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Aji Winanta
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Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
ISSN : 27237648     EISSN : 2723763X     DOI : 10.18196
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
JFAPS focuses on various aspects of pharmaceutical sciences such as: Pharmaceutical Technology Pharmacology & Toxicology Pharmaceutical Chemistry Drug Discovery Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Herb Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 54 Documents
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Determining Caffeine in Fat-Burning Supplements Using Thin Layer Chromatography-Densitometry and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Muhammad Luthfi Maulana; Muhammad Theza Ghozali
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 1, No 1 (2020): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.010105

Abstract

There are so many ways to lose weight, such as consuming fat burner supplements to burn fat faster. A fat burner supplement consists of various ingredients, such as caffeine. Fat burner supplements are usually not registered in BPOM RI. This study aims to evaluate caffeine in fat burner supplements qualitatively and quantitatively. These supplements were analyzed in the pharmaceutical laboratory in Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)–Densitometry and UV–Vis Spectrophotometer. Sample preparation was conducted by separating caffeine from supplements by a separatory funnel with chloroform as an organic solvent. Qualitative analysis was carried out by TLC and analyzing standard spectrum, and sampling technique was carried out with UV–Vis Spectrophotometer. The first quantitative analysis used densitometry by measuring the spot on the TLC plate. Meanwhile, the second quantitative analysis used UV–Vis Spectrophotometer by observing absorbency value on samples with λ 273.5 nm. The result of the qualitative test using TLC was analyzed by comparing the Rf value of the standard and the sample. The Rf value of caffeine standard was 0.63, and every sample showed similar value with caffeine standard, indicating that all samples contain caffeine. The result of quantitative test with TLC - Densitometry method revealed 1st sample 5.68 mg/ml, 2nd sample 5.74 mg/ml, 3rd sample 3.43 mg/ml, 4th sample 8.90 mg/ml, and 5th sample 1.88 mg/ml. The qualitative test result was analyzed using the UV–Vis Spectrophotometer method, and all of the caffeine standard spectra can be read at wavelength 273.5 nm, which means all samples contain caffeine. The second quantitative test result analyzed by using UV–Vis Spectrophotometer method  showed 1st sample 3.22 mg/g, 2nd sample 4.56 mg/g, 3rd sample 2.23 mg/g, 4th sample 11.22 mg/g, and 5th sample 0.26 mg/g. It can be concluded that all samples (fat burners) contained caffeine.
Formulation and Optimization of Furosemide Snedds With Variation Concentration of Tween 80 and PEG 400 Sesilia Putri Nandita; Ilham Kuncahyo; Reslely Harjanti
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 2, No 1 (2021): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v2i1.12180

Abstract

Furosemide is a potent diuretic drug that has low bioavailability. Furosemide can be formulated into nanoemulsion preparations using the SNEDDS method to increase its bioavailability as SNEDDS can form stable nanoemulsions with droplet sizes is less than 200 nm. This study aims to identify the optimum formula for variations in the concentration of surfactant Tween 80 and cosurfactant PEG 400 based on the characterization tests of emulsification time, percent transmittance, and drug loading. The independent variables used in this study were Tween 80 and PEG 400. Seven furosemide SNEDDS formulas from the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method were tested for characterization in the form of emulsification time, percent transmittance, and drug loading. The characterization results were optimized using Simplex Lattice Design. The optimum formula was re-characterized, including emulsification time, percent transmittance, drug loading, particle size, zeta potential, and in vitro dissolution. The results were then compared with theoretical values and analyzed using the One-Sample T-test method. Optimization results showed Tween of 61.4922% and PEG 400 of 18.5078% with the characterization of emulsification time 15.25 seconds, percentage transmittance 94.20%, drug loading 50 100.2 ppm, particle size 12.18 nm. Furthermore, the zeta potential was -17.6 mV, and the in vitro dissolution rate reached 106.71% within 15 minutes.
Formula Optimization of Feminine Liquid Soap from Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) Extract Ingenida Hadning; Astri Yunika
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 1, No 2 (2021): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v1i2.10295

Abstract

Leucorrhoea is a condition frequently experienced by women. If it is not appropriately treated, it can become a more severe problem. Leucorrhoea is caused by “Candida albicans” fungus infection. Garlic (Allium sativum Linn) has antibacterial and antifungal activity, where garlic can inhibit the growth of the Candida albicans. This study aims to determine the optimal formulation of feminine liquid soap from garlic extract (Allium sativum Linn) with good physical quality; thus, garlic in treating Leucorrhoea can be practically easier. Optimization of liquid soap formulation used carbopol and sodium lauryl sulfate with various concentration variations. The method included organoleptic observation, pH, and specific gravity for one-month storage to obtain a good physical quality of liquid soap. The result showed that the formula with 10% sodium lauryl sulfate met the physical quality test requirements of feminine liquid soap; thus, the formulation of feminine liquid soap with 10% sodium lauryl sulfate was optimal.
The Chemopreventive Effects of The Combination Between Tea Leaf and Mandarine Peel Extract on Breast Cancer Cell Ega Hida Prabowo; Rifki Febriansah
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 1, No 1 (2020): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.010101

