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The Formulation of Lotion Preparations of Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle) Ingenida Hadning; Putri Kurnyaningtyas; Muhammad Thesa Ghozali
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 1, No 1 (2020): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.010104

Betel leaf (Piper betle) contains an essential oil that has extreme antiseptic power (bactericidal and fungicidal). Betel leaf (Piper betle) can be used in the treatment of Tinea versicolor or known in the community as panu. However, its use in the form of leaves is considered impractical by the public and also difficult to obtain. This research formulated betel leaf (Piper betle) into lotion preparations, so its use in the community can be more practical. This study aims to determine the type and concentration of the suspending agent used to produce lotion preparations from betel leaf extract (Piper betle), which has optimal physical quality. This research was an experimental study. The distillation of betel leaf (Piper betle) was carried out to get essential oils. The essential oils of betel leaf (Piper betle), which was used as an active substance in formulations, was 5%. Suspending agents that were used in this study were Arabic gum with concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, and CMC Na, with concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%. The formulation of lotion preparations included organoleptic observation, pH test, homogeneity test, and adhesion test. Based on the physical quality test of the lotion preparations that had been conducted, it can be concluded that the lotion preparations of betel leaf extract with 20% concentration of Arabic Gum suspending agent had physical qualities in accordance with lotion dosage criteria.

Analgesic Activities of Ethanolic and Methanolic Extract of Ganitri Leaves (Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb): In vivo study Naelaz Zukhruf Wakhidatul Kiromah; Chondrosuro Miyarso; Yayu Krisdiyanti
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 2, No 1 (2021): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v2i1.12159

Pain is a feeling of discomfort caused by intense or destructive stimuli, which can affect your daily routine if left untreated. Pain can be treated with an analgesic. One of the plants that are considered to have analgesic effects is the leaves of the ganitri. This research aims to determine ethanol and methanol extracts' impact on decreasing analgesic activity and percent protection. The study began with collecting and processing the leaves of the ganitri into the ethanol and methanol extracts using the maceration method. The research was continued with in vivo analgesic activity testing of 24 mice induced by pain using 1% acetic acid. The induced mice were divided into eight treatment groups, where the mice in the first group served as a negative control group. In that group, they were given CMC at a dose of 0.5%. The second group was positive control, given mefenamic acid at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW. In contrast, the third until eighth groups were given ethanol and methanolic extracts of the ganitri leaves with consecutive doses of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW dan 400 mg/kg BW. Parameters measuring the effectiveness of the extracts used in this study included the amount of stretching, the percentage of analgesic power, and analgesic effectiveness. The results showed that the ethanolic and methanolic extract had the highest percentage of analgesic power at 400 mg/Kg BW amounted to 91,3% and 88,3%. Furthermore, based on the statistical analysis results using ANOVA, it was found that the ethanol and methanolic extracts of the leaves of the ganitri dosage of 400 mg/Kg BW had analgesic activity close to 500 mg/kg BW of mefenamic acid.

Clove Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) Edible Film Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Test against Streptococcus mutans Wida Ningsih; Afdhil Arel
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 2, No 1 (2021): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v2i1.11640

Clove oil contains eugenol as an antibacterial. Meanwhile, products containing clove oil have been widely used as toothpaste and mouthwash. In this study, clove oil was formulated in the form of edible film because it is practical, easy to use, and could be used without water like other oral hygiene preparations. The edible film is a thin layer film made of consumable materials used as a carrier of antibacterial compounds. Clove oil edible film was then formulated with clove oil concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% and determined for its antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Clove oil edible film preparations were evaluated under their physical properties, including friability, drying shrinkage, pH, thickness, and swelling ability. Antibacterial activity testing of clove oil edible film was conducted, employing the blood agar diffusion method against Streptococcus mutans. The physical evaluation of the clove oil edible film showed almost the same physical properties as the comparison (GF). Clove oil edible film test results revealed the greatest inhibition at F1 of 18.6 mm is more or less 0.577, F2 of 22.3 mm is more or less 2.081, and F3 of 25.3 mm is more or less 1.527. According to David and Stout, the inhibition activity of bacteria on F3 was categorized as a very strong group inhibition response. In addition, ANOVA test analysis results uncovered that the concentration of clove oil affected the inhibition of the Streptococcus mutans bacteria with a significance value of 0.000 (p less than 0.05). Also, Duncan's test exhibited that each concentration of clove oil had a significant difference in the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Antibacterial Activity of Fractions from Extract Ethanolic of Hylocereus Polyrhizus Peel Against E. Coli and S. aureus Tsania Khusnul Khotimah; Annisa Krisridwany; Salmah Orbayinah; Sabtanti Harimurti
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 1, No 2 (2021): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v1i2.11001

