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Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 19071744     EISSN : 24601500     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics
Jurnal Pijar MIPA (e-ISSN: 2460-1500 & p-ISSN: 1907-1744) is an open-access scientific periodical journal published by the Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA publishes original articles on current issues and trends in mathematics-science-science education studies. In addition, this journal addresses issues concerning environmental education and environmental science. The journal scopes are: a. Physics and Physics Education b. Chemistry and Chemistry Education c. Biology and Biology Education d. Natural Science and Science Education e. Mathematics and Mathematics Education f. Environmental and Environmental Education
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 1,179 Documents
 86   87   88   89   90 
The Effect of Body Weight Variations on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Values and Body Temperature in MRI Examination: A Review Hasbi, Nurul Auliyaa; Amir, Asmiati; Yunus, Muhammad
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i3.8922

Abstract

MRI examinations use a radiofrequency pulse (RF), which is absorbed by the body when the electromagnetic field is emitted. This is called the specific absorption rate (SAR) effect, which is defined as the heat absorbed per mass of tissue. The type of research uses a systematic literature review or Literature Review with a qualitative approach, with inclusion criteria for publication journals that discuss the effect of body weight on SAR values ​​and changes in body temperature on MRI, as well as journals using retrospective data as clinical and quasi-experimental studies using patients or phantoms. Data processing is carried out by tabulating journals. Data is analysed descriptively and synthesizing research results, the results of which are reported narratively and are systematic, clear, comprehensive, by identifying, analysing, and evaluating through the collection of existing data with explicit search methods and involving a critical review process in selecting studies by aggregating data based on facts with a medical approach. The ten journals the author used have the same results. The results obtained from journals using variations in body weight that are classified as thin body weight (40-49 Kg) have lower SAR values ​​than patients who are classified as normal weight (50-59 Kg) and patients with fat body weight (60-69 Kg) and patients with Obese weight (70-79 Kg) have SAR values ​​far above the SAR value in patients with normal bodies. This proves that body weight will affect the amount of RF absorbed by the body, causing tissue heating, which causes an increase in SAR values. Weight gain can affect the increase in SAR values ​​because the heavier the object, the greater the amplitude of the RF emitted, causing heating in the tissue, causing the SAR value to increase. An increase in body temperature can affect the increase in SAR values ​​because RF absorption will interact with body water molecules to increase movement, equivalent to a rise in energy that will increase body temperature, due to tissue heating. There is an influence of body weight variation on the SAR value which shows that the amount of body weight determines the amount of RF emitted so that the body will absorb a lot, and there is an influence of body weight variation on the increase in body temperature which shows that if the body has a lot of fat, the fat in the subcutaneous tissue can maintain the temperature, both hot and cold and has an effect on RF radiofrequency exposure which adjusts to the surface of the object.
Improving IPAS Learning Outcome using the Problem-Based Learning Model in Elementary School Kause, Migdes Christianto; Sunbanu, Halani F.; Selan, Yefris A.; Maulana, Reza
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i3.8930

Abstract

The low level of Mastery of Minimum Competencies among students is caused by students still experiencing difficulties in developing their critical thinking skills. In classroom learning, students still have difficulty understanding literacy and numeracy.  The aim of this research is to determine the increase in the ability to master minimum competencies in elementary school students using the Problem-Based Learning model. The method used in this research is quantitative research, with an experimental research design. The experimental method has several designs, one of which is the quasi-experimental method (quasi-experimental). The sample in this research was students at Cibadak Elementary School, Bogor.  The sampling technique used is non-random sampling, where the research sample is taken not at random. The research results show that there is an increase in students' mastery of minimum competencies by using the Problem-Based Learning model. This is shown by the calculated t value obtained being greater than the t table with the calculated T value of 2.46, while the T table value is 1.65; this result shows that there is an increase in the use of the PBL model in improving students' Minimum Competency Assessment (MCA) abilities. Meanwhile, the results of calculating the N-Gain value obtained a value of 0.73% in the high category. This is because the use of the Problem-Based Learning model can facilitate students to be actively involved in learning, so that students' understanding of literacy and numeracy questions can increase.
Toxicity of the Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) on the Development of Tilapia Fish Prolarvae (Oreochromis niloticus L.) Harlis, Wa Ode; Malik, Nurhayu; Febrianto, Febrianto; Resman, Resman
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i3.8936

