Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Humorous Content on Social Media:Political Education against Money Politics in General Elections Hidayaturrahman, Mohammad; Ubaid, Ahmad Hasan; Muchlashin, Anif
Reflection Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/jq7hs545

Efforts to prevent money politics in Indonesian elections have failed miserably. The enactment of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Elections, which imposes criminal sanctions and fines on perpetrators, has failed to eradicate money politics. The Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) has also failed to punish perpetrators of money politics. This study was conducted to determine the political education provided by netizens in combating money politics in Indonesia. This study used digital research methods to collect data on content created by netizens on YouTube, X, and TikTok. Data analysis using content analysis techniques. The study results revealed that political education provided by netizens to counter money politics on social media was delivered in three forms of humorous content. First, netizens urged legislative candidates not to give money to prospective voters, and also urged prospective voters not to accept money from legislative candidates. Second, they urged prospective voters to reject money politics offered by legislative candidates. Third, they warned prospective voters not to vote for legislative candidates involved in money politics. The novelty of this study lies in the finding that political education in the digital era is not only carried out by political parties, religious mass organizations, or public figures, but also by netizens, as a form of concern about bad political practices in general elections. Practically, this study has implications for the importance of strengthening anti-money laundering messages by Bawaslu and the General Elections Commission (KPU) on social media, not only through conventional media such as banners and billboards

Hybrid-PjBL Model Integrating Local Wisdom, Scientific Curiosity, and Metacognitive Awareness: Content and Construct Validity Fatmawati, Baiq; Calaminos, Franklin; Asy’ari, Muhmmad; Hunaepi, Hunaepi
Reflection Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/g9r23a07

Procedural knowledge is an essential component of 21st-century science learning because it enables students to select, apply, and evaluate strategies for solving scientific problems. Project-Based Learning (PjBL) is widely recognized as a student-centered model for developing problem-solving, collaboration, and higher-order thinking skills; however, its implementation still requires stronger support for students’ learning regulation, motivation, and contextual scientific inquiry. This study examined the content validity, expert-based construct coherence, and reliability of a Hybrid Project-Based Learning (Hybrid-PjBL) model integrating local wisdom, scientific curiosity, and metacognitive awareness to support prospective science teachers’ procedural knowledge. This study represents the validation stage of a development research project. The developed model and its supporting tools, including semester learning plans (RPS), learning scenarios, modules, student worksheets (LKPD), and assessment instruments, were validated through a focus group discussion involving seven validators: four experts and three practitioners. Data were collected using validation sheets and analyzed descriptively using validity coefficients and reliability estimates. The results showed that the Hybrid-PjBL model was valid and reliable (rα = 0.76; α = 0.86). The supporting tools were also categorized as valid and reliable, including RPS (rα = 0.85; α = 0.92), learning scenarios (rα = 0.81; α = 0.89), modules (rα = 0.78; α = 0.88), LKPD (rα = 0.95; α = 0.97), and assessment instruments (rα = 0.88; α = 0.93). These findings indicate that the developed model and tools are appropriate for further practicality and effectiveness testing in real classroom settings

A Psycholinguistic Approach in Prenatal Care: The Effectiveness of Madurese-Language EFT Videos in Reducing Maternal Anxiety Suwarni, Linda; Ningsih, Sri Wahyu; Selviana, Selviana
Reflection Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/q0db5e89

Unhealthy prenatal anxiety carries the risk of triggering complications for the mother and fetus, such as Low Birth Weight (LBW). This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) video in Madurese on the anxiety levels, knowledge, and attitudes of pregnant women. Using a pre-experimental design (one group pretest-posttest), this study involved 32 respondents in Sungai Malaya Village, Kubu Raya Regency, selected through purposive sampling. The intervention was a 5-minute 59-second educational video that integrated modern psychology, acupressure, and a local language approach. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test analysis showed a significant increase in knowledge (p=0.048) and attitudes (p=0.001), while anxiety scores decreased substantially from 29.72 to 24.50 (p=0.001). Psycholinguistically, the use of the mother tongue has been shown to reduce cognitive barriers and build emotional closeness, making educational messages more easily accepted through imagination. The tangible impact after the intervention showed changes in maternal behavior, becoming calmer and more adaptive in managing daily stress, as well as a shift from a passive to a more proactive attitude towards mental health prevention efforts. This study contributes to public health strategies in creating inclusive and culturally based intervention models. In conclusion, the local language-based EFT intervention was effective in triggering changes in preventive behavior and reducing anxiety levels in pregnant women clinically, while also serving as a reference for health promotion programs in rural areas with ethnic diversity.

