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Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 19071744     EISSN : 24601500     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics
Jurnal Pijar MIPA (e-ISSN: 2460-1500 & p-ISSN: 1907-1744) is an open-access scientific periodical journal published by the Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA publishes original articles on current issues and trends in mathematics-science-science education studies. In addition, this journal addresses issues concerning environmental education and environmental science. The journal scopes are: a. Physics and Physics Education b. Chemistry and Chemistry Education c. Biology and Biology Education d. Natural Science and Science Education e. Mathematics and Mathematics Education f. Environmental and Environmental Education
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 30 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)" : 30 Documents clear
Fabrication of Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Nanobentonite and Nano TiO₂ for Tartrazine Analysis by Cyclic Voltammetry Indah, Rahmalia; Setiarso, Pirim
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9281

Abstract

Tartrazine is a synthetic dye widely used in food products, and its usage needs to be strictly controlled due to potential adverse health effects. One of the methods employed to analyze tartrazine levels is cyclic voltammetry. This study modified carbon paste electrodes by incorporating bentonite and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles to achieve a low detection limit. This research aimed to investigate the effect of the working electrode composition consisting of carbon, bentonite nanoparticles, TiO₂ nanoparticles, and paraffin on the peak current response in the analysis of tartrazine, as well as to determine optimal measurement conditions, namely composition and pH. Bentonite nanoparticles were synthesized using the sonochemical method, while TiO₂ nanoparticles in the anatase phase were obtained commercially. Material characterization was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The electrode was optimized with a composition ratio 3:4:1:2 (carbon:nanobentonite: nano TiO₂:paraffin), resulting in a cathodic peak current of -5,43 × 10⁻⁵ A. The optimal conditions for tartrazine detection were found to be at pH 7. This study demonstrates the potential of nanomaterial-modified carbon paste electrodes for developing low-cost, sensitive, and eco-friendly electrochemical sensors, which can be applied to monitor synthetic dyes in food safety control rapidly.
Identification of Chemical Compounds in Black Garlic Extract and Effect on Inhibiting Xanthine Oxidase Enzyme Afifah, Mahrunisa Nur; Herdyastuti, Nuniek
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9292

Abstract

Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme involved in the catalysis of the oxidation reaction that converts hypoxanthine into xanthine and subsequently into uric acid. Elevated uric acid levels can pose various health risks. Gout treatment can be achieved by inhibiting the activity of the xanthine oxidase enzyme using black garlic. This study aims to identify the chemical compounds in black garlic methanol extract, assess the inhibitory effect of this extract on the xanthine oxidase enzyme using in silico methods, and determine the type of inhibition based on enzyme kinetics. The in silico analysis was conducted to evaluate the binding affinity of flavonoid compounds in black garlic extract with xanthine oxidase. The in vitro analysis tested the inhibition of the xanthine oxidase enzyme by black garlic using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 291.7 nm, based on a decrease in uric acid concentration as an indicator of reduced enzyme activity. The type of inhibition mechanism was determined through enzyme kinetics using the Michaelis-Menten equation, which was transformed into the Lineweaver-Burk equation in a double reciprocal form. Black garlic methanol extract contains 133 chemical compounds, including 22 flavonoid compounds that are thought to inhibit xanthine oxidase. According to in silico studies, quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside exhibits the lowest binding affinity (-9.2 kcal/mol) with the xanthine oxidase enzyme compared to the xanthine substrate (-5.2 kcal/mol) and allopurinol (-5.3 kcal/mol). Inhibition of the xanthine oxidase enzyme by black garlic demonstrated the highest inhibition of 76.352% at a concentration of 10 ppm of black garlic extract. The inhibition type of the xanthine oxidase enzyme by black garlic methanol extract showed a competitive inhibition mechanism, evidenced by an increase in the KM value from 0.014 to 0.134 without a significant change in the Vmax value. Thus, it can be concluded that black garlic extract has the potential to be a natural inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase that can be used to treat gout or hyperuricemia.
Identification of Bioactive Compounds in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) with Hypocholesterolemic Potential Qoyimmah, Aprilya Miftachul; Herdyastuti, Nuniek
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9297