Abstract

The number of breast cancer patients is increasing high in the world. This study aims to determine the chemopreventive effect of a combination of ethanolic extracts of tea leaves and mandarin peel in silico and in vitro on T47D breast cancer cells. Extraction by the maceration method used ethanol solvent 70%. The research is an in silico molecular docking utilized software of Autodock Vina to determine the binding affinity of tangeretin compounds and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on HER-2 protein. The antioxidant test used the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method to determine the antioxidant activity of the combination of tea leaf and mandarine peel (CTM) extract. The in vitro test used the method of 3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-il) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to determine the value of IC50 fromCTM on T47D breast cancer cells. The result of this study showed that CTM had a vigorous antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 83 μg/ml. CTM had a weak cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 1889 μg/ml. Molecular tethering results of tangeretin and EGCG compounds produced a docking score of -6.6 and -5.0 kcal/mol with docking score proportion consisting of -4.9 kcal/mol of original ligand, -6.1 kcal/mol of doxorubicin and -4.5 kcal/mol of 5-fluorouracil. CTM had potential as a chemopreventive agent based on the robust antioxidant activity data on T47D breast cancer cells and molecular docking on the HER-2 protein.
Hair Tonic Formulation of Black Tea Extract (Camellia sinensis) as Hair Growth Nurul Arfiyanti Yusuf; Besse Hardianti; Rahma Rahma
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 2, No 1 (2021): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v2i1.12451

Abstract

Black tea contains flavonoid and its derivate which is a mechanism of actions to stimulate and increase cell proliferation of hair dermal papilla cell to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) that trigger baldness. This study aimed to determine the stable hair tonic formula and to investigate the effectiveness of black tea extract hair tonic in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) as animal testing. There were 3 different concentrations used in this study namely formula 1 (1.25 % of black tea extract), formula 2 (2.5 % of black tea extract) and formula 3 (5 % of black tea extract). The physical stability evaluation was conducted using some tests such as organoleptic, pH, density determination and viscosity test. The result of this evaluation showed that all the three formulas were stable, its effectiveness as hair restorer then was tested and the result of this test indicated that black tea extract has activity as a hair fertilizer and the optimum extract was shown by the formula 3 with black tea extract concentration of 5% with the hair growth in the 18th day i.e., 9.62 ± 0.365 mm.
Antimicrobial Test of 1-(2.5-Dihydroxi Phenyl)-(3-Pyridine-2-Il) -Propanone Compound in Enterococcus Faecalis and Escherichia Coli Bacteria Using a Well Diffusion Method Andy Eko Wibowo; Rivaldy Rifai Hatala; Awalludin M Edang
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 1, No 2 (2021): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v1i2.10983

Abstract

1-(2.5-dihydroxy phenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound is a compound synthesized by reacting the pyridine-2-carbaldehyde and 2.5-dihydroxyacetophenone compound without solvent with K2CO3 (Potassium Carbonate) catalyst in the microwave. The 1-(2.5-dihydroxy phenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound is a chalcone derivative compound substituted by two hydroxy groups on ring A and has 2-pyridyl groups on ring B. Chalcone is a secondary metabolite compound from the flavonoid group, which has several activities as anti-platelet, anti-bacterial, immunomodulator, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to determine the antibacterial effect of 1-(2.5-dihydroxifenil)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound against Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli bacteria. This study used TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) and Melting Point Test to analyze the purity of 1-(2.5-dihydroxy phenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound. Meanwhile, the test for antibacterial activity used a well diffusion method. Concentration variation for 1-(2.5-dihydroxifenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound as antibacterial in Escherichia coli were 0.25 mg/100 μl, 0.5 mg/200 μl, and 0.75 mg/300 μl. Meanwhile, the concentration variation for Enterococcus faecalis bacteria was 5%, 2.5%, 1.25% and was replicated three times. The results of the compound purity test using the melting point test and Thin Layer Chromatography (TCL) showed that the 1-(2.5-dihydroxy phenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound was pure. The results of the antibacterial activity test for 1-(2.5-dihydroxiphenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound showed no zone of inhibition at each test concentration. In conclusion, the 1-(2.5-dihydroxifenyl)-(3-pyridine-2-il)-propenone compound did not have an antibacterial effect on Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli bacteria.
Antioxidant Activity Evaluation from Tomatoes’ N-Hexane, Ethyl Asetate, and Water Fraction with DPPH Ratna Sari Dewi; Desy Ayu Irma Permatasari; Tatiana Siska Wardani; Muladi Putra Mahardika
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 2, No 2 (2022): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v2i2.13023