Hubungan Intensitas Belajar dan Disiplin Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa di SDN 6 Menteng Palangka Raya Nopie, Nopie; Putra, Chandra Anugrah; Misyanto, Misyanto
Reflection Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/xqbw8968

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan parsial dan simultan antara intensitas belajar dan disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa di SDN 6 Menteng Palangka Raya. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif metode korelasional, penelitian ini melibatkan 55 siswa kelas V sebagai sampel yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling dari total populasi 337 siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan korelasi ganda dengan bantuan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata intensitas belajar 54,80 dan disiplin belajar 41,96 (kategori sedang), serta hasil belajar matematika 68,18 (kategori baik). Hasil uji-t menunjukkan nilai hitung untuk intensitas belajar 2,674 dan disiplin belajar 2,709, yang keduanya melebihi nilai t tabel 2,006. Secara simultan, nilai F hitung 67,317 lebih besar dari F tabel 3,175. Koefisien determinasi menunjukkan nilai R Square 0,721 atau 72%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa intensitas belajar dan disiplin belajar memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya penerapan disiplin dan pengelolaan waktu belajar yang baik sebagai strategi utama dalam meningkatkan prestasi akademik siswa. The Relationship Between Learning Intensity and Learning Discipline on Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes at SDN 6 Menteng Palangka Raya This study aims to analyze the partial and simultaneous relationships between learning intensity and learning discipline on students' mathematics learning outcomes at SDN 6 Menteng, Palangka Raya. Using a quantitative correlational approach, the study involved 55 fifth-grade students selected through purposive sampling from a total population of 337 students. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation, then analyzed using multiple correlations using SPSS. The results showed an average learning intensity of 54.80, learning discipline of 41.96 (moderate category), and mathematics learning outcomes of 68.18 (good category). The t-test results showed a calculated value for learning intensity of 2.674 and learning discipline of 2.709, both of which exceeded the t-table value of 2.006. Simultaneously, the calculated F-value of 67.317 was greater than the F-table value of 3.175. The coefficient of determination showed an R-square of 0.721, or 72%. It can be concluded that learning intensity and learning discipline have a positive and significant relationship on mathematics learning outcomes. This finding emphasizes the importance of implementing discipline and good study time management as the main strategy in improving students' academic achievement

Development and Initial Validation of a Web-Based Interactive Bilingual Module for MKDU Learning in Higher Education Hendrik, Marion Derissilfia Grace; Yanti, Intan Ratna Sari; Muhammad, Muhammad; Pereira, Clarenca Sweetdiva; Neves, Joanino Gaspar Das; Kusumawardani, Heni
Reflection Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/rj.v6i2.4886

Digital transformation in higher education requires adaptive, flexible, and relevant instructional materials that respond to the characteristics of digital-native students. General Basic Courses, locally referred to as Mata Kuliah Dasar Umum (MKDU), play a strategic role in developing interdisciplinary competencies; however, their instructional delivery remains largely conventional and has not been optimally integrated with digital technology and bilingual academic literacy support. This study aims to develop and conduct an initial validation of a web-based interactive bilingual module to support MKDU learning in higher education. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach by adapting the Borg and Gall model, including needs analysis, product planning, initial prototype development, expert validation, product revision, and limited user testing. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 30 students, semi-structured interviews with three MKDU lecturers, expert validation, and user response questionnaires involving 15 students. The needs analysis showed that 83.3% of students required web-based learning access, 86.7% needed bilingual presentation, and 90.0% preferred interactive quizzes and multimedia features. Expert validation indicated that the prototype was valid to highly valid, with Aiken’s V scores ranging from 0.88 to 0.91, while user responses showed good to very good ratings. The main contribution of this study is the development of an initial web-based bilingual MKDU module prototype that integrates user needs analysis, TPACK principles, bilingual academic terminology, multimedia, and formative quizzes within a unified digital learning environment.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas X pada Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Tongkad, Arnila; Hafid, Radia; Ardiansyah, Ardiansyah; Mahmud, Melizubaida; Polamolo , Cristian
Reflection Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/egwj3c09

