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Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy
Published by Universitas Islam Bandung
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28282116     DOI : https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v2i2
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy (BCSP) menerbitkan artikel penelitian akademik tentang kajian teoritis dan terapan serta berfokus pada Farmasi dengan ruang lingkup Airlock system Kanker, Alcohol, Antelmintik, Antigastritis drugs, Antioksidan, Artemia franciscana, Ascaris suum, Cacing babi (Ascaris suum Goeze), Contact Bioautography TLC, Daun cincau hijau (Cyclea barbata Miers), Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam), Diabetes mellitus, DPPH Flavonoid, Fenilpropanolamin, Fermentasi, Flavonoid, Flavonol,Iles-iles, Isolasi, Lichen, Malassezia furfur, Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), Obat antidiabetes (OAD) Propionibacterium acnes, Obat tradisional, Parkia Speciosa Antibakteri, Pektin, Propionibacterium Acnes, Pseudoefedrin, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Spektrofotometri uv sinar tampak, Staphylococcus epidermidis, uji aktivitas antibakteri, Uji sitotoksik, Usnea baileyi. Prosiding ini diterbitkan oleh UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba. Artikel yang dikirimkan ke prosiding ini akan diproses secara online dan menggunakan double blind review minimal oleh dua orang mitra bebestari.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 524 Documents
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Perbandingan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Manis terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Jerawat Devi Fitriyanti; Siti Hazar; Suwendar Suwendar
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 509 - 516
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25146

Abstract

Abstract. Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disorder, including in Indonesia with a prevalence reaches 80–85%. The increasing risk of bacterial resistance associated with prolonged antibiotic use has encouraged the exploration of natural antibacterial agents. Sweet starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) leaf are known to contain secondary metabolites with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity. The leaves were extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. The 30% extract showed the highest antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 11.12 ± 0.38 mm against C.acnes and 11.62 ± 0.21 mm against S.epidermidis. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the treatment groups (p<0,05). The 70% ethanol extract of sweet starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) leaves possesses antibacterial activity against both acne-associated bacteria, with greater inhibitory activity against S.epidermidis than C.acnes. Abstrak. Jerawat (acne vulgaris) merupakah salah satu masalah kulit yang sering dijumpai diberbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia dengan prevalensi mencapai 80% - 85%. Penggunaan antibiotik jangka panjang berpotensi menyebabkan resistensi bakteri. Daun belimbing manis (Averrhoa carambola L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung metabolit sekunder yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri daun belimbing manis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri. Ekstrasi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan difusi agar teknik sumuran pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, dan 30%. Hasil menujukkan ekstrak daun belimbing manis pada konsentrasi 30% mampu menghasilkan diameter zona hambat sebesar 11,12 mm ± 0,38 terhadap C.acnes dan 11,62 mm ± 0,21 terhadap S.epidermidis. analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok perlakuan (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap C.acnes dan S.epidermidis, dengan aktivitas yang lebih baik terbaik bakteri S.epidermidis.
Perbandingan Flavonoid Total dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Jambu Bol dan Jambu Air Nafisky Azzarti Kusuma; Bertha Rusdi; Farendina Suarantika
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 517 - 526
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25156