Peel of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one of the plants used as an antibacterial agent as it contains saponin triterpenoid compounds, flavonoid compounds, and alkaloid compounds which can have antibacterial activity. This research aims to determine the antibacterial effect of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol fraction of red dragon fruit’s peel against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by the concentration of 10mg/ml, 20mg/ml, 40mg/ml, 80mg/ml dan 160mg/ml. This research was conducted by using laboratory experiments. The simplicia was macerated with 96% ethanol and fractionated by n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The phytochemical screening of the fraction was n-hexane fraction containing saponin and alkaloid, while the ethyl acetate fraction contained saponin and flavonoid. Kanamycin was used as a positive control, while DMSO was used as a negative control. According to this research, the MIC value of ethanol fraction, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction were 80mg/ml, 20mg/ml, and 80mg/ml, respectively, for E. coli and all fractions were 10mg/ml for S. aureus. Based on the average diameter of the inhibition zone, the largest diameter zone in E. coli was ethyl acetate fraction with 160mg/ml concentration that was 10,33mm. Meanwhile, in S. aureus n-hexane fraction, it was 160mg/ml, which was 11,20mm. This result showed that the n-hexane fraction has good gram-positive activity while the ethyl acetate fraction has good activity on gram-negative.

Validation of UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Method of Quercetin in Ethanol Extract of Tamarind Leaf Erma Yunita; Deni Yulianto; Siti Fatimah; Tirsa Firanita
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 1, No 1 (2020): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.010102

Tamarindus indica L is a medicinal plant that has many benefits. One of the chemical compounds contained therein is the flavonoid quercetin type. The number of herbal products on the market makes the quality assurance of herbal products need to be done by performing the assay of the active compounds using validated methods. This study aims to validate the assay method quercetin in the extract of tamarind leaves. Tamarind leaf extract was macerated with hexane; then, it was re-macerated with 70% ethanol. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The assay was performed using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method, and parameter validation specified in this study, including linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy. Quercetin level obtained in extracts of tamarind leaves was at 21.52 mg/g. Based on the test method validation, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9999, the regression function coefficients (Vx0) was 0.59545%, LOD 0.1515 ppm, LOQ 0.4592 ppm, coefficient of variation precision was less than 2%, and recoveries range was in 97-103%.Tamarindus indica L is a medicinal plant that has many benefits. One of the chemical compounds contained therein is the flavonoid quercetin type. The number of herbal products on the market makes the quality assurance of herbal products need to be done by performing the assay of the active compounds using validated methods. This study aims to validate the assay method quercetin in the extract of tamarind leaves. Tamarind leaf extract was macerated with hexane; then, it was re-macerated with 70% ethanol. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The assay was performed using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method, and parameter validation specified in this study, including linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy. Quercetin level obtained in extracts of tamarind leaves was at 21.52 mg/g. Based on the test method validation, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9999, the regression function coefficients (Vx0) was 0.59545%, LOD 0.1515 ppm, LOQ 0.4592 ppm, coefficient of variation precision was less than 2%, and recoveries range was in 97-103%.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Dexamethasone in Rheumatic Pain Herbal Medicine Using Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) – Densitometry Desy Ayu Irma Permatasari; Novita Kurniasri; Muladi Putra Mahardika
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 2, No 1 (2021): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v2i1.12450