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas X pada mata pelajaran Ekonomi di SMA Negeri 1 Suwawa, Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Meskipun berbagai penelitian sebelumnya telah menunjukkan efektivitas PBL dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, masih terdapat gap penelitian terkait penerapannya secara spesifik pada konteks pembelajaran Ekonomi di tingkat SMA, khususnya pada materi Industri Keuangan Non Bank (IKNB), serta keterbatasan studi yang menggunakan desain kuantitatif korelasional untuk mengukur besaran pengaruh secara empiris. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain survei korelasional, yang bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan dan pengaruh antara variabel tanpa melakukan manipulasi. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 123 siswa dengan sampel sebanyak 56 responden yang dipilih melalui teknik simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear sederhana dengan bantuan SPSS versi 21.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PBL memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, dengan nilai t-hitung 7,949 > t-tabel 2,004 dan koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 53,9%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa 53,9% variabilitas kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dipengaruhi oleh penerapan PBL, sedangkan sisanya 46,1% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti. Dengan demikian, semakin baik penerapan PBL, semakin tinggi kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. The Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on Critical Thinking Abilities of Grade X Students in Economics Subject This study aims to determine the effect of the application of Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on the critical thinking skills of tenth grade students in Economics subject at SMA Negeri 1 Suwawa, Bone Bolango Regency. Although various previous studies have shown the effectiveness of PBL in improving critical thinking skills, there is still a research gap related to its specific application in the context of Economics learning at the high school level, especially in the Non-Bank Financial Industry (IKNB) material, as well as limitations of studies that use quantitative correlational designs to measure the magnitude of the effect empirically. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational survey design, which aims to test the relationship and influence between variables without manipulation. The study population was 123 students with a sample of 56 respondents selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation, then analyzed using simple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 21.0. The results showed that PBL has a positive and significant influence on students' critical thinking skills, with a calculated t-value of 7.949 > t-table 2.004 and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 53.9%. This indicates that 53.9% of the variability in students' critical thinking skills is influenced by the implementation of PBL, while the remaining 46.1% is influenced by other variables not examined. Therefore, the better the implementation of PBL, the higher the students' critical thinking skills.

Pengembangan E-modul Kimia Berbasis PBL dan Deep Learning pada Materi Termokimia Sitinjak, Ezra Rohanauli; Pulungan, Ahmad Nasir; Dalimunthe, Makharany; Kurniawan, Ekin Dwi Arif; Pratiwi, Alfira Julian; Ardila, Mutia; Samosir, Rafidah Almira
Reflection Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/4rgcf177

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan e-modul kimia berbasis Problem-Based Learning (PBL) yang terintegrasi dengan pendekatan deep learning pada materi termokimia serta menganalisis kelayakan, kepraktisan, dan efektivitasnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development dengan model 4D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Subjek penelitian adalah 32 siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 17 Medan yang dipilih secara purposive sampling karena mewakili kemampuan akademik heterogen dan sesuai kebutuhan uji coba produk. Instrumen penelitian meliputi lembar validasi ahli, angket respons siswa, serta tes hasil belajar pretest-posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan e-modul berada pada kategori sangat layak untuk aspek media (86%) dan layak untuk aspek materi (73,38%). Respons siswa menunjukkan kategori praktis, sedangkan efektivitas ditunjukkan oleh nilai N-gain 0,71 (kategori tinggi). Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi PBL dan deep learning dalam bahan ajar digital mampu memperkuat pembelajaran bermakna, keterlibatan siswa, dan pemahaman konseptual pada materi kimia. Development of a PBL- and Deep Learning-Based Chemistry E-Module on Thermochemistry This study aims to develop a chemistry e-module based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) that integrates a deep learning approach into thermochemistry material, as well as to analyze its feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness. This study employs the Research and Development method using the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The subjects of the study were 32 eleventh-grade students at State High School 17 Medan, selected via purposive sampling because they represented a heterogeneous academic ability and met the requirements for product testing. Research instruments included an expert validation sheet, a student response questionnaire, and pretest-posttest learning outcome tests. The results of the study indicate that the e-module falls into the “highly suitable” category for the media aspect (86%) and the “suitable” category for the content aspect (73.38%). Student responses indicate the “practical” category, while effectiveness is demonstrated by an N-gain value of 0.71 (high category). These findings confirm that the integration of PBL and deep learning in digital instructional materials can enhance meaningful learning, student engagement, and conceptual understanding of chemistry content.

Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi Dan Disiplin Terhadap Kinerja Guru SMP Negeri 15 Malang Suwaiba, Suwaiba; Graha, Andi Nu; Wilujeng, Sri
Reflection Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/bn3ag090

Teacher performance is a key factor in determining the quality of national education, as teachers function not only as knowledge providers but also as facilitators, motivators, and character builders for students. However, observations indicate that teacher performance remains suboptimal, particularly in learning innovation, discipline consistency, and work motivation. This study aims to analyze the influence of competence (X1), motivation (X2), and discipline (X3) on teacher performance (Y) at SMP Negeri 15 Malang, both simultaneously and partially. A quantitative survey method with saturated sampling was applied, involving 46 teachers. Data were collected using a validated and reliable Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through multiple linear regression with SPSS. The results show that competence, motivation, and discipline simultaneously and partially have a significant effect on teacher performance. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.632 indicates that 63.2% of teacher performance variation is explained by these variables. The regression equation obtained is Y = 12.644 + 0.589X1 + 0.066X2 + 0.130X3. Improving teacher performance requires strengthening competence, motivation, and discipline in an integrated manner.

