstract

Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are growing public-health challenges with long-term consequences for noncommunicable disease burden. This study primarily aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity among Indonesian school-aged children and adolescents; secondarily, we examined temporal trends and estimated number of cases through 2050. We conducted a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies up to 10 September 2025. Pooled estimates used random-effects models with heterogeneity assessed by I2. Publication bias was explored and adjusted using trim-and-fill when indicated. Subgroup analyses included sex, school level, and period. Temporal trends were modelled with Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and projected to 2050 using national demographic data. A total of 152 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of combined overweight and obesity was 18.13% (95% CI: 15.02–21.71%); obesity alone 7.49% (95% CI: 5.89–9.47%); overweight alone 11% (95% CI: 10–13%). Substantial between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 77.5–99.9%) was observed. Higher prevalence was found in boys and primary-school children. ARIMA projections indicate an increase in combined prevalence to 23.02% by 2050. About one in five Indonesian children and adolescents are affected by overweight or obesity with projected increases, highlighting the urgent need for targeted, multisectoral prevention strategies, especially at primary-school age, to curb future noncommunicable-disease burden. However, given the high between-study heterogeneity consistently observed across all categories, these estimates and projections should be interpreted cautiously as indicative rather than definitive figures.
Factors Associated with Maternal Behavior in Complementary Feeding Practices among Mothers of Children aged 6–24 months Athanasia Astuti; Sri Mulyanti
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026329

Abstract

This issue is important to address because appropriate complementary feeding (MP-ASI) plays a crucial role in supporting child growth and development as well as preventing stunting. Maternal behavior in complementary feeding practices significantly determines the quality of nutritional intake during the child’s critical growth period. However, complementary feeding practices are still influenced by various factors, including cognitive and sociodemographic aspects. Therefore, it is important to examine whether these factors are associated with maternal behavior within the context of primary health care services. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal characteristics—namely knowledge, attitude, age, education, and occupation—and complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–24 monthsin the working area of Gambirsari Public Health Center, Surakarta. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The study subjects consisted of mothers with children aged 6–24 months. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique. The variables examined included independent variables (maternal knowledge, attitude, age, education, and occupation) and the dependent variable (complementary feeding behavior). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering respondent characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and feeding practices. Data analysis was performed using the Fisher’s Exact test with a 95% significance level (α = 0.05). A total of 34 mothers participated in the study. Most respondents demonstrated good complementary feeding behavior (94.1%), while all respondents had good knowledge (100%). No statistically significant association was observed between maternal attitude (p=0.595), age (p=0.437), education (p=0.795), occupation (p=0.792), and complementary feeding behavior. Knowledge could not be analyzed because all respondents were classified in the same category. Based on the findings of this study, continuous efforts are recommended to improve the quality of education and support provided to mothers regarding complementary feeding practices. Such efforts should not only focus on enhancing maternal knowledge but also take into account other factors beyond individual characteristics that may influence feeding behaviors. Furthermore, future studies are encouraged to explore additional factors that were not examined in the present study, such as family support, cultural influences, and access to health information.
Formulation and Determination of Spf (Sun Protection Factor) Mulberry Leaf Extract Spray Gel Preparation (Morus Nigra L.) As Sunscreen in Vitro Diah Kartika Putri; Mila Naura Shalsabila; Salsabila Salsabila; Riska Nur Aeni; Rena Tiyarma Sari; Afina Rizky Ramadhani; Annajim Daskar; Wina Safutri; Vicko Suswidiantoro; Debby Heldayani
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026334

