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HUKUM ISLAM SEBAGAI SUMBER INSPIRASI DALAM PEMBENTUKAN HUKUM KEKELUARGAAN NASIONAL: SEBUAH TINJAUAN KRITIS Ramdani, M.Turmizi
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/2e9j9250

Islamic Law as a Source of Inspiration in the Formation of National Family Law: A Critical Review Abstract This study aims to examine the role of Islamic law as a source of inspiration in the formation of Indonesia’s national family law. The research employs a qualitative approach using library research methods. Secondary data were collected through a literature review and analysis of legal documents, including Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974 and the Compilation of Islamic Law (Kompilasi Hukum Islam/KHI). The findings indicate that Islamic law has made a significant contribution to regulating key aspects of family law, such as marriage, divorce, inheritance rights, maintenance, and child custody. Nevertheless, its implementation in practice faces several challenges, including differences in interpretation, issues of gender justice, and Indonesia’s cultural diversity. This article emphasizes the importance of harmonizing Islamic law with positive law to create a more just and inclusive family law system, as well as the need for adequate legal education to enhance public understanding of the principles of justice in Islamic law. Keywords: Islamic Law, Family Law, Indonesia, Gender Justice, Legal Harmoniza

Representasi Kekerasan Struktural dalam Film 24 Jam Bersama Gaspar Kurniawati, Resti; Sari, Novita Ika Purnama
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/172yc573

Ketimpangan sosial yang dialami kelompok marjinal sering kali tidak muncul sebagai kekerasan fisik, melainkan bekerja secara tersembunyi melalui sistem dan relasi kuasa yang dianggap wajar dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Film 24 Jam Bersama Gaspar merepresentasikan kondisi tersebut melalui narasi dan visual yang menampilkan penderitaan manusia sebagai akibat dari struktur sosial yang timpang. Penelitian ini secara eksplisit bertujuan untuk mengkaji representasi kekerasan struktural dalam film 24 Jam Bersama Gaspar serta alasan pemilihan film ini didasarkan pada kekuatannya dalam merefleksikan realitas sosial kelompok marjinal di ruang urban kontemporer. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan memosisikan film sebagai objek kajian. Data diperoleh melalui pengamatan terhadap adegan, dialog, dan simbol visual yang relevan, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce dengan merujuk pada teori kekerasan struktural Johan Galtung dan teori representasi Stuart Hall yang relevan dengan kajian budaya dan media serta telah banyak digunakan dalam penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya terkait ketimpangan sosial dan praktik dominasi simbolik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa film ini menggambarkan praktik eksploitasi, perdagangan organ, dan pemiskinan kelompok kelas bawah sebagai bagian dari mekanisme sosial yang berlangsung secara sistemik, yang direpresentasikan melalui tanda-tanda visual gelap, relasi kuasa timpang antartokoh, serta ruang sosial yang membatasi mobilitas dan pilihan hidup kelas bawah. Kekerasan tidak ditampilkan secara langsung, melainkan bekerja melalui struktur sosial dan ekonomi yang membatasi pilihan hidup tokoh-tokohnya. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa 24 Jam Bersama Gaspar berfungsi sebagai media kritik sosial yang mengungkap bentuk-bentuk kekerasan struktural dan mendorong kesadaran terhadap ketidakadilan sosial. Representations of Structural Violence in the Film 24 Hours with Gaspar Abstract Social inequality experienced by marginalized groups often does not manifest as physical violence but operates covertly through systems and power relations that are perceived as normal in everyday life. The film 24 Hours with Gaspar represents this condition through narrative and visual elements that depict human suffering as a consequence of unequal social structures. This study explicitly aims to examine the representation of structural violence in 24 Hours with Gaspar, with the selection of the film based on its strong capacity to reflect the social realities of marginalized groups in contemporary urban settings. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, positioning the film as the primary object of analysis. Data were collected through observations of relevant scenes, dialogues, and visual symbols, and analyzed using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic approach, referring to Johan Galtung’s theory of structural violence and Stuart Hall’s theory of representation which are closely connected to cultural and media studies and have been widely applied in previous research on social inequality and symbolic domination. The findings indicate that the film portrays practices of exploitation, organ trafficking, and the impoverishment of the lower class as part of systemic social mechanisms, represented through dark visual signs, unequal power relations between characters, and social spaces that restrict the mobility and life choices of the lower class. Violence is not presented explicitly but operates through social and economic structures that limit the characters’ life choices. This study confirms that 24 Hours with Gaspar functions as a medium of social critique that reveals forms of structural violence and encourages awareness of social injustice.