Abstract

Antioxidants are compounds that can stabilize free radicals in the body. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules as they have unpaired electrons to interact with body cell molecules. Tomatoes contain flavonoids, saponins, solanine tannins, folic acid, malic acid, citric acid, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and histamine, which can be used as antioxidants. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, water fraction, and ethanol extracts of Tomatoes and to determine the greatest antioxidant activity between n-hexane, ethyl acetate, water and vitamin C. Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) was extracted using the maceration method with ethanol  followed by fractionation using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. The test of antioxidant activity to DPPH radical was conducted on n-hexane, ethyl acetate, water, and vitamin C. The antioxidant activity results, expressed by IC50 value to the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, water fraction of Tomatoes fruit, were 4.4603 ppm; 4.0868 ppm; and 4.0527 ppm, respectively. Thus, the greatest antioxidant activity was the water fraction.
Screening of Phytochemical Secondary Metabolites of Muntingia Calabura: a Potential as Hepatoprotector Elasari Dwi Pratiwi; Niluh Puspita Dewi
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 2, No 2 (2022): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v2i2.12364

Abstract

Muntingia calabura is one of the plants employed to produce herbal-based treatments. Muntingia calabura leaves are traditionally used as an alternative medicine due to their secondary metabolites. The maceration method extracted Muntingia calabura leaves using 96% ethanol solvent for 3 x 24 hours. The fractionation process was carried out using a separating funnel method with different polarities, such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol-water. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to confirm the phytochemical screening. TLC conditions under UV light 254 and 366 nm using solvents, such as chloroform: methanol (alkaloids), butanol: acetic acid: water (flavonoids), chloroform:methanol: water (saponins), and chloroform: methanol (phenolic). The phytochemical screening results of extracts and Muntingia calabura fractions contained secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics. TLC results showed that n-hexane fraction contained flavonoid and saponin compounds; ethyl acetate fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and phenolic compounds; and ethanol-water fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolics. Muntingia calabura leaves indicated the potential as herbal medicine by containing secondary metabolites.
Comparison Between The Suspension and Capsule Preparation from Waste of Avocado Seeds As Antidiarrhea in Induced Mouse Saputri, Muharni; Zebua, Nilsya Febrika; Asih, Fivi Nur; Putri, Ghera Fakhira
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 2, No 2 (2022): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v2i2.13504

Abstract

Diarrhea is one type of disease with the most sufferers every year. Thus, it is considered an endemic disease in Indonesia and the potential disease of Extraordinary Events accompanied by mortality. One of the plants that can be used as a traditional medicine for diarrhea is the avocado seed, as it contains tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and glycosides, which act as antidiarrheals. This study aims to determine the antidiarrheal effect of avocado seed extract suspension on mice induced by Oleum ricini and the optimum concentration of avocado seed extract suspension and capsules with an antidiarrheal effect in white male mice induced by Oleum ricini. The dosage forms chosen were suspension and capsules. This study used an experimental method with a test sample of the avocado seed. Avocado seed Simplicia was extracted by the percolation method, then an oral suspension and capsule formulation were made from the avocado seed methanol extract. It was evaluated and tested for its effectiveness with mice to cure diarrhea. Normal data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tuckey Method. The results of this study showed that the administration of a suspension of avocado seed methanol extract at a dose of 800 mg/KgBB had the most optimum effect as an antidiarrheal against white male mice with a stool weight of 0.39 grams and a duration of diarrhea for 74 minutes. Furthermore, the administration of avocado seed extract capsules at a dose of 75 mg/KgBB had the most optimum effect as antidiarrheal against white male mice with Loperamide as a positive control. Therefore, it can be concluded that all suspension formulations and capsules of avocado seed methanol extract met the requirements for preparation evaluation. Suspension and avocado seed methanol extract capsules can cure diarrhea in white male mice.
Hematological Parameters in Subchronic Toxicity Test of Black Garlic Ethanol Extract in Rats Ellen Stephanie Rumaseuw; Yoppi Iskandar; Eli Halimah
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 2, No 2 (2022): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v2i2.13755

Abstract

The community has used black garlic since ancient times for hypercholesterolemic. Until now, people still consume both raw and cooked black garlic. Black garlic is included in processed garlic products. People on the Asian continent have used black garlic for the past 10 years. This study aims to determine the sub-chronic toxic effect of black garlic ethanol extract on male and female white rats using hematological parameters consisting of hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. This research method was a completely randomized design with the administration of ethanolic extract of black garlic to rats in 5 treatment groups, including a negative control group, a dose group of 1000 mg/kg BW, a dose group of 2000 mg/kg BW, a negative control satellite group and a satellite group with a dose of 2000 mg/kg BW. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level and SPSS version 20. The study results of black garlic ethanol extract showed no significant effect or were at normal levels on hematological parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of black garlic is safe for human use as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia.

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