Abstract

Abstract. Malay apple leaves (Syzygium malaccense) and watery rose apple leaves (Syzygium aqueum) are known to contain flavonoids that have potential as natural antioxidants. Differences in the type and concentration of extraction solvents may affect the compounds extracted; therefore, a study comparing the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of both plants using 70% ethanol is needed. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the extracts, secondary metabolite contents, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and compare the two extracts. An experimental study was conducted using Malay apple and watery rose apple leaf extracts collected from Purwakarta. Extraction was performed by maceration using 70% ethanol. Data were collected through extract characterization, phytochemical screening, determination of total flavonoid content using the aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) complexation method, and antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Data were processed based on the measured total flavonoid content and IC₅₀ values. The results showed that the total flavonoid content of watery rose apple leaf extract was 72.528 ± 0.061 mgQE/g, higher than that of Malay apple leaf extract at 35.444 ± 0.120 mgQE/g. Watery rose apple leaf extract also showed stronger antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 12.512 ppm compared with 14.235 ppm for Malay apple leaf extract. Both extracts were classified as very strong antioxidants. The 70% ethanol extract of watery rose apple leaves had higher total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity than Malay apple leaf extract. Abstract. Malay apple leaves (Syzygium malaccense) and watery rose apple leaves (Syzygium aqueum) are known to contain flavonoids that have potential as natural antioxidants. Differences in the type and concentration of extraction solvents may affect the compounds extracted; therefore, a study comparing the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of both plants using 70% ethanol is needed. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the extracts, secondary metabolite contents, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and compare the two extracts. An experimental study was conducted using Malay apple and watery rose apple leaf extracts collected from Purwakarta. Extraction was performed by maceration using 70% ethanol. Data were collected through extract characterization, phytochemical screening, determination of total flavonoid content using the aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) complexation method, and antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Data were processed based on the measured total flavonoid content and IC₅₀ values. The results showed that the total flavonoid content of watery rose apple leaf extract was 72.528 ± 0.061 mgQE/g, higher than that of Malay apple leaf extract at 35.444 ± 0.120 mgQE/g. Watery rose apple leaf extract also showed stronger antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 12.512 ppm compared with 14.235 ppm for Malay apple leaf extract. Both extracts were classified as very strong antioxidants. The 70% ethanol extract of watery rose apple leaves had higher total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity than Malay apple leaf extract. Abstrak. Daun jambu bol (Syzygium malaccense) dan daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum) diketahui mengandung flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Perbedaan jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut dapat memengaruhi senyawa yang terekstraksi sehingga diperlukan penelitian untuk membandingkan kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan kedua tanaman menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak, kandungan metabolit sekunder, kadar flavonoid total, aktivitas antioksidan, serta membandingkan kedua ekstrak. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental terhadap ekstrak daun jambu bol dan daun jambu air yang diperoleh dari Purwakarta. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%. Data dikumpulkan melalui karakterisasi ekstrak, skrining fitokimia, penetapan kadar flavonoid total menggunakan metode kompleksasi aluminium klorida (AlCl₃), serta pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH dengan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Data diolah berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kadar flavonoid total dan nilai IC₅₀. Hasil menunjukkan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak daun jambu air sebesar 72,528 ± 0,061 mgQE/g, lebih tinggi dibandingkan daun jambu bol sebesar 35,444 ± 0,120 mgQE/g. Aktivitas antioksidan daun jambu air juga lebih tinggi dengan nilai IC₅₀ 12,512 ppm dibandingkan daun jambu bol 14,235 ppm. Kedua ekstrak termasuk kategori antioksidan sangat kuat. Ekstrak etanol 70% daun jambu air memiliki kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak daun jambu bol.
Kajian Metode Bottom-Up pada Pembuatan Nanokristal Obat Antidiabetika Oral BCS Kelas II Santy Juliarti; Fitrianti Darusman; Hanifa Rahma
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 527 - 534
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25164

