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Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 19071744     EISSN : 24601500     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics
Jurnal Pijar MIPA (e-ISSN: 2460-1500 & p-ISSN: 1907-1744) is an open-access scientific periodical journal published by the Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA publishes original articles on current issues and trends in mathematics-science-science education studies. In addition, this journal addresses issues concerning environmental education and environmental science. The journal scopes are: a. Physics and Physics Education b. Chemistry and Chemistry Education c. Biology and Biology Education d. Natural Science and Science Education e. Mathematics and Mathematics Education f. Environmental and Environmental Education
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 30 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)" : 30 Documents clear
Cyclic Voltammetric Analysis of Retinol in Facial Serum Putra, Ananta Adita Eka; Setiarso, Pirim
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9397

Abstract

Retinol is an active compound within the retinoid group, derived from vitamin A and characterized by the presence of a cyclohexenyl ring structure. It is commonly incorporated into cosmetic formulations, particularly facial serums. To ensure product safety and efficacy, facial serums containing retinol must comply with established concentration limits to avoid overclaiming. Various analytical methods have been developed and utilized to determine retinol concentration. This research focuses on determining the amount of retinol present in facial serum by employing the cyclic voltammetry technique.. Cyclic voltammetry is an electrochemical method employed to evaluate the activity of specific compounds in solution by measuring the current generated between two electrodes as a function of the applied potential, which is cyclically varied from an initial to a final value and back again. In this study, the analysis was performed using a carbon paste electrode modified with ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticles in a ratio of 3:2:3:2. The measurement of retinol in facial serum was carried out using a 5000 ppm KCl solution as the supporting electrolyte, phosphate buffer solution at pH 5, a deposition time of 20 seconds, and a scan rate of 0.25 V/s. The retinol concentration in the serum samples was determined based on a standard calibration curve described by the linear equation y = 0.0000355x + 0.00137, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.99979, indicating excellent linearity. Based on the calibration curve, the retinol concentrations in the facial serum samples were found to be 0.023% for brand A, 0.021% for brand B, and 0.022% for brand C with a LoD value of 0.001 ppm and a LoQ value of 0.003 ppm. The findings indicate that cyclic voltammetry has the potential to be widely applied in routine quality control within the cosmetic industry, offering an efficient and cost-effective analytical solution to ensure the stability and effectiveness of active ingredients in cosmetic products.
Isolation and Characterization of Xanthine Oxidase from Goats Milk Rohma, Maretha Nur; Herdyastuti, Nuniek
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9407

Abstract

Xanthine oxidase (XO) plays a role in the formation of uric acid and can be obtained from various sources, including goat's milk. This study aims to provide xanthine oxidase enzymes with known purity, characteristics (pH, temperature, and molecular weight), and to determine the effect of the inhibitor allopurinol on xanthine oxidase enzyme activity. Isolation is carried out using NaCl and partial purification through acetone precipitation. Enzyme activity is determined by the amount of uric acid formed in each acetone fraction, while protein levels are analyzed by the Bradford method. Results showed that the 60-90% acetone fraction provided the highest specific activity, with a purity of 29.190%. The enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 7.5 and temperature 33 °C, and a molecular weight of about 65 kDa. The inhibition test showed that the higher the concentration of allopurinol used, the greater the percentage of inhibition produced. The concentration of allopurinol 2 ppm provides the highest inhibition percentage of 90.376%. The xanthine oxidase enzyme produced from the research is expected to provide xanthine oxidase enzyme from goat milk that can be utilized further, both for research on the mechanism of inhibition of enzyme activity, as well as applications in other fields.
Potential of Fruit Extract from Green-Stemmed Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) as a Natural Chromophore for Solar Cell Development Damayanti, Ni Noman Triyani; Sanjaya, I Gusti Made
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9442