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Although statins remain the standard treatment, their long-term use is associated with side effects, sparking interest in safer natural alternatives. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) contains bioactive compounds such as organosulfur compounds (e.g., allicin) and flavonoids (e.g., quercetin and kaempferol), which have been shown to have cholesterol-lowering potential. This study aims to identify bioactive compounds in fresh garlic ethanol extract and powder using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and to evaluate their in vitro anticholesterol activity using the Liebermann-Burchard method. The extracts were prepared using 70% ethanol and tested for their ability to lower cholesterol levels. LC-MS analysis revealed 96 compounds in the fresh garlic extract and 110 compounds in the garlic powder extract. Bioactive compounds such as organosulfur compounds and flavonoids were identified among these compounds. Based on their composition percentages, allicin was more abundant in the garlic powder extract, as were flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, particularly in glycosides. In vitro tests showed cholesterol-lowering effects, with EC₅₀ values of 41,349.08 ppm for the fresh extract and 35,462.29 ppm for the powder extract. Garlic powder extract exhibits higher activity. These findings suggest that garlic, particularly powder form, has potential as a natural cholesterol-lowering agent. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm its efficacy, mechanism of action, and long-term safety.
Changes of Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) Tuber Flour Characteristics During Fermentation Process with L. plantarum B1765 Starter Culture Prihastina, Adinda Debita; Wikandari, Prima Retno
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9299

Abstract

Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) is a plant that contains inulin, which can be degraded into fructooligosaccharides known to have advantages and are widely used as food ingredients. The fermentation process can hydrolyse inulin into FOS, which is known to have better stability for food ingredients. Additionally, fermentation can produce Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), improving consumer health and enhancing flavor, resulting in better processed products. The objective of this study was to determine changes in the characteristics of gembili tuber flour, including solubility and color, during the fermentation process, supported by data such as pH, Total Titratable Acid (TTA), and Total Lactic Acid Bacteria (TTA). Gembili tubers were cut into pieces and fermented for 0, 2, 4, and 6 days using a 3% L. plantarum B1765 starter culture and incubated at 37℃. pH measurements were taken using a pH meter, TTA using acid-base titration, total LAB using total plate count, and solubility determined by gravimetric principles. Total LAB, TTA, pH, solubility, and color were mutually correlated during the fermentation process. As more bacteria grew, pH decreased, TTA increased, solubility increased, and color became whiter. Optimal flour results were obtained at a fermentation time of 6 days, where total LAB reached 7.60 x 10⁷, pH was 3.40, TTA was 0.989%, solubility was 51.30%, and the color was the greatest white color. Fermented gembili tuber flour has more water-soluble FOS content and has better stability than inulin in non-fermented gembili flour. In addition, the colour produced from the fermentation process is also whiter than that of fermented gembili flour, which can affect the quality of the product. The FOS content in this flour can provide texture or creaminess, maintain moisture in food products, and lower the freezing point of ice cream. However, further research is still needed to determine the effect of fermentation duration on the degree of polymerisation (DP) of FOS produced during the fermentation process and the addition of fermentation time to improve the flour solubility in water.
Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract from Ruellia napifera Leaves Efendi, Meilisa Rusdiana Surya; Anisa, Zuffa; Setyaningrum, Dyah; Trisnawati, Ade
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9300

Abstract

Exploration of the chemical profile and antioxidant properties of ethanol extract derived from Ruellia napifera leaves is very important, considering the usefulness of these leaves for use in natural therapy products. This research investigates the identification of secondary metabolite compounds and the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract from Ruellia napifera leaves. The objectives are to determine the types of secondary metabolite compounds present and to evaluate the antioxidant potential using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method. Ethanol extracts were prepared using the maceration method at durations of 24 hours. Phytochemical tests revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids. Antioxidant activity was measured through IC50 values, indicating the extract’s ability to inhibit 50% of the DPPH radicals. The IC50 values obtained were 10.66 μg/mL. For comparison, vitamin C as a positive control exhibited an IC50 of 2.49 μg/mL. These results suggest that the Gempur Batu leaf extract has strong antioxidant potential. These findings suggest that this extract from Ruellia napifera leaves holds potential for developing natural antioxidant-based therapeutic products or herbal medicine formulations.
Development of Green Chemistry Oriented Student Worksheets with Guided Inquiry Model to Improve Science Literacy Skills on Reaction Rate Material Pratiwi, Karina Rike; Mitarlis, Mitarlis
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9337