Abstract

Abstract. Oral antidiabetic drugs included in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II have high permeability but low solubility, thus limiting the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. One approach developed to overcome this problem is nanocrystal technology using the bottom-up method. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the bottom-up method in the manufacture of nanocrystals of oral antidiabetic drugs BCS class II in improving physicochemical characteristics. This study was conducted using a literature review method of scientific articles obtained through Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and other scientific sources. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in narrative form. The results of the study indicate that the bottom-up method is able to produce nanocrystals measuring less than 1000 nm, thereby increasing the specific surface area of ​​the particles, which has an impact on increasing solubility, dissolution rate, and potentially increasing oral bioavailability. The sonication-precipitation method is the most widely used method because it produces smaller particle sizes, a more homogeneous size distribution, and better stability. The success of this method is influenced by the selection of solvents, antisolvents, stabilizers, and process parameters. Thus, the bottom-up method is an effective approach in the development of BCS class II oral antidiabetic drug nanocrystals. Abstract. Oral antidiabetic drugs included in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II have high permeability but low solubility, thus limiting the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. One approach developed to overcome this problem is nanocrystal technology using the bottom-up method. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the bottom-up method in the manufacture of nanocrystals of oral antidiabetic drugs BCS class II in improving physicochemical characteristics. This study was conducted using a literature review method of scientific articles obtained through Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and other scientific sources. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in narrative form. The results of the study indicate that the bottom-up method is able to produce nanocrystals measuring less than 1000 nm, thereby increasing the specific surface area of ​​the particles, which has an impact on increasing solubility, dissolution rate, and potentially increasing oral bioavailability. The sonication-precipitation method is the most widely used method because it produces smaller particle sizes, a more homogeneous size distribution, and better stability. The success of this method is influenced by the selection of solvents, antisolvents, stabilizers, and process parameters. Thus, the bottom-up method is an effective approach in the development of BCS class II oral antidiabetic drug nanocrystals. Abstrak. Obat antidiabetika oral yang termasuk dalam Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) kelas II yang memiliki permeabilitas tinggi, namun kelarutan rendah sehingga membatasi laju disolusi dan bioavailabilitas oral. Salah satu pendekatan yang dikembangkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah teknologi nanokristal menggunakan metode bottom-up. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas metode bottom-up dalam pembuatan nanokristal obat antidiabetika oral BCS kelas II terhadap peningkatan karakteristik fisikokimia. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode literature review terhadap artikel ilmiah yang diperoleh melalui Google Scholar, ResearchGate, serta sumber ilmiah lainnya. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk naratif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa metode bottom-up mampu menghasilkan nanokristal berukuran kurang dari 1000 nm sehingga mampu meningkatkan luas permukaan spesifik partikel, yang berdampak pada peningkatan kelarutan, laju disolusi, dan berpotensi meningkatkan bioavailabilitas oral. Metode sonikasi–presipitasi merupakan metode yang paling banyak digunakan karena menghasilkan ukuran partikel yang lebih kecil, distribusi ukuran yang lebih homogen, serta stabilitas yang lebih baik. Keberhasilan metode ini dipengaruhi oleh pemilihan pelarut, antisolvent, stabilizer, dan parameter proses. Dengan demikian, metode bottom-up merupakan pendekatan yang efektif dalam pengembangan nanokristal obat antidiabetika oral BCS kelas II.
Uji Kelarutan Tretinoin pada Kandidat Minyak Sabrina Nur Diana; Hanifa Rahma; Ratih Aryani
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 535 - 542
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25179