Abstract

The increasing demand for clean and renewable energy has driven the exploration of alternative materials for solar cell development. In this context, natural chromophores derived from plants offer an eco-friendly and sustainable solution due to their availability, low toxicity, and diverse molecular structures. This study investigates the chromophoric potential of the green-stemmed binahong (Anredera cordifolia) fruit and evaluates natural compounds that can be efficient light-absorbing materials in solar energy applications. Extracts of the binahong fruit were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), revealing 66 distinct molecular peaks. Each compound was subjected to quantum chemical simulations using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) following initial geometry optimization through Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The simulations were conducted using the ORCA software, with molecular input prepared via the ChemCompute and Avogadro platforms. Parameters such as HOMO–LUMO energy levels and bandgap values were determined for all detected compounds. From these, 17 compounds exhibited favorable electronic characteristics, including bandgap values ranging from 1.3 to 4.4 eV and well-delocalized frontier orbitals. Notably, betalain compounds such as betanin and indicaxanthin showed strong visible light absorption and low energy gaps, while flavonoids and phenolic acids offered structural stability and tunable electronic properties. This research presents a novel computational approach to screening plant-based chromophores from non-model species, integrating LC-MS and TD-DFT data to highlight their light-harvesting capabilities. In conclusion, green-stemmed binahong is shown to be a promising source of natural chromophores for use in environmentally friendly solar technologies. The selected chromophores, especially those with optimal electronic configurations, are expected to be applied in future organic photovoltaic materials or integrated into green chemistry education as part of renewable energy awareness.
The Effectiveness of Guided Inquiry-Based Worksheet on Synthetic and Natural Food Colorant Thin Layer Chromatography Practicum in Developing Scientific Explanation Skills Nuraini, Valen Dwike Sabila; Helsy, Imelda; Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Aisyah, Riri; Sukmawardani, Yulia
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9517

Abstract

Scientific explanation is an essential skill in chemistry learning because it connects scientific principles and objective evidence. This study aims to describe the application of guided inquiry-based learning in thin-layer chromatography experiments of synthetic and natural food coloring to develop students' scientific explanations in learning applications. This study used a pre-experimental method with a post-test only one-shot case study design. In the implementation of learning, the implementation rate reached 87%. The average scores for worksheets and scientific explanation tests were 78 and 79, respectively. This indicates that the application of guided inquiry-based worksheets through TLC experiments is practical in developing students' scientific explanation skills. This experiment can be adopted in broader chemistry learning contexts by integrating guided inquiry with thin-layer chromatography using real food colorants, thereby fostering scientific thinking and providing students with hands-on experience that emphasizes the relevance of chemistry in everyday life.
Comparison of Protein Content and Physicochemical Characteristics of Fresh Noodles Enriched with Tuna and Mackerel Fish Flours Widnyani, Ida Ayu Putu Ary; Sintyadewi, Putu Rima
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9529

Abstract

Noodle products are classified as low-nutrient noodles because they have a high carbohydrate content but low protein, vitamins and minerals. Marine fish such as tuna and mackerel are food ingredients with high protein content, and they are abundant in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to partially substitute wheat flour with tuna flour and mackerel flour and analyze the physical (rehydration power, cooking loss, elasticity power) and chemical (protein) characteristics of the resulting wet noodles. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using a simple group randomized design and repeated 3 times. The results showed that the physical and chemical characteristics of wet noodles with the addition of mackerel flour had a cooking loss value of 11.51-16.42%, elasticity value of 29.82-17.12 gf, rehydration power of 177.33-140.65%, and protein 11.25-15.24% db. The addition of tuna fishmeal to wet noodles has a cooking loss value of 15.11-20.03%, elasticity value of 30.12-19.22 gf, rehydration power of 183.15-160.72%, and protein 13.37-21.72% db. The addition of mackerel flour and tuna flour to wet noodle products increased protein content while affecting the product's physical properties. It is hoped that this research can provide comparative insights into the utilization of marine resources as fortification ingredients in noodle products.
Exploration of Natural Chemical Compounds as Novel Post-Pandemic Antiviral Agents: A Review Anggraini, Welly
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9358