Chemical medicine is chemical substances that is used as the main ingredient of chemical drugs. This compound is usually added to herbal medicine preparation to strengthen the indication of the traditional medicine.Chemical medicine was prohibited from being added to traditional medicinal preparations. But in reality, a lot of medicinal herbs could have contained medicinal chemicals on the market sale. This purpose of this research was to know the chemical contamination of the dexamethasone also the concentration contained in the rheumatic pain herbal medicine. This research was used three kind of rheumatic pain herbal medicine sample to identify dexamethasone, the sample code is S1, S2, and S3. The analysis of qualitative method are organoleptic test, FTIR characteristic test, TLC evaluation. The analysis of quantitative were purposed to know the dexamethasone concentration contained on the rheumatic pain herbal medicine using TLC-Densitometric method. The result show that the three sample of rheumathic pain herbal medicine were contaminated by dexamethasone chemical medicine. Based on organoleptic test, the results show color, smell, and taste. Characterization of the dexamethasone using FTIR were to know functional groups of dexamethasone contained in the rheumatic pain herbal medicine sample, the functional groups of the sample S1, S2, and S3 were compared to dexamethasone standard. To identify of TLC method, obtained Rf value of dexamethasone standard and the sample, visualizing a stain color purple-fluorescence on the UV 254 nm. The analysis of quantitative dexamethasone concentration using TLC-Densitometric showed the presence of dexamethasone in the sample for S1, S2 and S3. The concetration of dexamethasone obtained of sample S1, S2, S3 were 1014.64 µg/g ; 131.15 µg/g ; 135.54 µg/g respectively.

Yellow Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.) Extract As Anti-Hypercholesterolemia Istianatus Sunnah; Erna Kustiyaningsih; Dian Oktianti
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 1, No 2 (2021): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v1i2.10819

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for various diseases, which is still a big problem in Indonesia. Yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.) is a plant containing flavonoids and terpenoids, which can be used as an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent. This study aims to analyze the activity and dosage of yellow pumpkin extract, which can be used as an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent to reduce total cholesterol levels comparable to simvastatin by 1.8mg/kg BW/day. This research is pure experimental research with a pre and post-test group design approach. The number of samples was 25 male Wistar rats induced by high-fat feed, quail egg yolk: pork oil (2:1) by 5 ml/200 gramBW/day for 7 days. The extract dosage range was 200, 400, 600 mg/kg BW/ day for 7 days. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA. The results showed that the administration of yellow pumpkin extract could reduce rats' total blood cholesterol levels with a dose of 600 mg/kg BW/day, comparable to simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg BW/day. The secondary metabolites of the extract were flavonoids and terpenoids. Extract of yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.) could reduce total blood cholesterol levels of rats. The dose of 600 mg/kg BW/day could reduce blood cholesterol levels in rats comparable to simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg BW/ day.

Stability Testing of Compounding Capsule Combination between Paracetamol and Tramadol in a Private Hospital Semarang Shirley Candra Kurniawan; Michael Raharja Gani; Sri Hartati Yuliani
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 1, No 1 (2020): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.010103

A combination of Paracetamol and Tramadol is used in mild to severe pain management. In a private Hospital Semarang, this combination is included in fast-moving drugs that it is frequently compounded and prepared in advance. The study aims to determine Beyond Use Date (BUD) in compounding capsules combination between Paracetamol and Tramadol samples. Beyond Use Date is a time limit indicating that a medicine beyond the expiration date must not be used and determined based on the results of stability testing. Samples were stored for 14 days in a tightly closed container far from direct sunlight in room temperature without AC (280C) and without silica gel, room temperature with AC (250C) without silica gel, and room temperature with AC (250C) with silica gel. Furthermore, samples underwent physical and chemical stability testing. Physical stability testing was conducted using organoleptic testing by observing direct changes from the powder color in capsules, capsules form, and scent on the samples. Meanwhile, chemical stability testing was conducted by determining the content of active ingredient from the samples using reversed-phase HPLC method and C18 as the stationary phase, methanol and aquabidest (40:60) as the mobile phase, wavelength 271 nm, flow rate 0.6 mL/min and injection volume 10 μL. The result shows that samples were physically stable for being able to retain the original physical properties showed by consistent powder color and capsules form, and there was no available scent. However, the chemical stability testing method was unable to separate and quantify the content of Paracetamol, Tramadol, and formed degradation products. It can be concluded that Beyond Use Date based on organoleptic and chemical stability testing for 14 days of compounding capsules combination between Paracetamol and Tramadol could not be determined. Nevertheless, this study showed favorable storage conditions in a tightly closed container far from direct sunlight in Room Temperature with AC (250C) with Silica Gel.

