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Ahmad Izzuddin
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Gedung Dekanat Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Walisongo Semarang Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka, Tambakaji, Kec. Ngaliyan, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50185
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Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
ISSN : 27751236     EISSN : 27752119     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21580/al-hilal
Core Subject : Religion, Science, Social,
Religion Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Physics Social Sciences
Al-Hilal Journal is a scientific journal published in April and October per year by the Islamic Astronomy at the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo, Semarang colaboration with Asosisasi Dosen Falak Indonesia (ADFI). Articles published in this journal are the results of empirical research in Islamic Astronomy (such as qibla, salat times, Islamic Calendar, Eclipse and others), and its approaching on other area studies (mathematics, physics, astrophysics, social, politics, anthropology, ethnography and others). This journal has specifications as a medium of publication and communication of Islamic Astronomy ideas derived from theoretical and analytical studies, as well as research results in the field of both natural and social science. The editor hopes that writers, researchers and legal experts will contribute in this journal.
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika dan Astronomi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 114 Documents
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Integrating Astronomical Observations and Islamic Law: The Case of Sunrise and the Ishrāq Prayer Time Riza, Muhammad Himmatur; Sabiq, Fairuz; Ardliansyah, Moelki Fahmi; Muflihun, Muhammad
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.2.27963

Abstract

This study discusses determining the initial time for the Ishrāq prayer based on a combination of classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and contemporary astronomical approaches. Traditionally, the time for Ishrāq is associated with the sun having risen to the height of one spear-length after sunrise, yet no standardized astronomical measurement exists for this term. This research employs a multidisciplinary qualitative method, utilizing library research, analysis of fiqh-based evidence, and astronomical calculation simulations (ḥisāb). The findings show that one spear-length can be converted to a solar altitude of approximately 3°30’ to 5°, or around 10–20 minutes after shurūq (sunrise). A case study conducted in Surakarta indicates that the ideal time for Ishrāq prayer on July 20, 2025, is 06:10 AM (GMT +7). In conclusion, determining the time of Ishrāq requires an astronomically-based formula aligned with shar‘i principles and standardization in digital applications to ensure valid and accurate worship.
Qibla Direction Determination in Historical Mosques: Methodological and Accuracy Assessment at Al-Anwar Grand Mosque, Bandar Lampung Khairunnisa, Ariba; Muhammad Adam; Rivaldi, Muhammad Haikal; Zain, Muhammad Fajri Kholili
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.2.28139

Abstract

Qibla direction in mosques, historically, was determined using simple methods and traditional tools, resulting in relatively low accuracy. This study aims to analyze the methods and precision of Qibla direction at Jami’ Al-Anwar Mosque, Bandar Lampung, using a qualitative field approach supported by modern instruments. The findings indicate that the true Qibla direction is 295° 18′ 25.82″, while the mosque’s current orientation measured with a theodolite is 295° 12′ 10″ and with a mizwala instrument is 295° 12′ 13.82″. The difference of only 0° 6′ 15.82″ classifies the mosque’s Qibla as accurate according to deviation tolerance theory. Contributing factors include the use of an istiwā’ stick to determine cardinal directions, advances in scientific knowledge, and religious motivations to ensure precision. These results highlight the significance of combining traditional techniques and modern technology to maintain the accuracy of Qibla orientation in historic mosques.
Negotiating the New Moon: Social Media and the Dynamics of Hijri Calendar Determination among Muslims Fauzi, Ahmad
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.2.28554