Tantangan Kepemimpinan Sekolah dalam Era Revolusi Industri 4.0: Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka Lubis, Agus Fadly Taqwan; Gusti, Tika Sylviani; Jalinus, Nizwardi; Ernawati, Ernawati; Yustisia, Henny
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/5y7ya160

Tinjauan pustaka ini menganalisis tantangan kepemimpinan sekolah pada era Revolusi Industri 4.0 serta implikasinya terhadap strategi transformasi digital di lingkungan pendidikan. Kajian dilakukan melalui penelusuran literatur pada berbagai basis data akademik dan snowballing, dengan batasan publikasi tahun 2015–2025. Dari proses seleksi, diperoleh 17 artikel utama yang dianalisis menggunakan sintesis tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan lima temuan kunci: (1) kesenjangan literasi dan kompetensi digital guru maupun kepala sekolah masih menjadi hambatan dominan; (2) keterbatasan infrastruktur, sistem manajemen berbasis teknologi, dan dukungan kebijakan internal mengurangi efektivitas integrasi teknologi; (3) resistensi budaya sekolah dan rendahnya kesiapan perubahan memperlambat adopsi inovasi digital; (4) kebutuhan kolaborasi, jejaring, dan kewirausahaan sekolah meningkat untuk memperkuat dukungan sumber daya serta kemitraan eksternal; dan (5) pengambilan keputusan berbasis data muncul sebagai kompetensi strategis baru yang belum merata. Kajian ini menegaskan urgensi kepemimpinan visioner, transformasional, adaptif, dan partisipatif sebagai pendekatan yang paling konsisten mendukung transformasi digital sekolah. Implikasinya, penguatan kapasitas SDM, tata kelola data, manajemen perubahan, dan investasi infrastruktur menjadi prioritas kebijakan dan praktik kepemimpinan sekolah. Challenges of School Leadership in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0: A Literature Review Abstract This literature review examines the challenges of school leadership in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and their implications for digital transformation strategies in educational settings. The review was conducted through a literature search across multiple academic databases and snowballing, limited to publications from 2015–2025. From the selection process, 17 core articles were identified and analyzed using thematic synthesis. The findings highlight five key results: (1) gaps in digital literacy and digital competence among teachers and school principals remain the dominant barrier; (2) limitations in infrastructure, technology-based management systems, and internal policy support reduce the effectiveness of technology integration; (3) resistance within school culture and low readiness for change slow down the adoption of digital innovation; (4) the need for collaboration, networking, and school entrepreneurship increases to strengthen resource support and external partnerships; and (5) data-driven decision-making emerges as a new strategic competence that is not yet evenly developed. This review underscores the urgency of visionary, transformational, adaptive, and participatory leadership as the approaches most consistently supporting school digital transformation. The implications are that strengthening human resource capacity, data governance, change management, and infrastructure investment should be prioritized in school leadership practice and policy.

Demokrasi Industri dan Pendidikan Vokasi dalam Membangun Budaya Partisipatif dan Keadilan Sosial di Dunia Kerja Kartini, Ridha; Gusti, Tika Sylviani; Lubis, Agus Fadly Taqwan; Abdullah, Rijal; Hidayat, Hendra
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/1rvpst35