Efek Media PowerPoint Interaktif terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPS Agantu, Meisin; Ardiansyah, Ardiansyah; Damiti, Fatmawaty; Bumulo, Frahmawati; Sudirman, Sudirman
Reflection Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/836m5r19

Rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS masih menjadi permasalahan dalam proses pembelajaran, yang ditunjukkan oleh kurangnya keterlibatan siswa, rendahnya pemahaman materi, serta capaian nilai yang belum memenuhi standar ketuntasan minimal. Kondisi tersebut diduga dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan media pembelajaran yang masih konvensional dan kurang interaktif. Meskipun berbagai penelitian telah mengkaji penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi, penelitian mengenai penggunaan media PowerPoint (PPT) interaktif pada pembelajaran IPS di tingkat SMP masih terbatas, khususnya dalam mengukur pengaruhnya terhadap hasil belajar siswa secara kuantitatif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran PowerPoint (PPT) interaktif terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMP Negeri 1 Botupingge. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penggunaan media PPT interaktif yang dirancang dengan unsur visual, animasi, dan feedback interaktif untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran IPS. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode asosiatif. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 83 siswa kelas VIII yang dipilih menggunakan teknik sampling tertentu. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui angket untuk mengukur penggunaan media PPT interaktif dan dokumentasi nilai hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear sederhana setelah melalui uji validitas, reliabilitas, dan normalitas data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran PowerPoint (PPT) interaktif berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,002 < 0,05. Besarnya kontribusi pengaruh ditunjukkan oleh nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 11,2%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media PPT interaktif dapat menjadi alternatif media pembelajaran yang mendukung peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS. The Effect of Interactive PowerPoint Media on Improving Social Studies Learning Outcomes Low student learning outcomes in social studies remain a problem in the learning process, indicated by a lack of student engagement, low understanding of the material, and grades that do not meet the minimum completion standards. This condition is thought to be influenced by the use of conventional and less interactive learning media. Although various studies have examined the use of technology-based learning media, research on the use of interactive PowerPoint (PPT) media in social studies learning at the junior high school level is still limited, especially in measuring its influence on student learning outcomes quantitatively. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of the use of interactive PowerPoint (PPT) learning media on the learning outcomes of eighth-grade students in social studies at SMP Negeri 1 Botupingge. The novelty of this study lies in the use of interactive PPT media designed with visual elements, animation, and interactive feedback to increase student engagement in social studies learning. This study uses a quantitative approach with an associative method. The research sample consisted of 83 eighth-grade students selected using a specific sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire to measure the use of interactive PPT media and documentation of student learning outcomes in social studies. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression after testing for validity, reliability, and normality. The results showed that the use of interactive PowerPoint (PPT) learning media had a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes with a significance value of 0.002 < 0.05. The magnitude of the contribution of this influence is indicated by the coefficient of determination of 11.2%. These findings indicate that the use of interactive PPT media can be an alternative learning medium that supports improving student learning outcomes in social studies

Development of the KAI Model (Collaborative, Adaptive, Individual) to Improve Elementary School Students’ Literacy Supraptini, Caecillia; Putra, Chandra Anugrah; Hendri, Hendri
Reflection Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/sc3bwe47

This study developed the KAI Model, an instructional innovation integrating collaborative, adaptive, and individual learning to improve literacy instruction at SD Negeri Balai Riam. The study was motivated by classroom conditions in which literacy learning remained largely teacher-centered, learning strategies were limited, and students showed varied reading abilities. Using a Research and Development design with the 4D model consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate stages, this study produced a literacy learning model, teaching module, student worksheets, and assessment instruments for Grade IV Indonesian language learning. Data were collected through observation, interviews, expert validation, teacher and student responses, and pretest-posttest assessment. The results show that the KAI Model was highly feasible, with expert validation scores of 90% for media feasibility, 100% for material feasibility, 83.3% for language feasibility, and an overall average of 91.1%. Classroom implementation indicated that the model could be applied systematically through orientation, collaborative text discussion, adaptive task differentiation, individual literacy work, and reflection. The model also received positive responses from teachers and students because it encouraged active participation, peer discussion, motivation, and independent learning. Its effectiveness was demonstrated by an increase in students’ average literacy score from 55.7 in the pretest to 77.2 in the posttest, with a moderate N-Gain of approximately 0.49. These findings indicate that the KAI Model is valid, practical, and effective as a contextual literacy learning model for elementary schools.

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Hunaepi

Contact Email
reflection.litpam@gmail.com

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
reflection.litpam@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Location
Kota mataram,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Hunaepi

Contact Email reflection.litpam@gmail.com

Phone -

Journal Mail Official reflection.litpam@gmail.com

Editorial Address Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Location Kota mataram, Nusa tenggara barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Hunaepi

Contact Email
reflection.litpam@gmail.com

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
reflection.litpam@gmail.com

Editorial Address
Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Location
Kota mataram,

Nusa tenggara barat

INDONESIA