Abstract

Green chemistry plays a crucial role in minimizing the environmental impact of chemical processes, while science literacy equips students with the knowledge and skills to understand a sustainable future. This study aims to describe the feasibility of a Student Worksheet oriented toward green chemistry using a guided inquiry model, deemed suitable for enhancing students’ scientific literacy skills in the reaction rate topic. The research method employed is the Research and Development (R&D) 4D model, which includes define, design, develop, and disseminate stages, limited in this study to the development stage to analyse needs, design, and test the conformity of the learning media. A limited trial was conducted with 30 eleventh-grade students who had previously received instruction on reaction rate and green chemistry at a senior high school in Nganjuk during the 2024/2025 academic year. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and tests, then analyzed quantitatively and descriptively using mode, percentage, Guttman scale, Likert scale, and N-Gain test. The results show that the worksheet is valid in terms of content and construct (mode 4, good category), practical based on student responses (97.5%, very good), student activities (96.86%, very good), and implementation (mode 5, very good). The worksheet was also effective in improving scientific literacy, as evidenced by 90% of students achieving a gain score ≥ 0.7 (high category). N-Gain by indicator: context 0.85, knowledge 0.85, and competence 0.88. Based on its validity, practicality, and effectiveness, the developed worksheet is feasible to use as a learning medium.
The Role of Microbial Enzymes in Organic Waste Bioconversion: A Biochemical and Renewable Energy Perspective Anggraini, Welly
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9343

Abstract

This study explores the role of microbial enzymes in the bioconversion of organic waste into renewable energy sources such as bioethanol, biogas, and biohydrogen. Employing a qualitative literature review, this research applies a systematic thematic synthesis to 28 scientific sources, including journal articles, policy reports, and textbooks published between 2018 and 2024. The findings indicate that enzymes such as cellulase, amylase, and lipase play a dominant role in the hydrolysis of organic substrates, breaking down complex biomolecules into glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. These hydrolysis products are then fermented anaerobically by microbes like Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium spp. to generate various bioenergy outputs. In addition, the study highlights the importance of biochemical characteristics such as enzyme kinetics, stability, and substrate specificity, which are critical for improving energy conversion efficiency. Operational challenges include high production costs and suboptimal enzyme performance under non-laboratory conditions. However, promising innovations have emerged, including enzyme immobilization techniques, co-fermentation strategies, and the use of genetically engineered microorganisms. Case studies from India, Germany, and Indonesia demonstrate the practical potential of microbial enzyme-based bioconversion systems in transforming agricultural and household waste into valuable energy products. The integration of microbial enzymes into waste management not only reduces environmental pollution but also supports clean energy transition efforts. This research implies the need for policy alignment and educational curriculum integration in environmental science to accelerate public adoption and awareness. This research implies the need for policy alignment and educational curriculum integration in environmental science to accelerate public adoption and awareness.
The Effect of Learning Media Assisted by Doratoon App with Cooperative Model on Students Learning Outcomes Rum, Junita Angraini Styaning; Odja, Abdul Haris; Supartin, Supartin; Mursalin, Mursalin; Setiawan, Dewa Gede Eka; Mohamad, Wahyu Muzizat
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9355

