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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Forensic Toxicology Analysis of Suicidal Hanging Deaths in Eastern Province-Saudi Arabia Naglaa F. Mahmoud; Maha K. Al-Mazroua; Moustafa M.Afify; Sahar Y. Issa
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14850

Abstract

Background: Suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon with multiple underlying risk factors, including alcoholand/or abuse of other drugs and psychiatric illnesses. Toxicological analysis is of crucial importance even inhanging deaths where the cause of death seems to be ‘obvious’. Objective: To investigate hanging suicidedeaths, focusing on toxicological findings in their postmortem specimens, over a period of six years in theEastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The suicidal hanging deaths in the period from 2014 to 2019were retrospectively studied from autopsy and toxicology analysis reports. Results: Of the investigated 75hanging suicides, 64 (85.3%) were males and 11 (14.7%) were females. Most of the cases were in the agegroup between 31 and 40 years of age (36%). Non-Saudi nationals (57, 76%) much prevailed over Saudipeople (18, 24%) and the highest is the Indian population (27, 36%), followed by Saudi nationals (18, 24%).Ethanol was the commonest detected substance in the studied specimens (45, 60%). Cannabis ranked thesecond (14, 18.6%) followed by antipsychotic drugs (10, 13.3%) and amphetamine (7, 9. 3%).Conclusion:The precise statistical mortality database for hanging suicides deaths may provide a valuable evidence forthe importance of postmortem toxicology analysis and the role of alcohol and its effect on the aggressivebehavior, human health and mortality. In the current study, Ethanol was the highest detected substance in thestudied specimens (45, 60%), with predominance of non-Saudi Indian males.
BCL-2 Gene Expression association with Breast Cancer Susceptibility of Iraq Population Najwa Shihab Ahmed; Mahmood Al-Mualm
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14851

Abstract

Breast cancer is a significant illness in the world. Molecular methods are important and essential for thediagnosis of breast cancer. Many of the genes with expression modification, such as the Bcl-2 gene, areexplicitly encoding an anti-apoptotic protein and thus known as oncogene.A total of 55 patients with breastcancer divided into( 25 Stage 0 , 15 Stage IA, and15 Stage IB), and 25 control group were enrolled in thisstudy, age range of 35 – 60 years old the samples were collected from Al-Eluia hospital for woman care,oncology teaching hospital.RNA were extracted and then converted to cDNA to perform real time- PCRdone for those samples to detect the gene expression.Expression of gene in the study is higher levels inmalignant group stage IB, following stage IA ,and stage0 and the fold of expression was 10.00 time higherthan the control group, significantly higher in the third grade of breast tumor samples with Ct (22.14) of thefirst grade with CT (25.63) and the second with CT (24.07). According to the results of the study that the useof molecular methods in measuring the expression of Bcl-2 gene may help to diagnose the disease and maybe considered that the Bcl2 gene is molecular tool for the early detection of breast cancer.
Effect of Home based Parent Child Interaction Therapy for families Having Children with Disruptive Behavior Problems at Selected Community of Khurda, Odisha, India Namita Barik; Kshirabdhi Tanaya
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14852

Abstract

Background: Disruptive and inappropriate behaviors of children are actions that interfere with theinstructional, administrative or service functions of the organization and family or school. In the early livesof children the significant risk factors for occurrence of antisocial behavior and criminal activity are thepresence of oppositional and disruptive behaviors. Related to this concept ,current study was conducted withobjectives to identify the families having children with disruptive behavior problems ,to determine the effectof (parent child interactive therapy) PCIT on disruptive behavior level ,to find out the association betweendisruptive behavior of the children with selected demographic variable.Materials and Methods: A quasi –experimental study was carried out with total 40 number of samplesby using total enumeration sampling technique.The intervention was carried out under the guidance ofguide and experts.Each Individual was exposed to the therapy for duration of 1 hour,twice a week . ChildDirected Session 30 MIN and Parent Directed Session 30 mins. Total no.of 5 session was carried out. Aftercompletion of intervention ,changing behaviour was assessed by eyeberg scale.Result: Study concluded that in experimental group 90% children shown mild disruptive behavior and 10%children found moderate disruptive behavior before giving intervention , and after intervention 10% childrendid not show any disruptive behavior and ,90% children had mild disruptive behavior . And there wasstatistically significant association between disruptive behavior of children with type of family, education offather, education of mother .Conclusion: There was significant difference between the scores of pre-test and post -test level of disruptivebehavior of the children in experimental group as ’p’ value (0.025*) at 0.05 level of significant.
The Monomer Elution of Bulk-Fill Sculptable Composite and Flowable Composite after Photopolymerization Nanik Zubaidah; Adioro Soetojo; Kun Ismiyatin; Karina Erda Saninggar; Hendri Eko Wahyudi; Sylvia; Sandra Kartika Sari
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14853