Abstract

The heavy metal lead (Pb) entering the water has a negative impact on aquatic animals, one of which is tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). The accumulation of lead (Pb) can disrupt the spawning process, cause morphological anomalies, and increase the mortality of tilapia sperm. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of Lead (Pb) metal on the development of prolarvae of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). This research is a type of experimental research that is structured based on a Randomized Block Design (RBD) pattern, totalling 6 tilapia fish consisting of 3 male tilapia and 3 female tilapias. Tilapia eggs are obtained by injecting male and female broodstock using the hormone Ovaprim twice to stimulate gonadal maturity, after which fertilization is carried out, namely the merger between fish sperm cells and eggs in the container. After the eggs and sperm cells are fertilized, all eggs are divided into 5 treatments, and each treatment is filled with 20 eggs. The treatments consisted of control and 4 concentrations of Lead (Pb), namely 0.15 mg/L (P1), 0.30 mg/L (P2), 0.45 mg/L (P3), 0.50 mg/L (P4). Exposure to Lead (Pb) was given for 3 days, and observations were made after the eggs entered the prolarva stage to determine the degree of abnormality and various forms of abnormality. The observation parameter was the formation of abnormal types at the prolarvae stage. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with a 95% confidence level and an LSD further test. The research results showed that the percentage of abnormalities in treatment P1 was 26.67%, P2 was 45%, P3 was 73.33%, and P4 was 83.33%. The abnormalities found were lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, yolk deformation accompanied by lordosis of the tail tip, and enlarged anterior yolk sac. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that exposure to Lead (Pb) is toxic to tilapia larvae. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide input for the government and society regarding the importance of maintaining water quality from pollution
Development of Interactive E-Modules Based on Problem Based Learning on the Material of Human Sight and Hearing Senses Berliana, Chyntia; Andriani, Aldina Eka
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i3.8937

Abstract

The limited variety of stimuli and problem-solving activities in teaching materials causes low learning outcomes for students. This study aims to describe the development design, test the feasibility and effectiveness of Interactive E-Modules based on Problem-Based Learning to improve student learning outcomes on the material of the senses of human vision and hearing in class IV SDN Kalibanteng Kidul 03 Semarang City. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Borg and Gall model. The research subjects were fourth-grade students of SDN Kalibanteng Kidul 03, which amounted to 23 students. Data collection techniques using tests (pretest and posttest) and non-tests (observation, interviews, questionnaires and document data). Data analysis techniques used normality test, t-test, and N-Gain test. The results showed that the development design of interactive E-Modules based on Problem Based Learning using the Canva application consisted of the main page, instructions for use and activities, table of contents, learning outcomes and objectives, concept maps, learning materials based on Problem Based Learning syntax, visual media in the form of 3D images using (Assemblr EDU), learning videos, glossary, interactive quizzes (Wordwall), bibliography and developer profile. The feasibility of interactive E-Modules based on Problem-Based Learning from material experts, 92.5% of the criteria are very feasible, and media experts, 90% of the criteria are very feasible, supported by the results of the teacher response questionnaire, 95% with very feasible criteria and 100% of student responses with very feasible criteria. The effectiveness of interactive E-Modules based on Problem Based Learning is shown from the increase in pre-test and post-test scores by 39.3, this result is supported by the results of the t-test showing a significance value (2-tailed) <0.000 which based on the criteria the value is below 0.05 and the results of the N-gain test of 0.6706 medium criteria. The conclusion of this study shows that the interactive E-Module based on Problem-Based Learning was successfully developed, very feasible, and effective for improving the learning outcomes of the material of the senses of vision and human hearing in fourth-grade students of SDN Kalibanteng Kidul 03, Semarang City.
Enhancing Students Metacognitive Awareness and Scientific Reasoning through the Quantum Learning Model in High School Aeni, Saofiatul; Jufri, A. Wahab; Handayani, Baiq Sri; Ramdani, Agus
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i3.8953

Abstract

Students’ limited ability to connect theoretical concepts with real-life phenomena, coupled with monotonous lecture-based teaching, has led to low engagement in learning. This study investigates the effect of the Quantum Learning model on students’ metacognitive skills and scientific reasoning. Using a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group, the study involved 41 tenth-grade students at SMA 1 Labuapi, divided into an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 21), selected through saturated sampling. The Metacognitive Skills Scale (MSS), adapted from Mustafa and Nuray, and a scientific reasoning test based on the Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (CTSR) developed by Lawson, were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using paired sample t-tests at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results showed significant improvement in both groups, with the experimental group experiencing greater gains in metacognitive skills (mean diff. = -20.050; SD = 5.624; p = 0.000) and scientific reasoning (mean diff. = -32.200; SD = 5.978; p = 0.000) compared to the control group (metacognitive: -11.905; SD = 5.558; scientific reasoning: -14.619; SD = 5.826; both p = 0.000). These findings indicate that the Quantum Learning model is effective in enhancing metacognitive awareness as well as scientific reasoning and is recommended for use in science education to improve student engagement and thinking skills.
Hepatoprotector Edible Flower in Indonesia: A Review Kresnapati, I Nyoman Bagus Aji; Kurniawan, Salsabila Yunita; Novitarini, Novitarini; Pratiwi, Baiq Yulia Hasni
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i3.8983

Abstract

Hepatotoxicity is an agent that causes damage to human liver function, and every year, cases of liver damage are increasing. Agents that cause liver damage, such as drugs (Paracetamol), chemicals, Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4), cause liver damage, which is characterized by an increase in the liver enzymes Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT). Giving natural ingredients such as edible flower extracts (hepatoprotectors) can reduce SGOT and SGPT levels in liver damage (Hepatoxicity). Indonesia is a country rich in biodiversity, including edible flowers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze edible flowers that grow in Indonesia and have hepatoprotective activity. This research method is based on a Google Scholar search for the last 5 years (2024-2020) with a keyword search for herbal plants that grow in Indonesia, then selected edible flowers, and a search for edible flowers, then selected edible flowers that act as hepatoprotective. From the search results, edible flowers that act as hepatoprotectors were obtained, namely, Rosella Flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa), Pagoda Flower (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.), Water Hyacinth Flower (Eichhornia crassipes), French Marigold Flower (Tagetes Patula) and Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea), which grow abundantly in Indonesia. Based on the content of active edible compounds, namely flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, phenolic acids and carotenoids, with flavonoids being the most dominant found in all edible flowers. And among the 5 edible flowers as hepatoprotective, only 2 are the most familiar in Indonesia, namely Rosella Flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea), so it can be concluded that the most familiar hepatoprotective edible flowers in Indonesia are Rosella Flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea).
Molecular Docking and Pharmacoinformatics Study of Bioactive Compounds in Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus L.) as Antidiabetic Agents Targeting α-Glucosidase Nasution, Rani Sakila; Dewata, Indang; Yuhelman, Nofri; Sandrawati, Neny; Kusnanda, Arif Juliari
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i4.8994

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder whose prevalence continues to rise, necessitating safer and more effective therapeutic alternatives. This study aims to explore the potential of active compounds from the calamus plant (Acorus calamus L.) as candidates for α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitors using an in silico approach. Pharmacokinetic screening, toxicity prediction, and Lipinski's Rule of Five screening were conducted to assess the pharmacological suitability of the compounds, followed by molecular docking using MOE 2022 software. The results of the study showed that several compounds from the jeringau plant (Acorus calamus L.), such as galgravin and veraguensin, have strong binding affinity to the α-glucosidase enzyme with docking scores of −8.40 kcal/mol and −8.37 kcal/mol, respectively. Pharmacokinetic prediction results indicate that the test compounds have good absorption and meet druglikeness criteria. This study suggests that active compounds from jeringau have potential for development as natural-based antidiabetic agents. However, this research is limited to computational analysis without experimental data support, and compound selection is based on GC-MS results without further isolation or characterization. Further studies through in vitro and in vivo testing, as well as molecular dynamics simulations and ADMET predictions, are required to validate these findings comprehensively.
Antibacterial Potential of Single Black Garlic Extract Organosulfur Compounds on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria Destiana, Rindy Tya; Herdyastuti, Nuniek; Setyarini, Wahyu; Arizandy, Radita Yuniar
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i4.9002

Abstract

Single black garlic (SBG) is a product of processing garlic (Allium sativum L.) by heating it for several days. SBG has antibacterial activity due to the presence of organosulfur, phenolic and flavonoid compounds. This research aims to determine the antibacterial potential of SBG extract on Staphylococcus aureus and determine its chemical compound content based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis. The extract was obtained from the maceration method combined with a magnetic stirrer using 0, 30, 60 and 90% ethanol solvent. The antibacterial test used the disc diffusion method with a positive control of ciprofloxacin and a negative control of distilled water. LC-MS analysis of SBG extract with the best antibacterial activity. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that the SBG extract had antibacterial activity based on the presence of an inhibition zone. The largest zone of inhibition in the 90% ethanol solvent SBG extract was 27.71 mm, and the positive control was 22.58 mm. The SBG extract with the most optimal antibacterial activity was analyzed using LC-MS to produce 109 compounds which were divided into 15 different compound groups, some of which were allicin (5.900%) which was the compound with the most composition and innulotetraose (0.065%) which was the compound with the smallest composition in the SBG extract. Data from the antibacterial test results were processed using the IBM statistical program SPSS 25, a One-way ANOVA test, which aims to determine the effect of antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and data on the chemical compound content of the SBG extract were analyzed descriptively. SBG extract has the potential as an antibacterial which is classified as very strong in-vitro, so further in-vivo research is needed to apply the extract as an economical product that can treat skin infections and there are several compounds that dominate SBG extract with the highest antibacterial activity, such as organosulfur compounds, amino acids, flavonoids and phenolics based on LC-MS analysis.
Analysis of Seawater Quality in the Villa Ombak Gili Terawangan Area, Pemenang District Nurhidayah, Nurhidayah; Sholehah, Hijriati; Nurhidayatullah, Nurhidayatullah; Mulhidin, Mulhidin; Azwaruddin, Azwaruddin
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i4.9023

Abstract

Tourism is one of the most rapidly growing sectors globally and plays a vital role in regional development by contributing to foreign exchange earnings, job creation, and poverty alleviation. Gili Trawangan, a small island in West Lombok, is a popular marine tourism destination experiencing rapid growth in tourist visits and supporting infrastructure, such as hotels and restaurants. This growth has led to increased population density and higher environmental pressures, particularly in the form of liquid waste and pollutants entering coastal waters. If not properly managed, these pollutants can degrade water quality and marine ecosystems. This study aims to assess the quality of seawater in the Villa Ombak area of Gili Trawangan, located in Pemenang District. A quantitative research method was applied, with seawater samples collected from six stations using the Niskin bottle method at a depth of one meter. Parameters analyzed included physical (temperature, total suspended solids/TSS), chemical (pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen/DO, ammonia-N/NH₃-N, nitrate-N/NO₃-N, phosphate/PO₄, oil and fat), and biological (total and faecal coliform) characteristics. Laboratory analysis was conducted at the Mataram PUPR Laboratory, and results were compared to the Indonesian Government Regulation (PP) No. 22 of 2021 on seawater quality standards. The findings showed that all measured parameters met the required quality standards for marine tourism and biota. Recorded values included a temperature of 29°C, TSS 2.5 mg/L, pH 8.2, salinity 33 PSU, DO 6.9 mg/L, NH₃-N 0.019 mg/L, NO₃-N 0.0017 mg/L, oil and fat <0.03 mg/L, total coliform 185 MPN/100 mL, and faecal coliform 0 MPN/100 mL. Although still within safe limits, ongoing monitoring and environmental management are essential to prevent ecological degradation and to ensure the sustainability of marine tourism in the area.
Effectiveness of Desmanthus virgatus Leaf Ethyl Acetate Extract and Antiviral Drugs as Antirabies Based on In Silico Study Hendrawan, Syahrul; Ambarwati, Cindy; Tukiran, Tukiran
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 4 (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i4.9024

Abstract

Rabies is a deadly viral disease that has no effective therapy after clinical symptoms appear. This study aims to evaluate the antirabies potential of the dominant compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of Desmanthus virgatus leaves, as well as several antiviral drugs, through an in silico approach. The extract was obtained through maceration and partitioning methods using ethyl acetate solvent, then analyzed using LC-MS, which identified 182 secondary metabolite compounds, and ten dominant compounds were selected for further analysis. These compounds, along with seven antiviral drugs, were docked against the rabies virus glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6LGX) using AutoDockTools 4.2.6 software. The docking results were analyzed based on the values of binding affinity, inhibition constant (Ki), and interaction with active amino acid residues.  Quercitrin and quercimeritrin were the dominant flavonoid glycosides in the ethyl acetate extract of D. virgatus leaves that showed binding affinity values of -8.45 kcal/mol and -8.10 kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, bictegravir and tegobuvir showed binding affinity values of -9.17 kcal/mol and -9.05 kcal/mol, respectively. Four compounds indicated potential as antirabies drugs. Pharmacokinetic feasibility tests using Lipinski parameters showed that most of the dominant compounds violated one or more parameters, especially the number of hydrogen bond donors/acceptors and molecular weight. However, such violations were also found in some antiviral drugs that have been used, such as remdesivir and darunavir. These results suggest that D. virgatus leaf extracts contain compounds with promising potential antirabies activity and deserve further investigation through in vitro and in vivo tests.

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