Abstract

Abstract. Describe Tretinoin is a topical retinoid widely used for the treatment of photoaging; however, its poor aqueous solubility and high susceptibility to light-induced degradation require an appropriate drug delivery system. One of the critical factors in nanoemulsion development is the selection of an oil phase with high drug solubilization capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the solubility of tretinoin in five candidate oils, namely grape seed oil, olive oil, argan oil, virgin coconut oil, and soybean oil, in order to determine the most suitable oil phase for nanoemulsion formulation. An experimental laboratory study was conducted using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The maximum absorption wavelength of tretinoin in methanol was determined, followed by the preparation of a calibration curve at concentrations ranging from 2 to 6 µg/mL. Solubility testing was performed by incubating tretinoin in each candidate oil, followed by centrifugation and quantitative analysis of the dissolved drug using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The maximum absorption wavelength of tretinoin was found to be 348.5 nm, while the calibration curve yielded the regression equation y = 0.0798x + 0.3766 with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9455. The highest solubility was observed in grape seed oil (9.656 mg/mL), followed by virgin coconut oil (9.086 mg/mL), olive oil (8.895 mg/mL), soybean oil (6.880 mg/mL), and argan oil (6.154 mg/mL). These findings indicate that grape seed oil is the most suitable candidate oil phase for the development of tretinoin nanoemulsion formulations. Abstrak. Tretinoin merupakan retinoid topikal yang banyak digunakan dalam terapi photoaging, namun memiliki kelarutan yang rendah dalam air serta mudah mengalami degradasi akibat cahaya sehingga memerlukan sistem penghantaran yang sesuai. Salah satu faktor penting dalam pengembangan formulasi nanoemulsi adalah pemilihan fase minyak yang memiliki kemampuan melarutkan zat aktif secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kelarutan tretinoin pada lima kandidat fase minyak, yaitu minyak biji anggur, minyak zaitun, minyak argan, minyak kelapa murni (virgin coconut oil), dan minyak kedelai, sehingga diperoleh fase minyak yang paling sesuai untuk pengembangan formulasi nanoemulsi. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Penentuan panjang gelombang maksimum dilakukan pada larutan tretinoin dalam metanol, kemudian dibuat kurva kalibrasi pada rentang konsentrasi 2–6 µg/mL. Uji kelarutan dilakukan dengan menginkubasi tretinoin dalam masing-masing kandidat minyak, diikuti proses sentrifugasi dan penetapan kadar tretinoin terlarut menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan panjang gelombang maksimum tretinoin sebesar 348,5 nm dengan persamaan regresi kurva kalibrasi y = 0,0798x + 0,3766 dan koefisien korelasi (R²) sebesar 0,9455. Nilai kelarutan tertinggi diperoleh pada minyak biji anggur (9,656 mg/mL), diikuti minyak kelapa murni (9,086 mg/mL), minyak zaitun (8,895 mg/mL), minyak kedelai (6,880 mg/mL), dan minyak argan (6,154 mg/mL). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, minyak biji anggur dipilih sebagai kandidat fase minyak yang paling potensial untuk pengembangan formulasi nanoemulsi tretinoin.
Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Daun Kemangi dari Daerah Cihanjuang Kabupaten Bandung Bagas Hadi Panoreh; Siti Hazar; Bambang Tri Laksono
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 543 - 552
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25180

Abstract

Abstract. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that often causes skin wound complications with delayed healing due to hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation, necessitating standardized and accessible medicinal raw materials. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is known to be rich in secondary metabolites with potential wound-healing properties. This study aimed to characterize the specific and non-specific parameters of basil leaf simplicia and ethanol extract from Cihanjuang, West Bandung Regency, as a candidate raw material for wound-healing preparations. The study was conducted experimentally in the laboratory using simplicia and extract obtained through maceration with 96% ethanol. Evaluations included specific parameters (organoleptic, water-soluble, and ethanol-soluble extract content) and non-specific parameters (water content, drying shrinkage, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and specific gravity), along with phytochemical screening. The results showed that the simplicia and extract met most requirements of the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, with water-soluble extract content of 18.67%, ethanol-soluble extract content of 9.96%, water content of 5.25%, drying shrinkage of 5.89%. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, as well as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. However, total ash and acid-insoluble ash content exceeded the limits, presumably due to soil and dust contamination. Thus, basil from Cihanjuang shows potential as a standardized raw material, although improvements in the washing process and further in vivo activity tests are recommended. Abstrak. Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis yang sering menyebabkan komplikasi luka kulit dengan proses penyembuhan tertunda akibat hiperglikemia dan inflamasi kronis, sehingga diperlukan bahan baku obat yang terstandar dan mudah diakses. Tanaman kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) dikenal kaya akan metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi mendukung penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi parameter spesifik dan non spesifik simplisia serta ekstrak etanol daun kemangi asal Cihanjuang, Kabupaten Bandung Barat, sebagai kandidat bahan baku sediaan penyembuh luka. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental di laboratorium, dengan objek berupa simplisia dan ekstrak yang diperoleh melalui metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian meliputi parameter spesifik (organoleptik, kadar sari larut air dan etanol) dan non spesifik (kadar air, susut pengeringan, kadar abu total, kadar abu tidak larut asam), serta skrining fitokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa simplisia dan ekstrak memenuhi sebagian besar persyaratan Farmakope Herbal Indonesia, dengan kadar sari larut air 18,67%, kadar sari larut etanol 9,96%, kadar air 5,25%, susut pengeringan 5,89%. Skrining fitokimia mengonfirmasi keberadaan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, terpenoid, serta monoterpen dan seskuiterpen. Namun, kadar abu total dan abu tidak larut asam masih melebihi batas, yang diduga berasal dari kontaminasi tanah dan debu. Dengan demikian, daun kemangi asal Cihanjuang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku terstandar dan uji aktivitas lanjutan secara in vivo.
Formulasi Floating Tablet Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sembung (Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.) Chikita Ghaesyani Putri Rahim; Ratih Aryani; Hanifa Rahma
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 553 - 560
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25181