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengintegrasian konsep Demokrasi Industri (DI) ke dalam pendidikan vokasi Indonesia untuk mengatasi keterbatasan pendekatan link and match yang terlalu instrumental. Meskipun model link and match berhasil mencetak lulusan yang kompeten secara teknis, ia gagal membekali mereka dengan kompetensi sosio-politik (seperti kesadaran hak pekerja, negosiasi, dan pemahaman hubungan industrial), membuat lulusan rentan dan minim partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan di tempat kerja. Konsep DI, yang menekankan prinsip kesetaraan, akuntabilitas, dan pembagian kekuasaan, terbukti efektif memperkuat rasa memiliki dan meningkatkan kualitas keputusan dalam organisasi. Oleh karena itu, fokus kajian diarahkan pada bagaimana mengintegrasikan kompetensi sosio-politik termasuk kemampuan berunding dan kesadaran partisipatif ke dalam pembelajaran vokasi tanpa mengabaikan keterampilan teknis. Solusi strategis diwujudkan melalui tiga pilar utama: integrasi kurikulum, kolaborasi industri, dan dukungan kebijakan. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa pendidikan vokasi yang berorientasi DI tidak hanya meningkatkan relevansi lulusan terhadap tantangan industri modern dan digitalisasi, tetapi juga berkontribusi langsung pada kesejahteraan sosial pekerja. Industrial Democracy and Vocational Education in Building a Participatory Culture and Social Justice in the World of Work Abstract This research examines the integration of the concept of Industrial Democracy (ID) into Indonesian vocational education to address the limitations of the overly instrumental link and match approach. While the link and match model successfully produces technically competent graduates, it fails to equip them with socio-political competencies (such as awareness of workers' rights, negotiation skills, and understanding of industrial relations), rendering graduates vulnerable and limiting their participation in workplace decision-making. The ID concept, which emphasizes the principles of equality, accountability, and power-sharing, has proven effective in fostering ownership and improving the quality of organizational decisions. Therefore, the study focuses on how to integrate socio-political competencies including negotiation abilities and participatory awareness into vocational learning without neglecting technical skills. The strategic solution is realized through three main pillars: curriculum integration, industry collaboration, and policy support This research argues that ID-oriented vocational education not only enhances the relevance of graduates to the challenges of modern industry and digitalization but also directly impact the social welfare of workers.

Analisis Peran Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Penerapan Akuntansi Sektor Publik pada Pemerintah Daerah Kota Tomohon Butarbutar, Tarida Elisa; Wuisan, Yesita Windy
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/ctxhqa59

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran sumber daya manusia dalam penerapan akuntansi sektor publik pada Pemerintah Daerah Kota Tomohon. Akuntansi sektor publik memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung transparansi, akuntabilitas, serta tata kelola keuangan daerah yang baik. Namun, penerapan sistem akuntansi tersebut tidak terlepas dari kualitas sumber daya manusia yang mengelolanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif untuk menggambarkan kondisi nyata di lapangan secara mendalam. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dengan aparatur pemerintah daerah yang terlibat langsung dalam pengelolaan dan pelaporan keuangan, serta dokumentasi pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber daya manusia memiliki peran yang sangat menentukan dalam penerapan akuntansi sektor publik. Tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman kerja, serta pelatihan yang pernah diikuti berpengaruh terhadap pemahaman aparatur dalam menjalankan sistem akuntansi dan menyusun laporan keuangan sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku. Meskipun penerapan akuntansi sektor publik di Pemerintah Daerah Kota Tomohon telah berjalan, masih ditemukan beberapa kendala, seperti keterbatasan kompetensi teknis, kurangnya pelatihan berkelanjutan, serta beban kerja yang cukup tinggi. Kondisi ini berdampak pada belum optimalnya penerapan akuntansi sektor publik. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan yang berkelanjutan sangat diperlukan agar penerapan akuntansi sektor publik dapat berjalan lebih efektif dan mendukung peningkatan kualitas pengelolaan keuangan daerah. The Role Of Human Resources In The Implementation Of Public Sector Accounting In The Tomohon City Regional Government Abstract This study aims to analyze the role of human resources in the implementation of public sector accounting in the Regional Government of Tomohon City. Public sector accounting is essential in supporting transparency, accountability, and sound local financial governance. However, the effectiveness of its implementation largely depends on the quality of human resources responsible for managing the accounting process. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach to provide an in-depth understanding of actual practices in the field. Data were collected through observation, interviews with local government officials directly involved in financial management and reporting, and review of relevant documentation. The findings indicate that human resources play a significant role in the implementation of public sector accounting. Educational background, work experience, and participation in training programs strongly influence officials’ understanding and ability to apply public sector accounting standards and prepare financial reports properly. Although public sector accounting has been implemented in the Tomohon City Government, several challenges remain. These include limited technical competence, lack of continuous training, and relatively high workloads among financial management staff. Such conditions affect the optimal application of public sector accounting practices. Therefore, continuous improvement of human resource capacity through education and training is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of public sector accounting implementation and improve the overall quality of local government financial management.