Abstract

Learning media assisted by the Doratoon app, combined with engagement, collaboration, and deeper understanding of the material, while the interactive and visual nature of the app helps accommodate various learning styles. This research aims to determine the effect of using learning media assisted by the Doratoon app with a cooperative model on the learning outcomes of work and simple machines in class VIII at SMP Negeri 11 Gorontalo. This study is an experimental research with a one-group pretest-posttest Design. The sampling technique used in this study is Cluster Random Sampling. This research utilizes VIII C, designated as the experimental class, selected randomly through a lottery method. The data for this study were collected through testing techniques. The results of the analysis of the experimental class yield a gain value of 0.83, which indicates that the sample class falls into the high category. Thus, the use of learning media assisted by the Doratoon application with a cooperative model significantly affects student learning outcomes in the material of work and simple machines.
Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Whiskers from Lampung Sugarcane Bagasse, Indonesia Afifi, Muhammad Ridho; Aini, Zahratul; Irawadi, Tun Tedja; Purwaningsih, Henny
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9371

Abstract

Sugarcane bagasse, the fibrous residue from sugar production, is an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia, especially in Lampung, one of the country’s leading sugarcane-producing provinces. Its high lignocellulosic content makes it a promising alternative source of cellulose. However, effective extraction and conversion into high-value products such as cellulose whiskers require optimized chemical processes. This study aims to isolate cellulose from sugarcane bagasse using alkali and peroxide treatments and convert it into cellulose whiskers through hydrolysis using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) at varying concentrations (4–12 M). The objective is to evaluate the optimal acid concentration that produces cellulose whiskers with desirable morphology and crystallinity. Cellulose isolation was achieved through sequential NaOH and H₂O₂ treatments, significantly reducing lignin and hemicellulose content and yielding α-cellulose at 88.37%. Hydrolysis of the purified cellulose was then performed with H₂SO₄. The resulting materials were characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA. FTIR confirmed the removal of non-cellulosic components, while SEM showed that only 10 M H₂SO₄ produced well-defined whiskers with nanoscale dimensions (200–700 nm in length and 10–50 nm in diameter). Lower acid concentrations resulted in incomplete hydrolysis, while excessive degradation occurred at 12 M. XRD analysis revealed an increase in crystallinity to 86.7%, indicating the removal of amorphous regions and successful formation of crystalline whiskers. TGA analysis showed different thermal degradation patterns between isolated cellulose and whiskers, supporting structural transformation. Cellulose whiskers can subsequently be utilized as a reinforcing material in the fabrication of plastic films for water–oil separation and dye adsorption applications in laboratory experiments.
Creative Thinking Skills Through Project-Based Learning (PjBL)-STEM Rahayu, Ika Putri; Wulandari, Fitria
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9381

Abstract

Creative thinking skills are important for students in generating ideas, learning, and ease of processing information. The PjBL-STEM model, in line with 21st century learning, empowers students to develop talents and abilities. This study aims to determine the improvement of students' creative thinking skills and the effect of the PjBL-STEM model on students' creative thinking skills. This type of research uses a quantitative approach with a pre-experiment method with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Sampling was taken using saturated sampling technique, namely all fourth-grade students of UPT SDN 173 Gresik, totalling 22 students. Data collection techniques involve giving tests with research instruments in the form of creative thinking skills questions that have been validated and are reliable. Data analysis used the N-Gain Test to determine the increase in creative thinking ability indicators after implementing the PjBL-STEM model and paired sample T-test to determine the effect of the PjBL-STEM model on students' creative thinking ability with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the average N-Gain value was 0.77 which means that there was an increase in students' creative thinking skills with a high category and the results of the paired sample T-test analysis obtained a significant value of 0.000> 0.05 which means that there is a statistically significant difference between the creative thinking skills of students before and after the application of the PjBL-STEM model, so it can be concluded that the PjBL-STEM model is effective for increasing the influence of students' creative thinking skills. In the broader world of education, applying the PjBL-STEM model can empower students to develop talents and abilities holistically per the demands of the 21st-century curriculum, while improving STEM literacy, collaboration skills, and learning independence. Therefore, integrating the PjBL-STEM model in the current curriculum can strengthen meaningful, relevant, and contextualized learning, and prepare students to face real-world challenges with better creative thinking skills.

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