Abstract

Abstract. Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. leaves have traditionally been prepared as a decoction to relieve gastric disorders. However, this dosage form provides an uncertain dose and a short gastric residence time. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate floating tablets containing ethanolic extract of Blumea balsamifera leaves and determine the optimum formulation. The tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method using xanthan gum and HPMC K100M at ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3. The formulations were evaluated for granule and tablet physical properties, floating lag time, floating time, swelling index, and flavonoid release. The formulation with a xanthan gum to HPMC K100M ratio of 1:3 (F3) exhibited the best physical and floating characteristics, with a floating lag time of 8.4 ± 1.63 seconds, a floating time of 70.6 ± 1.2 hours, and a swelling index of 199.18 ± 14.14%. After incorporation of 250 mg of the extract, the tablets met the required physical quality parameters and remained buoyant for 36 ± 0.63 hours. However, the floating lag time increased to 24 ± 0.63 minutes, and flavonoid release reached 90.34 ± 1.03% within the first five minutes, indicating a burst release profile rather than the intended controlled-release behavior. These findings demonstrate that the combination of xanthan gum and HPMC K100M effectively supports the floating properties of the tablets. Nevertheless, further formulation optimization is required to achieve a sustained-release profile. Abstrak. Daun sembung (Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.) secara tradisional diolah menjadi rebusan untuk meredakan keluhan lambung, namun cara ini menghasilkan dosis yang tidak pasti dan waktu tinggal obat di lambung yang singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasikan dan mengevaluasi floating tablet yang mengandung ekstrak etanol daun sembung serta menentukan formula terbaiknya. Tablet dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah menggunakan kombinasi xanthan gum dan HPMC K100M dengan perbandingan 3:1, 1:1, dan 1:3, kemudian dievaluasi sifat fisik granul dan tablet, floating lag time, floating time, swelling index, serta pelepasan flavonoid. Formula dengan perbandingan 1:3 (F3) menghasilkan karakteristik fisik dan floating terbaik, dengan floating lag time 8,4 ± 1,63 detik, floating time 70,6 ± 1,2 jam, dan swelling index 199,18 ± 14,14%. Setelah diformulasikan dengan ekstrak 250 mg, tablet memenuhi persyaratan mutu fisik dan mampu mengapung selama 36 ± 0,63 jam. Namun, floating lag time meningkat menjadi 24 ± 0,63 menit dan pelepasan flavonoid mencapai 90,34 ± 1,03% dalam lima menit pertama, menunjukkan pola burst release dibandingkan pelepasan terkendali yang diharapkan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi xanthan gum dan HPMC K100M mampu mendukung sifat mengapung tablet, namun optimasi formulasi lebih lanjut masih diperlukan untuk menghasilkan profil pelepasan lepas lambat.
Studi Literatur Potensi Ekstrak Jahe Merah sebagai Agen Antiinflamasi Jihram Achmad Fauzi Febrian; Budi Prabowo Soewondo; Ratih Aryani
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 561 - 570
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25204

