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Hamid Mukhlis
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Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia
Published by Utan Kayu Institute
ISSN : 27456498     EISSN : 27458008     DOI : https://doi.org/10.47679/makein
Core Subject : Humanities, Health,
Humanities Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia (MAKEIN) with registered ISSN 2745-6498 (Print) and ISSN 2745-8008 (online), is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes material on all aspects of public health science. This MAKEIN provides the ideal platform for the discussion of more sophisticated public health research and practice for authors and readers worldwide. The priorities are originality and excellence. The journal welcomes high-impact articles on emerging public health science that covers (but not limited) to nursing and midwifery, epidemiology, biostatistics, nutrition, family health, infectious diseases, health services research, gerontology, child health, adolescent health, behavioral medicine, rural health, chronic diseases, health promotion, evaluation and intervention, public health policy and management, health economics, occupational health and environmental health.
Arjuna Subject : Keperawatan - Keperawatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 106 Documents
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Case Report: A Protracted Journey to Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis – A Call for Enhanced Clinical Vigilance Sana Abbas
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026284

Abstract

To illustrate features of diagnostic delay in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and underscore the value of multisystem integration in primary care. It also highlights cognitive and system factors that prolong recognition of rare autoimmune disease in resource-limited settings, including delayed referral. A 37-year-old female healthcare professional in Pakistan underwent a 13-year diagnostic odyssey marked by persistent xerosis/photosensitivity, recurrent ectopic pregnancies, Raynaud’s phenomenon, profound weight gain, fatigue, and later inflammatory symptoms. Severe COVID-19 (Delta variant) in July 2021 precipitated acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and prompted imaging that revealed interstitial lung disease (ILD). Autoimmune testing showed antinuclear antibodies (ANA) 1:320 with a nucleolar pattern and anti–topoisomerase I (anti–Scl-70) positivity. High-resolution computed tomography demonstrated bilateral basal ground-glass opacities with traction bronchiectasis consistent with a non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern, supporting SSc-associated ILD. The patient was started on mycophenolate mofetil (2 g/day) with a tapering course of prednisolone, leading to clinical stabilization and preserved pulmonary function on follow-up. Persistent Raynaud’s phenomenon with subtle skin changes should trigger early ANA screening; recurrent obstetric complications may signal systemic vasculopathy; and anchoring bias can delay diagnosis when symptoms are treated in isolation rather than as a unified syndrome.
Determinant Factors Influencing the Performance of Health Workers at Karang Rejo Primary Health Center, Tarakan City Sri Wahyu Ekowati; Byba Melda Suhita; Prima Dewi Kusumawati
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026310

Abstract

Run optimally. The calculation of the need for health workers is usually based on several things, such as the type of disease that is widely encountered in the community, the number and burden of services that must be handled, the availability of health facilities, and certain ratios or standards that have been set. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of reinforcement, competence and workload on the performance of health workers at the Karang Rejo Health Center, Tarakan City. The design of this study is an observational quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The total population was 146 respondents while the sample of 107 respondents was taken using the Simple Random Sampling technique. Based on the results of the Ordinal Regression analysis, it is known that the variables of reinforcement, competence, and workload partially have a significant influence on the performance of health workers at the Karang Rejo Health Center, Tarakan City, which is shown by the p-value of 0.016 for reinforcement, 0.007 for competence, and 0.016 for workload (p < 0.05), so that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. These findings show that the better the implementation of reinforcement provided by the leadership, the higher the level of competence that health workers have, and the more appropriate the workload management, the performance of health workers tends to increase. Thus, the performance of health workers is not only influenced by individual factors such as competence, but also by organizational factors in the form of reinforcement and workload, which together play an important role in supporting the improvement of the quality of health services at the Karang Rejo Health Center, Tarakan City.
Association of Wrist Ratio, Body Mass Index, and Hand Grip Strength with Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire Scores among Online Motorcycle Drivers Rulan Adnindya; Syarinta Adenina; Tri Suciati
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026300

Abstract

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common work-related musculoskeletal disorder associated with repetitive hand activities. Online motorcycle drivers are at increased risk due to prolonged gripping and repetitive wrist movements. Anthropometric factors and hand strength have been suggested as potential contributors to CTS, but evidence remains inconsistent, particularly in informal occupational groups. This study aimed to analyze the association between wrist ratio, body mass index (BMI), and hand grip strength with CTS symptoms based on the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ). An observational cross-sectional study was conducted involving 80 online motorcycle drivers selected using consecutive sampling. Wrist ratio, BMI, and hand grip strength were measured, while CTS symptoms were assessed using the BCTQ. Data was analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistical tests. CTS symptoms were identified in 48.8% of participants. A substantial proportion of participants were classified as overweight or obese (approximately 44%). Statistical analysis showed no significant association between wrist ratio, BMI, or hand grip strength and CTS symptoms (p > 0.05). Wrist ratio, BMI, and hand grip strength were not significantly associated with CTS symptoms among online motorcycle drivers. These findings suggest that CTS is a multifactorial condition influenced by factors beyond basic anthropometric and strength measurements.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Pometia pinnata Leaf Extracts Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction with Choline Chloride:Citric Acid Fasri Dian Safitri; Venty Wahyu Tariyani; Suhaera Suhaera; Nahrul Hasan; Putri Khaerani Cahyaningrum
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026313