Abstract

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with a wide range of adverse skin effects, including erythema, photoageing, and an increased risk of skin cancer, highlighting the need for effective photoprotective formulations. This study aimed to formulate a spray gel containing mulberry leaf (Morus nigra L.) extract and to evaluate its in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) alongside its physicochemical characteristics. Mulberry leaf extract was incorporated into spray gel formulations at concentrations of 0.75% (F1), 3.75% (F2), and 6.75% (F3). All formulations were prepared in triplicate and evaluated for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spray pattern, and in vitro SPF using the UV–Visible spectrophotometric method based on the Mansur equation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene tests followed by appropriate non-parametric analysis when assumptions of normality and homogeneity were not satisfied (p < 0.05). The mean SPF values obtained were 25.09 (Ultra), 25.74 (Ultra), and 36.98 (Ultra) for F1, F2, and F3, respectively, demonstrating a concentration-dependent increase in photoprotective activity. All formulations exhibited acceptable physicochemical characteristics for spray gel preparations throughout the evaluation period. Among the tested formulations, F3 (6.75%) produced the highest in vitro SPF value. These findings indicate that Morus nigra leaf extract possesses promising in vitro photoprotective potential for spray gel formulations. However, further stability, photostability, skin compatibility, and in vivo studies are required before practical application can be recommended
Enhancing Flood Disaster Knowledge and Preparedness among Health Vocational Students: Evidence from a School-Based Education Program Rina Wijayanti; Dina Raidanti; Wahidin Wahidin; Septia Dwi Lestari
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026340

Abstract

Flood disasters are frequent hydrometeorological hazards in Indonesia and may disrupt school safety, learning continuity, and students’ health. This study examined whether flood disaster preparedness education was followed by improvements in students’ knowledge and preparedness and analyzed the association between both variables at Letris Indonesia 2 Health Vocational School, Tangerang. A quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted among 30 students who completed all stages of the study. The intervention consisted of three 60-minute educational sessions covering flood causes, early warning signs, evacuation procedures, emergency kits, emergency communication, first aid, post-flood sanitation, and disease prevention. Data were collected using validated and reliable questionnaires. Because score differences were not normally distributed, pretest–posttest changes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, while the association between knowledge and preparedness was examined using Spearman’s rho. Students’ knowledge increased significantly from a median of 60.00 to 82.00 (Z = -4.72, p < .001, r = 0.86). Preparedness also increased from a median of 52.00 to 78.00 (Z = -4.78, p < .001, r = 0.87). Knowledge was strongly associated with preparedness (rho = 0.871, p < .001). Flood disaster preparedness education was associated with short-term improvements in students’ knowledge and self-reported preparedness.
Early Warning System through Artificial Intelligence in Intensive Care: A Diagnostic Meta-Analysis of Mortality, Deterioration of Consciousness, and Neurological Outcome Stefanus Erdana Putra; Baarid Luqman Hamidi; Benedictus Benedictus; Muhammad Hafizhan; Tyasno Koeshermanto; Retnaningsih Retnaningsih; Abdulloh Machin
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026347

Abstract

Prognostication in neurocritical care remains challenging due to patient heterogeneity and the limitations of static conventional scores. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) models as retrospective predictive and prognostic frameworks, assessing their potential utility as clinical early warning systems (EWS). Conducted via PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SCOPUS per PRISMA guidelines, the study evaluated deterioration of consciousness, mortality, and neurological outcomes. Out of 20 included studies, 18 were meta-analyzed. For mortality prediction, AI demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 0.569, specificity of 0.810, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 9.620, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.698. In predicting deterioration in consciousness, AI achieved a pooled sensitivity of 0.648, specificity of 0.901, DOR of 38.346, and AUC of 0.796. For neurological outcomes, the pooled sensitivity was 0.864, specificity 0.865, DOR 45.566, and AUC 0.858. AI models demonstrate high accuracy in predicting long-term neurological outcomes and acceptable performance in predicting short-term deterioration in consciousness, but remain highly limited and offer no clear advantage over conventional scoring for ICU mortality. These retrospective findings provide a robust foundation for future prospective designs, though widespread clinical integration is not yet warranted.
Treponema pallidum Rapid Test Screening Results Among Laboring Women: Associations With Parity and Gestational Age at Delivery Firel Ferliandy Jabiy; Muh. Syafri Busra; Hamdiah Ahmar; Rachmawati Abdul Hafid; Tuti Sukini
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026349