Abstract

Abstract. Inflammation is a physiological response to tissue injury or infection; however, prolonged inflammation contributes to the development of various chronic diseases. Long-term use of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with adverse effects, prompting the exploration of natural products as alternative therapeutic agents. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) is a medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds with promising anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of red ginger extract as an anti-inflammatory agent based on its phytochemical constituents, molecular mechanisms, and biological efficacy reported in previous studies. A literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines by searching articles from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar. The collected data were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach. The findings demonstrated that major bioactive compounds, including 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, paradol, and zingerone, suppress inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, reduce the expression of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and enhance antioxidant defense through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies indicates that red ginger effectively attenuates inflammatory responses. Therefore, red ginger extract has considerable potential as a phytopharmaceutical candidate for anti-inflammatory therapy, although further extract standardization and clinical studies are required. Abstrak. Inflamasi merupakan respons fisiologis tubuh terhadap cedera atau infeksi, namun inflamasi yang berlangsung berkepanjangan dapat memicu berbagai penyakit kronis. Penggunaan obat antiinflamasi konvensional dalam jangka panjang diketahui berpotensi menimbulkan efek samping sehingga mendorong pengembangan bahan alam sebagai alternatif terapi. Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) merupakan tanaman obat yang kaya senyawa bioaktif dan berpotensi sebagai agen antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi ekstrak jahe merah sebagai agen antiinflamasi berdasarkan kandungan fitokimia, mekanisme molekuler, serta efektivitasnya berdasarkan berbagai penelitian. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan mengacu pada pedoman PRISMA melalui penelusuran artikel dari PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, dan Google Scholar. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode sintesis naratif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa utama jahe merah, seperti 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, paradol, dan zingerone, mampu menghambat jalur NF-κB, MAPK, dan PI3K/Akt, menurunkan ekspresi COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, serta meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan melalui jalur Nrf2/HO-1. Berbagai penelitian in vitro, in vivo, dan uji klinis menunjukkan efektivitas jahe merah dalam menekan respons inflamasi. Dengan demikian, ekstrak jahe merah berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai kandidat fitofarmaka antiinflamasi, meskipun masih diperlukan standardisasi ekstrak dan uji klinis lebih lanjut.
Studi Literatur : Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Daun Mint (Mentha piperita L.) Siti Nazwa Alysia Jingga Folananskya; Farendina Suarantika; Hanifa Rahma
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 571 - 578
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25213

Abstract

Abstract. Mentha piperita L. leaves contain various bioactive compounds, including monoterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which exhibit promising natural antioxidant activity. This study aimed to review the antioxidant activity of Mentha piperita L. leaves using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay through a literature review approach. Literature published between 2010 and 2025 was selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. The reviewed data included extraction methods, extraction solvents, bioactive compounds, and IC₅₀ values. The findings indicated that the antioxidant activity of M. piperita was influenced by extraction methods, solvent polarity, and bioactive compound composition. Hydrodistillation generally produced essential oils rich in monoterpenes, whereas maceration using polar solvents was more effective in extracting phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The reported IC₅₀ values ranged from 2.99 mg/mL to >800 µg/mL, indicating that extraction methods, chemical composition, and environmental factors contributed to differences in antioxidant activity. Overall, Mentha piperita L. leaves have considerable potential as a natural source of antioxidants. Abstrak. Daun mint (Mentha piperita L.) merupakan tanaman herbal yang mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif, seperti monoterpen, flavonoid, dan senyawa fenolik yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aktivitas antioksidan daun Mentha piperita L. menggunakan metode 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) melalui pendekatan literature review. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan terhadap artikel penelitian yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2010–2025 sesuai kriteria inklusi. Data yang dikaji meliputi metode ekstraksi, jenis pelarut, senyawa bioaktif, dan nilai IC₅₀. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan daun M. piperita dipengaruhi oleh metode ekstraksi, kepolaran pelarut, serta komposisi senyawa bioaktif. Hidrodistilasi umumnya menghasilkan minyak atsiri yang kaya senyawa monoterpen, sedangkan maserasi dengan pelarut polar lebih efektif mengekstraksi senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid. Nilai IC₅₀ yang dilaporkan bervariasi, yaitu berkisar antara 2,99 mg/mL hingga >800 µg/mL, yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh metode ekstraksi, komposisi kimia, dan faktor lingkungan terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Secara keseluruhan, daun Mentha piperita L. berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber antioksidan alami.
Kemampuan Fotoproteksi Minyak Biji Raspberry dan Cellulose Nanocrystal Tiara Tri Andini; Arlina Prima Putri; Budi Prabowo Soewondo
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 579 - 586
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25257