Abstract

Introduction: Composite resins have excellent mechanical properties, including fast polymerization,aesthetic quality, easy handling, and the ability to adhere to the enamel surfaces. However, there are alsosome disadvantages from this material, one of them is residual monomers. Bulk-fill composite resins areavailable in sculptable (solid) and flowable (liquid) form. Most composite resin matrix is aromatic oraliphatic acrylates. Bis-GMA, UDMA, and TEGDMA are the matrix monomers that are commonly used butshow a high cytotoxicity level. They also have poor mechanical properties such as wear resistance, hardness,tendency to change color, and may cause pulp reactions. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate thenumber of residual monomers in bulk-fill sculptable and flowable composites in the submersion of 75%ethanol solution (10 minutes, an hour, and 24 hours). Methods: Sculptable and flowable composites wereused in this study. Samples (4 mm thick, 5 mm diameter) were prepared and polymerized for 10 secondswith an intensity of 1025 mW / cm2 of a light emitted diode (LED). After the sample was made, each samplewas immediately immersed in a 75% ethanol solution as an extraction liquid and stored in amber-coloredbottles at room temperature. Samples were taken as many as 7 cc at intervals of 10 minutes, an hour, and 24hours. Samples were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The data obtainedwere analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test, Independent T-Test and Mann-Whitney Test at a significancelevel of p <0.05. Result: The amount of elusion remaining monomers of the bulk-fill flowable compositewas higher than bulk-fill sculptable composite. UDMA composite of bulk fill flowable submersed in 75%ethanol solution for 24 hours was the highest among other monomers. Conclusion: Residual monomerseluted inside bulk-fill composite resins in all time periods and the amount of eluted monomers increaseswith time.
Factors Affecting Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Complaints in Spring Production Workers Nisrina Tiara Sani; Noeroel Widajati
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14854

Abstract

Introduction : Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are one of the occupational diseases with complaints thatfelt in the skeletal muscle. Musculoskeletal complaints can occur in any sector of work. one of the sector isin informal sector workers. The aim of this research was to analyze the relation between individual factorswith occupational factors on musculoskeletal complaints in spring production workers.Methods : This research was an observational research with cross sectional approach. The sample in thisresearch was 23 respondents in the production unit. Sampling in this research was conducted by totalpopulation. Data of respondent characteristics musculoskeletal complaints were obtained through interviewsconducted to respondents by filling out standardized questionnaires. Work posture data were analyzed usingRapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and musculoskeletal complaints data were analyzed using theNordic Body Map (NBM) method. Statistical tests were analyzed using the Contingency Coefficient test.Results : The results of the research to 23 respondents showed that the majority of respondents as manyas 15 respondents (65.21%) had MSDs complaints in the high pain severity category. Risk factors relatedto Musculoskeletal Disorders complaints were age. smoking habit. sex. nutritional status. works duration.work posture and physical workload. The data obtained were analyzed using the Contingency Coefficienttest.Conclusion : Factors causing Musculoskeletal Disorders that had the strongest relationship were odd ornon-ergonomic work posture of workers (r = 0.632) with positive relation direction. meaning that the higherthe risk of work posture. the higher the risk for experiencing MSDs complaints.
Study And Evaluation of the Inhibitory Efficacy of Extracts of Sumbucus Nigra Flower and Tribulus Terrestris Fruits Against The Growth of Bacterial Species Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infection Noor Mudher Younis; Mujahid Khalaf Ali
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14855

Abstract

This study was conducted to isolate and diagnose the most important bacterial types causing urinary tractinfection from the inpatients and outpatients to Salah El Din General Hospital using routine isolation anddiagnosis methods. 70 samples were isolated, and the results showed two types of growth: Gram positivebacteria and Gram negative bacteria, where 10 bacterial types were isolated as follows:E. coli 42.85%, Kleibsiella. pneumonia 21.42% roteus mirabilis (11.42%), Staphylococcus aureus(7.14%), Enterobacter cloaca (5.71%), Serratia marcescens (2.85%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.85%),Staphylococcus Saprophyticus. 2.85%, Micrococcus luteus 1.42%, and Citrobacter freundii 1.42%.The results of the susceptibility test for 9 types of antibiotics using the discs method showed a change inthe level of resistance to different antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics were Imipenem, Ciprofloxacinand Sulfamethoxaole. Plant extracts (both aqueous and alcoholic) of Sambucus nigra and Tribulus terrestrisfruits were used, and tested for their ability to inhibit the most isolated bacteria (E. coli , K. pneumonia P.mirabilis and S. aureus ). All alcoholic extracts were effective in the direction of Bacterial isolates, whileaqueous extracts, have little or no effect.
Effect of Staphylococcus aureus Thermostable DNase on Some Immunological Parameters Noor Naeem Khwen; Sawsan Hassan Authman; Mohammed Faraj AL- Marjani
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14856