Abstract

Bacterial and fungal infections, along with the rise of antimicrobial resistance, necessitate the exploration of novel natural antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Pometia pinnata leaf extracts obtained using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) combined with a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) system based on choline chloride:citric acid, and to compare it with conventional methods. Various NADES molar ratios were tested to determine optimal conditions based on Total Phenolic Content (TPC) using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Bacillus cereus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Malassezia furfur using disk diffusion and solid dilution methods. The results showed that the 1:3 molar ratio yielded the highest TPC (72.77±0.52 mg GAE/g). The NADES extract exhibited specific antibacterial activity against B. cereus (10.90±3.26 mm), while ethanol extracts were more effective against S. dysenteriae (11.78±0.98 mm). Against M. furfur, the NADES extract at 1,000 µg/disc demonstrated comparable activity to maceration at 6,000 µg/disc, with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 3,571 µg/mL. In conclusion, choline chloride:citric acid (1:3) NADES is an optimal green solvent for producing phenolic-rich extracts with specific and dose-efficient antimicrobial activity.
Factors Associated With Family Caregivers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Home-Based Geriatric Care in Primary Healthcare: A Cross-Sectional Study Gemini, Savitri; Lipoeto, Nur Indrawati; Machmud, Rizanda; Murni, Arina Widya
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026324

Abstract

Family caregivers play a central role in home-based geriatric care, especially in settings where institutional long-term care remains limited. However, caregiver capacity may vary according to socio-demographic, relational, and service-related factors. This study aimed to identify factors associated with family caregivers’ knowledge and attitudes toward home-based geriatric care in a primary healthcare context. A quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from September to December 2025 in two Puskesmas working areas in Batam City, Indonesia. A total of 326 family caregivers were recruited using proportional sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using univariate analysis, Chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Most caregivers had low knowledge (86.5%) and negative attitudes (61.0%) despite reporting high communication patterns and positive perceptions of healthcare facility quality. Bivariate analysis showed that economic status, caregiving duration, communication pattern, and perceived quality of healthcare facilities were significantly associated with knowledge, whereas economic status, communication pattern, and perceived quality of healthcare facilities were associated with attitudes. In the multivariate model, only caregiving duration (AOR = 15.790; p < 0.001) and communication pattern (AOR = 0.157; p = 0.013) remained independently associated with caregiver knowledge. No independent predictors were identified for attitudes. These findings indicate that caregiver knowledge was more strongly associated with experiential and relational factors, particularly caregiving duration and family communication. Structured, family-centered, and nurse-led interventions in primary healthcare may help strengthen caregiver preparedness in home-based geriatric care. Abstrak: Caregiver keluarga memainkan peran sentral dalam perawatan geriatri berbasis rumah, terutama di lingkungan yang layanan perawatan jangka panjang institusionalnya masih terbatas. Namun, kapasitas caregiver dapat bervariasi menurut faktor sosiodemografis, relasional, dan faktor terkait layanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pengetahuan dan sikap caregiver keluarga terhadap perawatan geriatri berbasis rumah dalam konteks pelayanan kesehatan primer. Penelitian kuantitatif analitik dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan dari September hingga Desember 2025 di dua wilayah kerja Puskesmas di Kota Batam, Indonesia. Sebanyak 326 caregiver keluarga direkrut menggunakan proportional sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat, uji Chi-square, dan regresi logistik multivariat. Sebagian besar caregiver memiliki pengetahuan rendah (86,5%) dan sikap negatif (61,0%) meskipun melaporkan pola komunikasi yang tinggi dan persepsi positif terhadap kualitas fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa status ekonomi, lama merawat, pola komunikasi, dan persepsi terhadap kualitas fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan pengetahuan, sedangkan status ekonomi, pola komunikasi, dan persepsi terhadap kualitas fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan berhubungan dengan sikap. Pada model multivariat, hanya lama merawat (AOR = 15,790; p < 0,001) dan pola komunikasi (AOR = 0,157; p = 0,013) yang tetap berhubungan secara independen dengan pengetahuan caregiver. Tidak ditemukan prediktor independen untuk sikap. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan caregiver lebih kuat berhubungan dengan faktor pengalaman dan relasional, khususnya lama merawat dan komunikasi keluarga. Intervensi yang terstruktur, berpusat pada keluarga, dan dipimpin oleh perawat di pelayanan kesehatan primer berpotensi membantu memperkuat kesiapan caregiver dalam perawatan geriatri berbasis rumah.
The Complex Intersection: Barriers to Gender Affirmation Surgery and Mental Health in Pakistan's Transgender Community Abbas, Sana; Saqib, Usman
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2026303

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the structural barriers to accessing gender affirmation surgery (GAS) and evaluate the resulting impact on the mental health of transgender individuals in Pakistan. Conducted through a cross-sectional survey from January to March 2025, the study engaged 500 transgender individuals across five major Pakistani cities: Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar, and Quetta. Data were gathered via a structured questionnaire encompassing demographics, healthcare barriers, and mental health metrics. Mental health indicators, including depression (42%), anxiety (38%), and PTSD (21%), were documented based on participant self-report of formal clinical diagnoses received prior to the study. The results reveal a stark reality: only 9% (n=45) of respondents had successfully undergone full GAS, while a substantial majority (61%, n=305) expressed a strong desire for the procedure but faced insurmountable obstacles. The most prominent barriers identified were the prohibitive high cost (73%) and a critical lack of specialized surgeons (56%). A mental health crisis is evident, with 74% of participants reporting regular symptoms of distress. A statistically significant association was established between the desire for surgery and heightened mental distress (x2 = 17.94, df = 1, p < 0.001), with a Cramer’s V of 0.19, indicating a moderate effect size. This research highlights a systemic failure at the intersection of healthcare, socio-legal policy, and mental health support, calling for urgent reforms such as financial subsidies and the integration of transgender health into medical education.

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