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the search for effective, safe, and sustainable antiviral agents. One promising approach is the utilization of natural chemical compounds derived from plants, microorganisms, and marine organisms. These compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and polyphenols, have long been known for their broad biological activities, including antiviral properties. This article aims to explore the potential of natural chemical compounds as new post-pandemic antiviral candidates through a systematic literature review of 28 scientific articles published between 2019 and 2024 from major databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The findings indicate that 24 out of 28 reviewed compounds demonstrated significant antiviral activity, with 15 flavonoids targeting viral protease or spike protein through mechanisms like Mpro inhibition, ACE2 interaction, or cytokine modulation. Key challenges include low bioavailability, complexity in compound isolation, and lack of pharmaceutical standardization. However, advanced technological approaches such as nanoformulation, semi-synthetic analogue development, and the use of bio-refinery systems offer potential solutions to enhance the stability and effectiveness of these compounds. This article also highlights the importance of policy support and interdisciplinary collaboration in accelerating the translation of natural compounds from laboratory research to clinical application. The review offers practical implications for pharmaceutical innovation, particularly in biodiversity-rich countries such as Indonesia.
Evaluation of HOTS Test on Renewable Energy Materials through Rasch Model Analysis Rahmatillah, Nur; Zainuddin, Abu
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9458

Abstract

The growth of education in the globalisation era demands a paradigm change in the learning process, especially in terms of assessment that emphasises the importance of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), which are no longer only focused on memorising and understanding basic concepts. This study aims to evaluate HOTS tests on renewable energy materials using the Rasch model as the main analysis technique. This research uses an evaluative design with a quantitative approach that aims to analyse the psychometric quality of HOTS test instruments objectively and systematically. The research subjects consisted of 71 learners selected through a purposive sampling technique from two classes in senior high school. The research instrument used was 10 multiple-choice questions with five answer options and analysed using Ministep software. The analysis results through the Wright map show that the distribution of students' abilities is close to a normal distribution. In contrast, the distribution of item difficulties has an uneven pattern, so that it does not cover the entire range of students' HOTS abilities. In addition, most of the items had adequate psychometric quality, but two items did not fit and needed special attention. Nevertheless, further analysis using the Item Characteristic Curve (ICC) revealed that item S3 indicated misfit, bringing the total to three items that did not fit the Rasch Model predictions. In addition, item S5 is included as a bias item. Overall, the instrument shows that the hierarchy of item difficulty is consistent and reliable, but it has limitations in sensitivity in distinguishing ability levels between learners. In addition, ICC analysis provides more sensitive detection of response pattern discrepancies, indicating the need for multiple analyses for comprehensive validation. Additional items are needed to comprehensively cover the spectrum of student abilities and improve the precision of identifying individual ability differences.
Optimization of Crude Fiber Content in Nata Produced from Watermelon Rind through Variations in Molasses and Mung Bean Sprout Broth Cholili, Muhammad Ramadhan; Putri, Fifijihana Dewirukmana; Putri, Khansa Farahdilla Irfanindya; Putri, Natasya Kharisma; Lutfi, Achmad; Trimulyono, Guntur
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9506