Abstract

Thermostable DNase was purified from Staphylococcus aureus isolated from local clinical source. Thecurrent study includes different immunological assays to evaluate the role of purified DNase. The phagocyticactivity showed that the group of mice infected with P.aeruginosa recorded the highest values with significantdifferences (P <0.05) in comparison with the group that received mixed injection of 1 µg /ml of DNase and P.aeruginosa showed decrease in phagocytic activity followed by group that injected by 1 µg /ml DNase onlywith phagocytic activity 2%. DNase has a positive immunomodulatory effect on IL-10 and IL-4 level. Thedata showed that the highest value of IL-10 is in group that injected with 1 µg /ml DNase only (IV group)was 86.79±1.68. While the highest value of IL-4 was in group that injected with both DNase (1 µg /mouse)and P.aeruginosa gave the highest values (III group) was 84.02 ±1.19. In Arthus reactions(Immediate typehypersensitivity), the group that have been injected with both DNase and P. aeruginosa (group III ) gave thehighest values (4.50±0.70) while in delayed type hypersensitivity the same group III showed higher valuesafter 24 and 48 hrs (5.00±0.00) , (4.00±0.00) respectively.
Interpretive Ability on Common Haematological Tests and critical thinking ability among B.Sc Nursing students Norine Veera Mendonca; Latha T; Manjula
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14857

Abstract

Introduction: Initiation of patient management and prediction of patient prognosis depend on investigationreports. Interpretive ability of common blood investigations demands high level of critical thinking and itis a less focused in nursing education. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the relationship betweeninterpretive ability of common hematological tests and critical thinking ability among nursing students.Methods: The study design adopted was cross sectional descriptive survey. It was conducted among 140nursing students studying in third and fourth year of Bachelor of Science (B. Sc.) nursing. The data wascollected using demographic tool, interpretive exercises and Yoon’s Critical Thinking Disposition. Results:The median of interpretive ability score on common blood investigations was 13 (IQR – 11, 14). The meancritical thinking score of nursing students was 96 (SD 9.5). Analysis of the relationship between interpretiveability on common blood investigations and critical thinking ability revealed a weak positive correlation whichwas statistically not significant (r=0.141, p=0.096). There was a significant relationship between interpretiveability and intellectual eagerness (r=0.181, p=0.032) and intellectual fairness (r=0.174, p=0.039). Therewas a significant association between interpretive ability and academic performance of the students in theuniversity examinations (F=4.5, p=0.012). Interpretive exercises stimulate critical thinking among students.Conclusion: The students with high intellectual curiosity and intellectual fairness have good interpretiveability, and good academic performance improves ability to interpret common haematological tests.
Mental Health and Social Development of Prisoners as a Policy Implication of Correctional Institutions Nur Rochaeti; Irma Cahyaningtyas
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14858

Abstract

The problem in this research is to analyze the health and social development prisoners in Indonesian prisonsin the future. The research method used is juridical empirical, namely analyzing the formulation of policieson current correctional facilities and the health and social development of prisoners in Indonesian prisonsin the future. The results show that the current formulation policies in coaching prisoners are based onLaw No. 12 of 1995 concerning correction institutions. This policy has not fully provided the rights ofprisoners as assisted citizens. The number of prisoners currently in 33 Regional Offices of Law and HumanRights, only 6 Regional Offices is not overcrowded. This will affect the development of prisoners in prisons.Coaching carried out in prisons at this time has obstacles due to statutory factors, human resources in qualityand quantity as well as the legal culture of the community which has not provided optimal support for thedevelopment of prisoners both inside and outside of prisons. In the future, based on policy studies, it isnecessary to carry out reformulation and reconstruction related to the development of prisoners in prisons
A Retrospective Study to Assess the Risk Factors of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) among Patients Undergone Mechanical Ventilator Ojal Mridha; Pheba John; Madhura Nalawade; Seeta Devi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14859

Abstract

Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital acquired pneumonia or it is a lowerrespiratory tract infection which common occurs in patients who were kept on mechanical ventilation withendotracheal tube or tracheotomy for more than 48 hrs.Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the risk factors of ventilator associated pneumonia.Methods and Materials: This is a retrospective study conducted in a specialized surgical care unit of 57beds with 18 ICU beds; all patients who underwent the procedure of invasive mechanical ventilation formore than 48 hours. These patients were divided into two groups, group A has developed the VAP and groupB has not developed the VAP. Some certain risk factors were assessed among the patients who developedthe VAP with help of records.Results: Researchers have searched 100 patients’ data who were admitted and treated on mechanicalventilation. The percentage of the length of stay in the ICU with VAP is 64% and the patients without VAPis about 36%. The death rate was 54.2%, among VAP patients. About 53 % of the patients developed VAPwho had the previous hospitalization, 69 % of the patients developed VAP with previous history of steroidtreatment and 50 % of the VAP patients had undergone the surgical procedure and 84 % of VAP patients hadthe endotracheal tube or tracheotomyConclusion: In this study the patients who had undergone the MV developed VAP significantly withendotracheal tube or tracheotomy.

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