Abstract

Syphilis during pregnancy can cause vertical transmission and adverse perinatal outcomes when not detected and treated early. The Treponema pallidum Rapid Test (TP Rapid) is used for syphilis screening within the Triple Elimination Program, particularly among pregnant and laboring women with unclear antenatal screening status. This study aimed to examine the association of parity and gestational age at delivery with TP Rapid screening results among laboring women at Sele Be Solu Regional Hospital, Sorong City, in 2024. This analytic observational study used a cross-sectional design and secondary data from medical records, delivery registers, and laboratory registers. A total of 762 laboring women were included through total sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses, including the Chi-square test and measures of association. Reactive TP Rapid results were found in 148 women (19.4%), whereas 614 women (80.6%) had nonreactive results. Parity was not significantly associated with TP Rapid results (p = 0.459). However, reactive TP Rapid results were more frequent in preterm than non-preterm deliveries (PR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.78–3.12; OR = 3.09; 95% CI: 2.10–4.55; p < 0.001). Because TP Rapid is a treponemal screening test and this study used a cross-sectional design, reactive results should not be interpreted as active syphilis or causal evidence for preterm birth. Universal syphilis screening, confirmatory testing, treatment, newborn evaluation, and strengthened medical record documentation are recommended.
Patient-Centered Care Communication and Patient Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients: Evidence from Structural Equation Modeling Novita Gemalasari Liman; Abdul Gani Sidqi; Taufan Nugroho; Ayu Laili Rahmiyati; Haddan Dongoran
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026346

Abstract

This study examined the associations between patient-centered care (PCC)-based communication and patient understanding, engagement, satisfaction, and adherence among individuals with cardiovascular disease at Pakuhaji Hospital, Indonesia. A quantitative cross-sectional analytic design was employed. Data were collected from 100 cardiac patients using validated structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS, including confirmatory factor analysis and structural path analysis. The measurement model demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability. Among PCC indicators, verbal communication and shared decision-making showed the strongest contributions, whereas interactive education showed the weakest contribution. Structural analysis indicated that PCC-based communication was not significantly associated with patient understanding (β = −0.155, p = 0.160). However, the model identified a significant sequential indirect pathway, in which understanding was positively associated with engagement, engagement was associated with satisfaction, and satisfaction was associated with adherence behavior. The overall model demonstrated acceptable goodness-of-fit indices, supporting its structural adequacy. These findings suggest that PCC-based communication is associated with patient outcomes through a sequence of interrelated constructs rather than through direct associations with adherence. Strengthening patient comprehension and engagement may be relevant for improving downstream behavioral outcomes in cardiovascular care.
Patient Characteristics Associated with Medication Adherence Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Care: A Cross-Sectional Study Andi Hasram; Hardini Tri Indarti; Oman Hendi; Briefman Tampubolon
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026350