Abstract

Nata is a fermented product made from cellulose and synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum, offering potential as a functional food rich in dietary fiber. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying volumes of molasses and mung bean sprout (Phaseolus radiatus L.) broth as sources of carbon and nitrogen on the crude fiber content of nata produced from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind waste. Each fermentation medium had a total volume of 1000 mL and included the following treatments: N1 (5% molasses and 5% sprout broth), N2 (10% molasses and 10% sprout broth), N3 (15% molasses and 15% sprout broth), and N0 (control), which used coconut water, granulated sugar, and food grade urea. Fermentation was carried out under static conditions at room temperature for 10 days, and the resulting nata was analyzed for crude fiber content using the gravimetric method. The results showed that variations in the volumes of molasses and sprout broth significantly influenced the crude fiber content of nata (p < 0.05). The Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) further confirmed statistically significant differences among treatments. Treatment N2 produced the highest crude fiber content (8.05 ± 0.02%), while the control (N0) yielded the lowest value (5.11 ± 0.01%). The absence of nata formation in N3 indicated substrate saturation and nutritional imbalance. These findings emphasize the importance of carbon and nitrogen balance in optimizing nata production from agroindustrial waste. Treatment N2 was identified as the most effective in enhancing both crude fiber content and overall nata quality.
Water Quality Analysis of Nile Tilapia Hatchery Ponds at the Fish Hatchery Center in Tepas Sepakat Village, West Sumbawa Regency Rahman, Abdul; Aulia, Jamiatul; Ulfa, Andi Maria; Hamzah, Amir; Apriani, Ari
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9532

Abstract

This research was conducted to evaluate the water quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) hatchery ponds at the Fish Seed Center (Balai Benih Ikan, BBI) located in Tepas Sepakat Village, West Sumbawa Regency. Water quality is a critical factor that directly influences the success of aquaculture, particularly in hatchery operations where the survival and growth rates of fish fry are highly dependent on optimal environmental conditions. The study assessed key water quality parameters including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, ammonia concentration, and water transparency. Measurements were carried out quantitatively through direct sampling from three hatchery ponds containing fry of different ages and sizes, with data collected over three consecutive days during morning and afternoon sessions. The results indicated that all measured parameters remained within the acceptable ranges established by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7550:2009) for freshwater aquaculture. Water temperature ranged between 25.9°C and 27.9°C, DO levels varied from 3.9 to 5.2 mg/L, pH values ranged from 7.5 to 8.2, ammonia concentration was consistently below 0.1 mg/L, and water clarity ranged from 40 to 46 cm. Although water clarity slightly exceeded the standard threshold, it was still within a tolerable range that could support sufficient light penetration for photosynthesis without posing risks to the aquatic ecosystem. These findings suggest that the water quality at the BBI Tepas Sepakat hatchery ponds is generally suitable for supporting healthy and productive tilapia breeding. However, continuous monitoring and adaptive water quality management, particularly concerning dissolved oxygen and light penetration, are recommended to maintain optimal rearing conditions and ensure long-term sustainability of the hatchery operations. These findings can serve as a useful reference in promoting sustainable aquaculture practices and can be used in aquaculture training programs to improve water quality management.
Total Phenolics and Potential Antioxidant Activity in Natural Materials: Banana Stems and Bean Sprouts as Growth Regulators for Chilli Peppers (Capsicum frutescens L) Pratama, Jovan; Anggarani, Mirwa Adiprahara
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9548

Abstract

Indonesia has abundant horticultural commodities, including chilli plants, which have high economic value. However, their productivity remains low at 8.35 tons/ha, compared to the potential 20–40 tons/ha. To boost the productivity of red cayenne pepper, additional supplements such as phytohormones auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin are needed. This study uses natural sources of phytohormones derived from banana stems and mung bean sprouts. The aim is to measure the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of various combinations of these natural plant growth regulators (PGRs) to support plant productivity. An experimental design was used, analyzing antioxidant activity using the DPPH method with IC50 values, and total phenolics using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Six variations were tested: A (banana stem extract 10:0), B (banana stem:bean sprouts 8:2), C (6:4), D (4:6), E (2:8), and F (bean sprout extract 10:0). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that variation C (6:4) had the highest total phenolic content (8.8 mg GAE/g) and an IC50 value of 210 ppm, indicating moderate antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that the combination of banana stem and bean sprout extracts in the right proportion can enhance the functional properties of natural PGRs, potentially supporting the growth and productivity of red cayenne pepper plants.

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