Abstract

Abstract. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can cause various skin disorders, thereby driving the development of natural-ingredient-based sunscreens as a safer alternative. This literature review aims to analyzed the photoprotective potential of raspberry seed oil (Rubus idaeus L.), examine the characteristics and functions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and evaluate the potential synergy between these two ingredients in sunscreen formulations. The study was conducted using a narrative literature review method, with data sources consisting of scientific articles obtained from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The literature was selected based on its relevance to the research topic and then analyzed descriptively through the synthesis and comparison of previous research findings. The results of the study indicate that raspberry seed oil contains various bioactive compounds, such as unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds, which contribute to antioxidant activity and have the potential to provide photoprotective effects. On the other hand, CNC acts as a Pickering stabilizer capable of enhancing emulsion stability by inhibiting droplet coalescence and maintaining a homogeneous distribution of active ingredient. Based on the study’s findings, the combination of raspberry seed oil and CNC shows promise for the development of more stable and effective natural-ingredient-based sunscreen formulations, although scientific evidence regarding the integration of these two ingredients remains relatively limited. Abstrak. Paparan sinar ultraviolet (UV) secara berlebihan dapat menyebabkan berbagai gangguan pada kulit, sehingga mendorong pengembangan tabir surya berbasis bahan alam sebagai alternatif yang lebih aman. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi fotoproteksi minyak biji raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), mengkaji karakteristik dan fungsi Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC), serta mengevaluasi potensi sinergi kedua bahan tersebut dalam formulasi tabir surya. Kajian dilakukan menggunakan metode narrative literature review dengan sumber data berupa artikel ilmiah yang diperoleh dari PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, dan Google Scholar. Literatur dipilih berdasarkan kesesuaian dengan topik penelitian, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui proses sintesis dan perbandingan hasil penelitian terdahulu. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa minyak biji raspberry mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif, seperti asam lemak tak jenuh, tokoferol, fitosterol, karotenoid, dan senyawa fenolik yang berkontribusi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dan berpotensi memberikan efek fotoproteksi. Di sisi lain, CNC berperan sebagai pickering stabilizer yang mampu meningkatkan stabilitas emulsi dengan menghambat koalesensi droplet serta menjaga distribusi bahan aktif tetap homogen. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, kombinasi minyak biji raspberry dan CNC memiliki prospek yang menjanjikan dalam pengembangan formulasi tabir surya berbasis bahan alam yang lebih stabil dan efektif, meskipun bukti ilmiah mengenai integrasi kedua bahan tersebut masih relatif terbatas.
Penelusuran Pustaka Potensi Aktivitas Antibakteri Tanaman Kelor (Moringa Oleifera Lam) Zahra Hana Novani; Kiki Mulkiya; Vinda Maharani Patricia
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 587 - 594
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25265

Abstract

Abstract. Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms like bacteria and viruses that can harm the human body. Antibiotics are common treatments for these diseases, but their misuse can lead to antibiotic resistance. Using plants as medicine can help reduce these side effects and combat resistance. Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) is a plant known for its medical benefits. Research shows that Moringa leaves can act as an antibacterial agent, with various parts of the plant leaves, bark, seeds, and flowers exhibiting antibacterial activity against harmful bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. The effectiveness comes from bioactive compounds like flavonoids and alkaloids found in Moringa. Abstrak. Penyakit infeksi disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme seperti bakteri, virus, protozoa, jamur, atau prion yang merusak organ tubuh. Antibiotik sering digunakan, tetapi penggunaannya yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan resistensi. Menggunakan tumbuhan sebagai obat merupakan alternatif untuk mengurangi efek samping dan resistensi terhadap antibiotik. Salah satu tanaman dengan potensi besar adalah kelor (Moringa oleifera L.), yang memiliki banyak khasiat medis. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun kelor dapat bertindak sebagai antibakteri terhadap berbagai bakteri, termasuk Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Aktivitas antibakteri ini berasal dari senyawa bioaktif dalam kelor seperti flavonoid dan alkaloid.

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