Peran Petugas Kesehatan dalam Pencegahan Stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rasana’e Timur Kota Bima Tahun 2025 Niatullah, Nini; Hayati, Zaharatul; Antiyani, Rini; Mujiburrahman, Mujiburrahman
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/ksr1nr69

Stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat kronis dan multidimensional di Indonesia, termasuk di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Berdasarkan Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2023, prevalensi stunting nasional mencapai 21,5%, masih jauh dari target nasional sebesar 14%. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa stunting tidak hanya disebabkan oleh kekurangan gizi, tetapi juga mencerminkan keterbatasan efektivitas layanan kesehatan primer dalam menjangkau determinan sosial, perilaku, dan lingkungan secara terintegrasi, terutama pada tingkat wilayah mikro. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran petugas kesehatan dalam pencegahan stunting pada layanan kesehatan primer berbasis wilayah mikro di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rasana’e Timur, Kota Bima, tahun 2025. Penelitian ini menawarkan kebaruan dengan memposisikan petugas kesehatan sebagai aktor institusional lokal yang menjembatani kebijakan nasional dengan praktik promotif dan preventif yang kontekstual serta berbasis keluarga. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan desain eksploratif-tematik, melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan telaah dokumentasi terhadap petugas kesehatan yang terlibat langsung dalam program stunting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petugas kesehatan memiliki peran strategis sebagai pelaksana teknis sekaligus aktor adaptif, inovatif, dan berjejaring dalam pencegahan stunting, dengan dampak nyata pada wilayah spesifik. Simpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan penurunan stunting sangat bergantung pada kapasitas adaptif petugas kesehatan dalam mengintegrasikan data, inovasi lokal, dan jejaring komunitas, sehingga kebijakan stunting perlu diarahkan pada penguatan layanan primer berbasis wilayah. The Role of Health Care Workers in Stunting Prevention in the Work Area of the Rasana'e Timur Public Health Center, Bima City 2025 Abstract Stunting remains a chronic and multidimensional public health problem in Indonesia, including in West Nusa Tenggara Province. According to the 2023 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI), the national prevalence of stunting reached 21.5%, which is still far above the national target of 14%. This condition indicates that stunting is not merely a reflection of nutritional deficiencies, but also highlights limitations in the effectiveness of primary health care services in addressing social, behavioral, and environmental determinants in an integrated manner, particularly at the micro-regional level. This study aims to analyze the role of health workers in stunting prevention within a micro-area–based primary health care context in the working area of Rasana’e Timur Primary Health Center, Bima City, in 2025. The study offers novelty by repositioning health workers as local institutional actors who bridge national policies with contextual, family-based promotive and preventive practices. A descriptive qualitative approach with an exploratory thematic design was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document review involving key health workers directly engaged in stunting interventions. The findings indicate that health workers play a strategic role not only as technical implementers but also as adaptive, innovative, and networked local institutional actors, producing tangible impacts in specific areas. The study concludes that the effectiveness of stunting reduction is largely determined by the adaptive capacity of health workers to integrate data, local innovations, and community networks; therefore, stunting policies should prioritize strengthening primary health care actors and mainstreaming area-based approaches as a sustainable strategy to achieve national targets.

Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran dengan Model Discovery Learning Berbantuan Simulasi PhET untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Fisika Peserta Didik Rostina, Rostina; Verawati, Ni Nyoman Sri Putu; Hikmawati, Hikmawati
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/6e30h546

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran fisika dengan model Discovery Learning berbantuan simulasi PhET yang valid dan reliabel untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar fisika peserta didik. Produk yang dikembangkan meliputi ATP, modul ajar, bahan ajar, LKPD dan instrument evaluasi hasil belajar kognitif. Metode penelitian menggunakan model pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate), namun dibatasi hingga tahap Develop. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas XI Man 1 Mataram tahun ajaran 2024/2025. Validasi dilakukan oleh tiga validator ahli dan tiga validator praktisi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa seluruh perangkat tergolong sangat valid dengan skor validitas antara 87,5%-91,39%, serta sangat reliabel dengan skor reliabilitas antara 90,74%-91,66%. Dengan demikian, perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan layak digunakan sebagai alternatif pembelajaran fisika yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Kata kunci: Discovery learning; Simulasi PhET; Perangkat Pembelajaran;Hasil belajar fisika Development of Learning Tools Using Discovery Learning Model Assisted by Phet Simulations to Improve Students’ Physics Learning Outcomes Abstract This study aims to develop valid and reliable physics learning tools using the Discovery Learning model assisted by PhET simulation to improve students’ learning outcomes. The developed products include ATP, teaching modules, teaching marerials, LKPD (student worksheets), and cognitive learning evalution instruments. This research used a 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), but was limited to the Develop stage. The subjects were XI at Man 1 Mataram in the 2024/2025 academic year. Validation was carried out by three expert validators and three practitioner validators. The result showed that all products were categorized as very valid with validity scores between 87.5%-91.39%, and very reliable with reliability scores between 90.74%-91.66%. Therefore, the developed tools are feasible to be used as alternatives to improve physics learning outcomes.