Abstract

Social media has become a primary platform for Muslims to access religious information, including the determination of the Hijri month, which is central to worship such as Ramadan fasting, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha. This study explores how social media shapes understandings and debates regarding the ḥisāb and rukyat methods for marking the start of the Hijri month. Using a netnographic approach, data were collected from various platforms and analyzed through content analysis to identify dominant narratives, information patterns, and forms of debate in the digital sphere. Findings reveal three modes of understanding: academic-scientific (based on astronomical data and ḥisāb), normative-textual (rooted in classical arguments and religious authority), and popular (driven by public opinion, humor, and satire). Debates are fragmented into scientific-argumentative, emotional-narrative, and humorous-satirical forms, shaped by authoritative, semi-authoritative, and lay actors. The study concludes that social media plays a dual role: enhancing digital literacy in Islamic astronomy while simultaneously intensifying discourse polarization, highlighting the need for inclusive religious communication strategies.
THE IDEOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF JAM'IYAH RIFA'IYAH IN DETERMINING THE QIBLA DIRECTION IN ADINUSO BATANG VILLAGE Ikbal, Muhammad
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 4, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2022.4.1.8336

Abstract

Technological developments make it easier for people to find the Qibla direction. However, the definition of the direction facing the Qibla which is varied according to fiqh causes public understanding of determining the direction of Qibla to be crowded into question. The concept of facing the Qibla taught by Ahmad Rifai in the Absyar book requires us to face the 'ayn al-ka'bah. This article discusses the concept of Qibla direction according to Ahmad Rifa'i and how the people of Adinuso-Batang Village respond to this thought. This article uses descriptive-qualitative method. This article finds that Ahmad Rifa'i's concept of Qibla direction is not in accordance with scientific theory and people prefer the results of scientific calculations over the results of their thoughts.
AHMAD GHAZALI'S THOUGHTS IN THE BOOK OF ANFA' AL-WASĪLAH ON DETERMINING ‘ASR TIME PRAYER Makhturoh, Siti; Shabir, Muslich; Izzuddin, Ahmad
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 4, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2022.4.1.8397

Abstract

Ḥanafī's opinion differs from that of Al-Shāfi’ī in determining the entry of the time for the 'Asr prayer and the time for the Isha prayer. These two different determinations can be easily identified using the contextual method (calculation). The data needed in calculation is the high value of the Sun, so the thought of Ahmad Ghazali, an astronomer from Madura, explained about the height of the Sun based on two schools of thought. This provides a treasure of knowledge to someone in determining the entry of prayer times based on madhhab, just by looking at the clock. The type of method used in this study is qualitative field research with a descriptive approach, the aim is to describe Ahmad Ghazali's thoughts and to analyze in the field the given method. The results of the Anfa’ al-Wasīlah calculation with the addition of 1 in the irtifā’ formula is in accordance with the opinion of Al-Shāfi’ī, and an additional 2 in the irtifā’ formula according to the opinion of Ḥanafī, while from Ahmad Ghazali's opinion it states that the two early determinations of the time for the Asr prayer This is true, but it is more appropriate to use the ‘Aṣr Awwal time, because the ‘Aṣr Awwal opinion is supported by a number of scholars and strong arguments.
REVIEW ON THE TECHNIQUES OF DIRECTIONAL IDENTIFICATION THROUGH THE CELESTIAL OBJECTS AMONG ANCIENT MUSLIM ASTRONOMERS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA Muhammad, Bilyaminu
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 4, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2022.4.1.8940

Abstract

This article aims to reconstruct the old science adopted by ancient Muslim astronomers at that time due to the absence of technology to guide on sea and land. This paper adopts a qualitative method to describe the precise technique and strategy of its application for direction identification through the selection of several Stars, Satellites, Constellations and Coordinate which are visible both from the northern and southern parts of the northern Nigeria sky. On the other hand, several challenges were identified to affect the development of science in different dimensions such as total dependence on artificial innovative devices which may very well have limitations. This article recommends awakening to Astronomers, especially Nigerian Astronomers, to pay more attention to scientific aspects as the basis for the use of modern astronomical technology in every observation of celestial bodies.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ASTRONOMY IN INDONESIA Awaludin, Muhammad; Zar'ah, Nur Fajriani
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 4, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2022.4.1.11191