Abstract

Medication adherence is essential for effective self-management in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet its association with routinely measured patient characteristics may vary across healthcare settings. This study examined sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with medication adherence among patients with T2DM receiving oral antidiabetic therapy in primary care. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 84 patients at a primary care clinic in Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia, using accidental sampling. Medication adherence was assessed with the Indonesian version of the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and categorized as low, moderate, or high. Bivariate associations were tested using chi-square analysis, followed by ordinal logistic regression. Participants had a mean age of 53.45 ± 11.75 years, and 69.0% were female. Low, moderate, and high adherence were reported by 29.8%, 39.3%, and 31.0% of participants, respectively. Adherence differed significantly across age groups (p=0.032) and diabetes-duration categories (p=0.018) in bivariate analyses. The proportional-odds assumption was satisfied (p=0.092), and the overall ordinal regression model was significant (likelihood-ratio χ²=12.13, df=5, p=0.033). However, no individual adjusted association reached statistical significance. Age ≥60 years (aOR=2.55; 95% CI: 0.90–7.27; p=0.079) and diabetes duration ≥5 years (aOR=2.41; 95% CI: 0.91–6.38; p=0.077) showed higher estimated odds of greater adherence. Routine patient characteristics alone may be insufficient to identify adherence difficulties, supporting individualized assessment of medication-taking barriers in primary care. Abstrak: Kepatuhan minum obat merupakan komponen penting dalam pengelolaan mandiri yang efektif pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2), namun hubungannya dengan karakteristik pasien yang secara rutin diukur dapat bervariasi antarsetting pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara karakteristik sosiodemografis dan klinis dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien DMT2 yang menerima terapi antidiabetik oral di pelayanan kesehatan primer. Penelitian analitik dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan terhadap 84 pasien di sebuah fasilitas pelayanan primer di Cimahi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Kepatuhan minum obat diukur menggunakan Morisky Medication Adherence Scale delapan item (MMAS-8) versi Indonesia dan dikategorikan menjadi tingkat kepatuhan rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Hubungan bivariat dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan regresi logistik ordinal. Rerata usia peserta adalah 53,45 ± 11,75 tahun dan 69,0% berjenis kelamin perempuan. Kepatuhan rendah, sedang, dan tinggi masing-masing ditemukan pada 29,8%, 39,3%, dan 31,0% peserta. Pada analisis bivariat, tingkat kepatuhan berbeda secara signifikan menurut kelompok usia (p=0,032) dan kategori durasi diabetes (p=0,018). Asumsi proportional odds terpenuhi (p=0,092), dan model regresi ordinal secara keseluruhan signifikan secara statistik (likelihood-ratio χ²=12,13; df=5; p=0,033). Namun, tidak ada hubungan teradjustasi individual yang mencapai signifikansi statistik. Peserta berusia ≥60 tahun memiliki estimasi peluang yang lebih tinggi untuk berada pada kategori kepatuhan yang lebih tinggi (aOR=2,55; 95% CI: 0,90–7,27; p=0,079), demikian pula peserta dengan durasi diabetes ≥5 tahun (aOR=2,41; 95% CI: 0,91–6,38; p=0,077). Karakteristik pasien yang diukur secara rutin saja kemungkinan belum cukup untuk mengidentifikasi masalah kepatuhan, sehingga diperlukan penilaian individual terhadap hambatan dalam penggunaan obat di pelayanan kesehatan primer.
Dietary Exposure to Harmful Chemicals and Health Outcomes in Children: A Systematic Review Delto Tanesab; Ayu Windy Malisa Menno
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026353

Abstract

Children may be exposed to hazardous chemicals through contaminated foods or chemicals introduced during food production, processing, storage, and packaging. However, evidence on dietary chemical exposure and child health remains fragmented. This systematic review synthesized evidence on food-related chemical exposure and health outcomes in children. PubMed and Scopus were searched for primary studies published between 2016 and 2026. Eligible studies included children or adolescents younger than 18 years, assessed dietary or food-related chemical exposure, and reported health outcomes or biological responses. Studies were excluded if they lacked relevant outcomes, focused on non-dietary exposure, included adults only, or investigated microbial contaminants. Of 838 records identified, 23 studies met the eligibility criteria. These examined endocrine-disrupting chemicals and plasticizers, mycotoxins, metals and metalloids, fluoride, melamine, processing-related contaminants, natural plant toxins, and chemical mixtures. Seventeen studies reported direct health outcomes, and six reported intermediate biological responses. Associations involved growth, neurodevelopment, cognitive and pubertal development, cardiometabolic risk, dental outcomes, renal and oxidative stress biomarkers, immune and microbiome responses, respiratory and allergic outcomes, and clinical toxicity. The strength and consistency of associations varied across chemical-outcome relationships. Overall, substantial heterogeneity, methodological limitations, and limited evidence for several chemical-outcome pairs constrain causal interpretation.

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