Challenges and Opportunities for North Lombok Robusta Coffee Zainuri, Zainuri; Sjah, Taslim; Budastra, I Ketut; Dipokusumo, Bambang; Iqlimawati, Iqlimawati
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/g7brmj38

Robusta coffee is an important agricultural commodity in North Lombok Regency, Indonesia, contributing to rural livelihoods and regional economic development. However, the performance of the Robusta coffee agribusiness remains constrained by various external challenges while simultaneously presenting emerging opportunities. This study aims to identify and analyze the key challenges and opportunities affecting the development of Robusta coffee in North Lombok, and proposes strategies for expanding market for North Lombok Robusta coffee. The results show that the main challenges identified include fluctuating coffee prices, the low bargaining position of farmers and processors, inconsistent coffee bean quality, and limited access to subsidized fertilizers. Conversely, significant opportunities arise from increasing domestic and global demand for coffee, availability of government support programs, the potential for value-added coffee processing, and improved access to market and technical information. The findings indicate that opportunity-driven strategies, particularly those related to value addition, quality improvement, sustainable input management, and information utilization, can mitigate existing challenges and enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of the Robusta coffee agribusiness in North Lombok. The study provides policy-relevant insights for stakeholders involved in regional coffee development, by outlining concrete intervention areas, such as productivity enhancement, quality improvement, institutional strengthening, and market access expansion, to support value chain upgrading and sustainable Robusta coffee development in North Lombok. The novelty of this study lies in its integration of regency-level analysis of Robusta coffee in North Lombok and reconceptualizes Robusta from a low-value commodity into high-value one through expanding markets with differentiated emerging specialty and sustainable products.

Practicing Sustainable Agriculture for Meeting Demand of Quality Foods Zainuri, Zainuri; Sjah, Taslim
Empiricism Journal Vol. 6 No. 4: December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/srq5ev84

It is appear that there is the limited understanding of how sustainable agricultural practices can be effectively linked to the production of quality foods that meet evolving market and consumer demands, as existing studies tend to address sustainability and food quality in isolation. This paper highlights the importance practicing sustainable agriculture and meeting demand of quality foods for the good of whole society. This study applied a secondary data collection method to identify pathways for meeting the demand for quality foods through the practice of sustainable agriculture, using a qualitative descriptive analysis supported by thematic synthesis of policy documents, scientific literature, and sectoral reports. The study found that Sustainable practices enhance soil fertility and structure, reduce chemical residues, and promote balanced nutrient cycling, which collectively improve the nutritional value and safety of food products. In addition, environmentally sound farming systems strengthen resilience to climate variability and reduce production risks, thereby supporting consistent food supply. From a socio-economic perspective, sustainable agriculture can increase farmers’ incomes through efficiency gains, reduced input costs, and access to premium markets for quality foods. The study highlighted that adopting sustainable agriculture is not only essential for environmental protection but also critical for ensuring the availability of high-quality foods that meet consumer expectations and support food security. Policy support, farmer capacity building, and market incentives are identified as key factors in accelerating the transition toward sustainable food systems. This study contributes by integrating sustainable agriculture practices with quality food demand through a systematic synthesis of secondary evidence, providing conceptual and policy-relevant insights to support the development of sustainable, quality-oriented food systems.

Studi in Vitro Uji Sitotoksisitas Gel Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa terhadap Sel Ligamen Periodontal sebagai Bahan Perawatan Saluran Akar dengan Metode MTT Assay Setiawan, Linda Novelgia; Avrillia, Roselyn; Pohan, Sonia Salsabila
Empiricism Journal Vol. 7 No. 1: March 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LITPAM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/mjketr61