Abstract

The Development of technology has a major impact on the development of Astronomy. The focus of this research is to analyze the impacts of the digitalization era on the development of Islamic astronomy discourses in Indonesia. This research is library research with a qualitative approach which aims to find out how the contribution of technology in the development of astronomy in Indonesia. The author's data sources in this study are scientific notes either in the form of books or notes from electronic media. The results of this study indicate that astronomy practitioners have made a new breakthrough in the development of astronomy, namely creating digital data-based applications to assist calculations. This scientific collaboration with technology and digitalization creates a harmony between astronomy and technology, thus making the study of astronomy in Indonesia more accommodating to digital era instead of just revolving around the study of science and religion.
ACEH LOCAL WISDOM IN THE METHOD OF DETERMINING THE HIJRI CALENDAR Putri, Hasna Tuddar; Qodir, Ibnu
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 4, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2022.4.1.11321

Abstract

Calendars with cultural nuances are part of local wisdom that should be preserved, one of which is the formulation of Sheikh Abbas Kutakarang's calendar from Aceh. This article aims to see how Sheikh Abbas Kutakarang shaped local wisdom in the method of determining the classical Hijri calendar in Aceh. This article is qualitative in nature by using library data with content analysis method. The primary data source used is the book of Tāj al-Mulūk by Sheikh Abbas Kutakarang. This article finds that there are characteristics of local wisdom in determining the classical Hijri calendar in Aceh in different methods and algorithms from classical Javanese reckoning. These differences have an impact on differences in determining the beginning of the Hijri year. This method is a representation of local wisdom in the Hijri calendar in Aceh.
RUKYATUL HILAL INSTRUMENT DESIGN BASED ON ARDUINO Fajrullah, Fajrullah; Hadi, Zikrullah; Nisastra, Andi Evan
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 4, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2022.4.1.11685

Abstract

Arduino is a Microcontroller platform consisting of a computer chip that is used to control electronic equipment that is flexible and easy to use. In this modern era, the implementation of Rukyatul Hilal can be done using instruments such as Hilal locater, telescope and theodolite. However, these tools are quite expensive and have a fairly heavy load and require long time to prepare. Therefore, this research provides breakthroughs and new innovations in designing the Rukyatul Hilal Instrument based on Arduino. The research uses the Research and Development model type of research, the development model that the researcher will do is to develop an Arduino Microcontroller so that it can be used as a Rukyatul Hilal Instrument. Based on 4 observations of the Moon, The Arduino-based Rukyatul Hilal instrument can successfully show the position of the Moon and verify the data used by the author is correct and the author can also photograph the image of the Moon clearly using a smartphone. However, it should be noted that the position of the Moon when viewed from the Arduino-based Rukyatul Hilal Instrument telescope is not in the middle of the telescope, but sometimes at the bottom, side and top.
APPLICATION OF EFFECTIVE AZIMUTH DIFFERENT FORMULA IN DETERMINING THE QIBLA DIRECTION Ahmad, Auzi'ni Syukron Kamal; Shabir, Muslich
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol 4, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2022.4.2.12069

Abstract

The sun's shadow and the Qibla azimuth are two techniques for figuring out the Qibla direction. To obtain Qibla direction accuracy while applied to traditional instruments with low accuracy, such istiwa'ayn, the user's accuracy is required. Slamet Hambali's theory of a process angle was inspired by this issue. The effective angle disparity formula, which is based on Slamet Hambali's concept, is discussed in this article along with how it can be used to get effective azimuth variance. This article is based on numerically-based quantitative research using library data. The aim is to comprehend the concept of various effective azimuths and how they are used to identify the direction of the Qibla. This article comes to the conclusion that Slamet Hambali's formula for the effective azimuth difference tends to make use of the idea of processing angle by calculating the azimuth difference value with particular aiming hours, azimuth difference value, and processing angle to produce a shooting clock with a different azimuth valuation.Kata kunci : azimut, efektif, jam bidik 

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