Identification of Secondary Metabolites and Antibacterial Activity of Non Polar Fraction from Heterotrigona itama Propolis Abdul Aziz; Veggy Nadya Yuliawan; Paula Mariana Kustiawan
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 2, No 1 (2021): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v2i1.12406

Propolis is one of the natural products produced by kelulut bees and is still not widely used. The type of stingless bee that is the prima donna in the community is Heterotrigona itama. This study aims to determine the phytochemical content of the n-hexane fraction of Heterotrigona itama bee propolis collected from Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan. The n-hexane fraction was obtained from the methanol extract of H. itama propolis by the liquid-liquid partition method. After obtaining the n-hexane fraction, the research continued with a qualitative phytochemical test to identify the compound and determine total phenolic. Antibacterial activity was determined by the agar well diffusion method with a serial concentration in Escherichia coli bacteria. Qualitative phytochemical analysis in the form of color changes showed that the n-hexane fraction of H. itama propolis contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. Based on the results, the total phenolic content of the n-hexane fraction sample was 490 mgGAE/100 g. It caused the n-hexane fraction to have lower phenolic content than the methanol extract (792 mg GAE100 g). Furthermore, this result indicated that the non-polar fraction was not substantial enough to extracted phenolic compounds. It correlated to the antibacterial activity of the n-hexane fraction, which was very weak (2 mm ± 1.5) at 200µg/mL concentration.

Acute Toxicity Study of the Combination of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Leave Extracts Nofran Putra Pratama; Kurnia Rahayu Purnomo Sari; Ririn Irma Marliana
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 1, No 2 (2021): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v1i2.9868

Azadirachta indica A.Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Merr.) are medicinal herbs widely used in traditional medicine. Recent research on the combination of these two plants showed aggressive antioxidant activity. The combination results can improve insulin and beta-cell morphology and can increase insulin expression. The variety of activities performed is the basis for conducting acute toxicity tests on the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. to increase public confidence in its efficacy and ensure the safety of its use. The acute toxicity test on the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. was carried out on female Wistar rats by following the 423 procedures of OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) Guideline with five groups of experimental animals, namely normal treatment, aquadest solvent treatment and 0.5 Na-CMC 0.5%, a separate treatment of the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss., a separate treatment of the ethanol extract of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr., and combination treatment of the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. and leaves of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Furthermore, it was proceeded by observing the liver of the experimental animals histopathologically. The acute toxicity test results utilizing the 423 procedures of the OECD did not confirm any death or signs of toxicity in the experimental animals, and histopathological observations did not show any major histopathological damage. Based on these results, according to Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS), the combination of the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. is included in the unclassified category 2,000 mg/kg BW.

Home Page

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Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Aji Winanta

Contact Email
ajiwinanta@umy.ac.id

Phone
+6282221556698

Journal Mail Official
jfaps2021@gmail.com

Editorial Address
K.H. Sudja Building G3, 2nd Floor, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jalan Brawijaya (Lingkar Selatan), Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Location
Kab. bantul,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Aji Winanta

Contact Email ajiwinanta@umy.ac.id

Phone +6282221556698

Journal Mail Official jfaps2021@gmail.com

Editorial Address K.H. Sudja Building G3, 2nd Floor, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jalan Brawijaya (Lingkar Selatan), Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Location Kab. bantul, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Aji Winanta

Contact Email
ajiwinanta@umy.ac.id

Phone
+6282221556698

Journal Mail Official
jfaps2021@gmail.com

Editorial Address
K.H. Sudja Building G3, 2nd Floor, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jalan Brawijaya (Lingkar Selatan), Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Location
Kab. bantul,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA