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Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 24072354     EISSN : 24770612     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/psr
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Aims Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (PSR), an international, peer-reviewed, open access, and official journal from Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, aims to disseminate research results and findings in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices. Major area of interest is natural products in drug discovery and development. We also consider other areas related to pharmaceutical sciences and practices. PSR publishes content in English language to promote the sharing of knowledge to international scholars. PSR publish 5 types of articles: 1. Original article 2. Case report 3. Case series 4. Review article 5. Mini review article Scope Researches in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices which are covered by PSR are within these subject areas: - Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Pharmaceutical Technology - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Clinical Pharmacy - Pharmacology-Toxicology - Social and Administrative Pharmacy, including Pharmacoeconomy
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Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 5, No. 3" : 12 Documents clear
Bioanalisis Metabolit Gliklazida Dalam Mikrosom Hati Manusia Dengan Metode HPLC Suharjono, Suharjono
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 5, No. 3
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Gliclazide (GZ) is oral sulphonylurea-2 generation used for treatment of diabetes mellitus type-2. Gliclazide is metabolized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of liver, which can be made in preparation of human liver microsomes. These microsomes rich in cytochrome P450 (CYP450). Major metabolite of GZ in the microsomes are, 7β-OH-GZ, 6α-OHGz, 6β-OH-GZ, and Me-OH-GZ. HPLC method for GZ me-tabolites was done without extraction by organic solvents, but with direct precipita-tion GZ incubation results in the human liver microsomes using perchloric acid. The aim of the study is to determine the level of four GZ metabolites in human liver microsomes by HPLC method. Gliclazide 400 µM were incubated in human liver microsomes using regenerating reagent at 370C for 90 minutes. The reaction were terminated by cooling the incubation tubes at 40C and the addition of 10 µl perchloric acid 70%, then were added 20 µl solution of internal standard of chlopropamide 200 µM, were centrifuged 14,000 rpm for 10 minutes, supernatan taken. Then 200 µl supernatan were added 5 µl of 2 M NaOH, were mixed and centrifuged again at 14,000 rpm for 5 minutes. Then 65 µl supernatant were injected into HPLC column (Beckman), column Ultrasphere ODS 5 µM 4.6 mm x 25 cm, UV detector at 235 nm. HPLC eluent solution was 5mM acetate buffer (pH 4.3)-Acetonitrile (70: 30), with a flow rate of 1.5 ml / min. The retention times of 7β-OH-GZ, 6α-OHGz, 6β-OH-GZ, Me-OH-GZ, chlorpropamide (IS) and Gliclazide were 4.40; 4.58; 5.55; 7.3; 12.30 and 36 minutes (without microsomes) and that with microsomes only 3 metabolites GZ were measured, except metabolite of 6α-OHGz. Linearity, recovery, reproducibility, precision were very good for determining metabolites GZ in human liver microsomes. Bioanalysis by HPLC method for the main metabolites of 7β-OH-GZ, 6β-OH-GZ and Me-OH-GZ were appropriate, because the method were selected, cheap, easy, fast and good validity.
Studi Mutasi Titik A3243G DNA Mitokondria Penyebab Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness Sriwidodo, Sriwidodo; Suprijana, O; Subroto, Toto; Maksum, Iman Permana
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 5, No. 3
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Point mutation of mitochondrial DNA A3243G has been known as a cause of Mater-nally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness (MIDD). Potency of MIDD can be identified from patient phenotype of Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM). The objective of this study is acquiring information about MIDD on patient of NIDDM type and obtaining the simple method to detect the point mutation of mtDNA A3243G. 50 NIDDM patients were attained from RSCM Hospital, Jakarta. Information con-cerning family history with NIDDM and existences of deafness, medication, and other complication and manifestation were obtained through interview and ques-tioner. Point mutation of A3243G was determined with the method of PCR Allele’s Specific Amplification (PASA) Mismatch 2 bases and PCR-Restriction Length Poly-morphism (PCR-RFLP) with the HaeIIl restriction enzyme. Detectable Potency MIDD was found by perceiving the patient phenotype and identifying the mutation of heteroplasmic A3243G utilizing the PASA method.
Pengembangan Pendidikan Profesi Apoteker Untuk Mendukung Eksistensi Apoteker di Apotek Sukrasno, Sukrasno
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 5, No. 3
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Aphothec is a place for pharmacy services especially for pharmacist who dedicates his competency in the community. The policy no pharmacist no service is a strategic policy that has to be supported by all members of Indonesian Pharmacist Association. This policy can only be accomplished if pharmacists produced are equipped with com-petencies that are needed to run an apothec and also supported with adequate motiva-tion. Transformation of senior pharmacist that has been socially established will not give significant impact. To produce competent pharmacist, transformation in educa-tion process especially for pharmacist in the apothec is needed. Transformation must be based on the need of competency and supporting resources. Only with adequate supporting resources, the education process will yield output that match with the demand of formulated competency. As professional practician, new pharmacist has to be able to demonstrate his competency in the apothec. This competency can only be gained through experiences in handling similar activities in the job field. In this scheme, professional pharmacy student has to work in the relevant job field for certain period followed by certification test conducted by certified professional pharmacy edu-cation provider. Only participants that pass the certification test are eligible to hold apothecary (pharmacist) degree and to run an apothec. The education provider can be university by involving certified pharmacist as examiner. This scheme is developed based on the study on the professional pharmacy education scheme implemented in various countries.
Kejadian Reaksi Obat yang Tidak Dikehendaki yang Menyebabkan Pasien Usia Lanjut Dirawat Di Ruang Perawatan Penyakit Dalam Instalasi Rawat Inap B Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Christianie, Merry; Setiati, Siti; Trisna, Yulia; Andrajati, Retnosari
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 5, No. 3
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Objectives. To determine the prevalence of adverse drug reaction related hospital ad-missions in geriatric patients, to describe the most frequent clinical manifestations and the drugs responsible to adverse drug reaction related hospital admissions. Design. Observational cross-sectional study. Methods. Naranjo algorithm used to assess the adverse drug reaction causality. Subjects and setting. Geriatric patients admitted to geriatric inpatient installation of Cipto Mangunkusumo general hospital over one month period and assessed for cause of admissions. Results. 14,7% of 102 admissions were identified to be adverse drug reaction related hospital admissions. One adverse drug reaction was categorized as definite and 14 were probable causality. Gastrointestinal bleeding and hypoglicemia were the most common clinical manifestation found. The drugs most frequent responsible for these adverse drug reactions were nonsteroidal antiinflamatory drugs and oral antidiabetic drugs. Conclusion. Adverse drug reactions are an important cause of hospital admission in geriatric patients.
Kajian Keamanan Pemakaian Obat Anti-Hipertensi Di Poliklinik Usia Lanjut Instalasi Rawat Jalan RS Dr Sardjito Ikawati, Zullies
Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 5, No. 3
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Abstract

Increasing age is generally followed by increasing chronic diseases so that the elderly needs much therapy using drugs for therapy of numerous diseases they have. Hyper-tension is one of diseases of which its prevalence increases along with increasing age. Most of the elderly diagnosed as having hypertension finally take therapy using anti-hypertension drugs. Physiological changes that happen to the elderly lead to use of drugs for side effect diseases of which their consumption should be considered while having anti-hypertension drugs. Changes in biological system to the elderly will af-fect the process of drug molecular interaction, which finally affects clinical efficacy and pharmacotherapeutic safety. Meanwhile, minimizing the problem of drug use insecurity is one of good prescription demands in the implementation of clinical pharmacy. To identify and study safety of anti-hypertension drug use at the elderly polyclinic of Dr. Sardjito Hospital Outpatient Installation by identifying and evalu-ating contraindication, interaction and side effect of anti-hypertension drugs. This was a descriptive study with data taken prospectivelly from 80 patients of the elderly polyclinic of Dr. Sardjito Hospital Outpatients Installation from November 14 to December 13, 2005. Data were obtained from medical records, interviews and ques-tionnaires. The study on contraindication, interaction and side effect of drugs which happened was based on a guideline book. There was 27.5% of patients took anti-hypertension drugs which were not beneficial to patients’ clinical condition, so the that use of antihypertension drugs needs monitoring. As much as 41.3% of patients took combined drugs potential to cause interaction, 8.7% of which had clinical symp-toms presumed to be related with possibility of increasing drug interaction effect. As much as 33.8% of patients had at least one drug side effect considered to be related or possibly related with anti-hypertension medication. Use of anti-hypertension drugs among the elderly had not been relatively safe because there was drug combination potential of causing interaction, light drug side effect and the possibility of contrain-dication due to use of anti-hypertension drugs which was not beneficial to patients’ clinical condition so that monitoring to use of anti-hypertension drugs was needed.
Efek Anti-tifoid Minyak Atsiri Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoria Rosc.) pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus L) yang Terinfeksi Salmonella typhi Rina Yanti Eff, Aprilita
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 3
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Temu putih (Curcuma zedoria Rosc.) contains essential oils that have antibacterial effects, in which one of the example is against Salmonella typhi. The aim of this study is to find out the anti-typhoid effect of essential oil from temu putih in rat infected by Salmonella typhi using widal test. The study was conducted experimentally. Rats were divided into six groups, i.e., normal control group, negative control group which was given PGA 10%, positive control group, which was administered chloramphenicol suspension 20 mg / 250 g BB, experiment group 1, 2 and 3 which were administerd emulsion essential oil at a dose of 14 mg / mL, 28 mg / mL, 42 mg / mL, respectively. Antibody titer was measured on day 1 (Widal test I), day 8 (Widal test II) and on day 14 (Widal test III). After the Widal test I, rats were induced Salmonella typhi bacterial suspension for 7 days orally, except for normal control group, and followed by administration of treatment 3 times daily for 7 consecutive days according to the group. The result of Widal test I shows negative value on all groups of animal test, whereas Widal test II result shows an increase of titer antigen Salmonella typhi O and H ranging from 1/80 up to 1/320 in rats induced by Salmonella typhi bacteria. Essential oil from Curcuma zedoria Rosc at doses of 14 mg / mL, 28 mg / mL and 42 mg / mL decreased the Salmonella typhi O and H antigen titer in rats infected by Salmonella typhi and has anti-typhoid effect.
Synthesis of Polymer-Drug Conjugates Using Natural Polymer: What, Why and How? Sagita, Erny; Syahdi, Rezi Riadhi; Arrahman, Arif
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 3
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For years, natural polymers have played a significant role in pharmaceutical field due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In Indonesia, most research in natural polymers focus on application of the polymers as inert pharmaceutical excipients or as drug matrix in micro- and nano- particle. Meanwhile, research about polymers in the world (mostly synthetic polymers) have been progressed to advanced drug delivery system. In this system, the polymer can act as either pharmacologically active molecules, or sophisticated carrier in targeted prodrug delivery system. The latter is called polymer-drug conjugates, a system where the drugs are covalently attached to a polymeric carrier, rather than simply entrapped in polymer matrix. Natural polymers have been one of the materials to use for the carrier due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review article emphasizes the opportunity, challenges and strategies to use natural polymers as carrier in polymer-drug conjugates. Moreover, we also discuss some aspects in regards of the synthesis and analysis, to give some perspectives and encouragement for the Indonesian researcher who are interested in exploring this research field.
Aktivitas Afrodisiaka Fraksi dari Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L). Merr) Pada Tikus Putih Jantan Rusdi, Numlil Khaira; Hikmawanti, Ni Putu Ermi; Maifitrianti, Maifitrianti; Ulfah, Yuanita Sofiana; Annisa, Ayyoehan Tiara
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 3
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Decreased of libido is illustrated with disinterest in sexual activity caused by erectile dysfunction, impotence, and infertility. It can be treated by aphrodisiac agents. Katuk or Sauropus androgynus (L). Merr has long been used as a medicinal plant. The aim of this research was to evaluate which fraction of katuk leaf ethanol extract that had the aphrodisiac activity with parameters of climbing, introduction and the weight of testicular and seminal vesicle of male rat. Sprague-Dawley male rats as animals model divided into five groups: the normal control group, the positive control group (X-gra®), the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water fraction groups in which each fraction group given a dose of 11.85 mg/kg body weight. The number of climbing and introductions were calculated on 0, 1st, 3th, and 5th day. The data were tested statistically with one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey test. The weight of testicular and seminal vesicle of male rat were observed on the 15th day. Previously, rats were anesthetized using ketamine and then performed surgery. The results showed that the n-hexane fraction (11.85 mg/kg body weight) increased libido with the average number of climbing was 16.5 times and the average number of introductions was 27.75 times. It was also able to increase the weight of testicular and seminal vesicle of male rat compare to positive control (X-gra® 51.37 mg/kg body weight). The compounds contained in n-hexane fraction are terpenoids and steroids.
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Hidroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) terhadap Stabilitas Fisik Gel Ekstrak Tembakau (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) dan Aktivitasnya terhadap Streptococcus mutans Yati, Kori; Jufri, Mahdi; Gozan, Misri; Mardiastuti, Mardiastuti; Dwita, Lusi Putri
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 3
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Tobacco extract had been proven to have antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. To maximize the use of tobacco extract on topical use as an antibacterial, it could be formulated into a pharmaceutical preparation. This study aimed to formulate tobacco extract in gel preparation by using Hidroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) as a gelling agent and to test its activity on S. mutans. The tobacco extract gel was prepared in 3 formulas with variations of HPMC concentration of 1.5% (F1), 2% (F2) and 2.5% (F3). The research began with tobacco extraction, then continued with characteristics evaluation. The extract was formulated in gel form and evaluated for 12 weeks of physical stability. Antibacterial activity was tested using the diffusion method. The evaluation results of tobacco extract gel showed that all formulas were stable during 12 weeks storage. Antimicrobial activity against S.mutans showed inhibitory diameter of F1, F2 and F3, were 9,07 mm, 19,53 mm, and 11,57 mm respectively. The test was continued by determining the relative potential of F2 compared to erythromycin. The test results showed 1.2 x 10-2 relative potential compare to erythromycin. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that HPMC concentration difference did not give significant difference to the physical stability of tobacco gel, with the best antibacterial activity on S. mutans obtained from F2.
Karakterisasi Gelatin Hasil Ekstraksi dari Kulit Ikan Patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) dengan Proses Asam dan Basa Nasution, Azlaini Yus; Harmita, Harmita; Harahap, Yahdiana
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Vol. 5, No. 3
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Gelatin in the majority market comes from pigs and cows. The raw material of gelatin manufacture from other sources continue to be studied because it closely related with halal product. Currently gelatin from fish is an alternative to gelatin making. Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is a fish species developed in Kampar regency of Riau Province. The catfish skin can be used as raw material source in gelatin production. This study aims to compare the characteristics of gelatin extracted from catfish skin with acid and alkaline pretreatment. In the acid pretreatment, sulfuric acid is used until the solution at pH 3, then it is extracted with distilled water at 60ºC. In the alkaline pretreatment, the sample was added by 0.2 N NaOH followed by 0.05 N acetic acid and then extracted with distilled water at 60ºC. Characterizations done were including calculation of rendement value, organoleptic test, moisture content, pH, ash content, viscosity, gel strength and texture profile analysis using texture analyzer, protein content with Kjeldahl method and analysis amino acid with HPLC. Characterization of catfish gelatin with acid process gives the following results: rendement (14.94%), water content (9.80%), pH (5.14), ash (0.19%), viscosity (3.12 cP), protein content (97.71%), and highest amino acids, glycine = 16.90 %, proline = 11.08%, glutamic acid = 9.10 %. The result of gelatin characterizations with alkaline process: rendement (14.30%), water content (7.25%), and pH (5.35), ash content (1.54%), viscosity (5.35 cP), gel strength (141,5 g), protein content (91.92%), the highest amino acid content are glycine = 18.15%, proline = 12.30%, glutamic acid = 10.73%. Catfish gelatin through alkaline pretreatment exhibits better properties than acid pretreatment.

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