Bahan irigasi yang saat ini banyak digunakan, seperti natrium hipoklorit (NaOCl), klorheksidin, dan EDTA, terbukti efektif menghilangkan bakteri namun memiliki risiko toksisitas terhadap sel dan jaringan sekitarnya. Paparan NaOCl pada konsentrasi tinggi dapat menyebabkan iritasi jaringan, nekrosis, hingga reaksi ekstrusi yang serius pada jaringan periapical. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sitotoksisitas gel asap cair tempurung kelapa (CS-LS) terhadap sel ligamen periodontal (PDL cells) sebagai kandidat bahan perawatan saluran akar menggunakan metode MTT assay. Penelitian eksperimental in vitro dengan rancangan pre-test dan post-test group design melibatkan tujuh kelompok perlakuan (kontrol media, kontrol sel, kontrol positif NaOCl 5,25%, serta gel CS-LS pada konsentrasi 6,25%, 12,5%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%) dengan lima replikasi per kelompok. Viabilitas sel dihitung berdasarkan nilai absorbansi MTT (= 570 nm) dan dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Kruskal–Wallis diikuti uji Mann–Whitney bila diperlukan. Hasil menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada nilai absorbansi antar kelompok (p<0,05). Persentase viabilitas sel tertinggi tercatat pada gel CS-LS 6,25% (76,30%), sehingga memenuhi kriteria biokompatibilitas (viabilitas >70% menurut ISO10993-5), sedangkan pada konsentrasi 12,5% viabilitas menurun menjadi sekitar 50,25% (mendekati nilai IC50). Konsentrasi tinggi (50–100%) menghasilkan penurunan viabilitas yang substansial (31–33%), meskipun masih menunjukkan viabilitas relatif lebih baik dibandingkan NaOCl 5,25%. Berdasarkan temuan ini, gel CS-LS pada konsentrasi di bawah 12,5% tampak aman dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai alternatif bahan irigasi endodontik; namun penelitian lanjutan yang memperluas rentang konsentrasi, menambahkan parameter biologis (misalnya: proliferasi, ekspresi gen osteogenik, marker inflamasi), serta studi in vivo dan uji biokompatibilitas jangka panjang direkomendasikan untuk mengonfirmasi keamanan dan potensi aplikasi klinis. In Vitro Study of Cytotoxicity Test of Liquid Coconut Shell Smoke Gel on Periodontal Ligament Cells as Root Canal Treatment Material Using MTT Assay Method Abstract Currently widely used irrigants, such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine, and EDTA, have been shown to be effective in eliminating bacteria but carry the risk of toxicity to surrounding cells and tissues. Exposure to NaOCl at high concentrations can cause tissue irritation, necrosis, and even serious extrusion reactions in periapical tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of coconut shell liquid smoke gel (CS-LS) on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells as a potential root canal treatment material using the MTT assay method. This research was an in vitro experimental study with a pre-test and post-test group design, involving seven treatment groups: media control, cell control, positive control (5.25% NaOCl), and CS-LS gel at concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, with five replicates in each group. Cell viability was determined based on MTT absorbance values (= 570 nm) and statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney post hoc test when appropriate. The results demonstrated a statistically significant difference in absorbance values among the treatment groups (p < 0.05). The highest cell viability was observed in the 6.25% CS-LS gel group (76.30%), meeting the biocompatibility criteria (cell viability > 70% according to ISO 10993-5), whereas the 12.5% concentration showed a reduced viability of approximately 50.25%, approaching the IC50 value. Higher concentrations (50–100%) resulted in a substantial decrease in cell viability (approximately 31–33%), although these values remained relatively higher than those observed with 5.25% NaOCl. In conclusion, CS-LS gel at concentrations below 12.5% exhibits low cytotoxicity and potential for development as an alternative endodontic irrigant; however, further studies incorporating a wider range of concentrations, additional biological parameters (such as cell proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, and inflammatory markers), as well as in vivo and long-term biocompatibility assessments, are necessary to confirm its safety and clinical applicability.

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Perumahan Lingkar Permai Blok Q4 LK Sembalun, Tanjung Karang Sekarbela, Mataram, NTB

Location
Kota mataram,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA

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Contact Name Taufik Samsuri

Contact Email empiric.journal@gmail.com

Phone -

Journal Mail Official empiric.journal@gmail.com

Editorial Address Perumahan Lingkar Permai Blok Q4 LK Sembalun, Tanjung Karang Sekarbela, Mataram, NTB

Location Kota mataram, Nusa tenggara barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Taufik Samsuri

Contact Email
empiric.journal@gmail.com

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
empiric.journal@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Perumahan Lingkar Permai Blok Q4 LK Sembalun, Tanjung Karang Sekarbela, Mataram, NTB

Location
Kota mataram,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA