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Journal of Global Pharma Technology
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 09758542     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
ournal of Global Pharma Technology is a monthly, open access, Peer review journal of Pharmacy published by JGPT Journal publishes peer-reviewed original research papers, case reports and systematic reviews. The journal allows free access to its contents, which is likely to attract more readers and citations to articles published in JGPT. JGPT publishes original research work that contributes significantly to the scientific knowledge in pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences- Pharmaceutics, Novel Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Technology, Cosmeticology, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacognosy, Natural Product Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacology, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology and Applied Computer Technology. For this purpose we would like to ask you to contribute your excellent papers in pharmaceutical sciences.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Onkologi
Articles 2,439 Documents
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The Brain Management of Time and it's Correlative to the Creative Leadership of the Heads of Scientific Departments in the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in Iraq Jassem Jaber Mohammed
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 10 Issue 10: 2018
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Abstract

The current research problem was identified by answering the following question:Is there a relationship between the effectiveness of time management, and the level of creative leadership of the heads of departments, in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences from the perspective of the members of the faculty and the objectives of the research was to identify the effectiveness of time management and creative leadership of the heads of departments in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences and identify the Iraqi The relationship between the degree of effectiveness of time management and creative leadership of heads of departments in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in Iraq.  The researchers used the descriptive approach in the two methods of surveying and interrelationships. The research community was determined by the professors of faculties of physical education and sports sciences in Iraq. The sample was randomly selected from the (Universities of Muthanna, Babel, Kufa, Karbala, Dhiqar, Missan, Kut, and Qadisiyah) as indicated in the table below. Characterization of research measures Since the current research aims to define the management of time and its relationship to the level of creative leadership of the heads of the scientific departments in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences of Iraq, it was necessary to achieve the objectives of the research tool to develop time management, by defining time management areas from the perspective of members of the Commission Teaching, and preparing a tool for the level of creative leadership by defining its areas from the point of view of faculty members as well. Defining the concept of the study variables: time management and creative leadership. Defining areas of time management and creative leadership as follows: The brain management of time: Planning - Organization - Human Relations - Decision Making - Follow-up and Evaluation. Creative Leadership Scale. The most important conclusions: The philosophy of department heads and their approach to time management and creative production as important elements in the management process is weak. There is a correlation between time management and positive creative leadership through the answers of faculty members. The main reasons that limit the professional level of the departments of the academic departments where the recommendations are the limited training courses in the field of management. And the need to prepare a guide to knowledge and guidance in the field of time management, and the creative capabilities of employees in the university institution. The availability of spatial and physical facilities to help prepare for the change process to ensure the sustainability and continuity of the work of faculties of physical education and sports sciences.Keywords: Brain management, Time, Creative, and leadership.
Choledocholithias Ascending Cholangitis and Gallstones Pancreatitis Diyar Ali Hussein
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 04.
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Abstract

Gallstone ailment is certain over the most frequent yet near high-priced digestive illnesses to that amount require hospitalization within the United States together with an estimated anniversary advise worth of $5.8 billion. Gallstone sickness is newly diagnosed of greater than 1 million people yearly, or cholecystectomy is executed of 700,000 cases. The incidence of gallstones has ethnical variability, with occurrence prices about 10% in accordance with 15% within the United States yet Europe. The medical spectrum concerning cholelithiasis degrees from an asymptomatic state in accordance with fatal complications .Patients any bear asymptomatic gallstones lift an annual hazard about approximately 1% because of biliary colic, over 0.3% for exquisite cholecystitis, concerning 0.2% because of symptomatic choledocholithiasis, then of 0.04% in conformity with 1.5% because of gallstone pancreatitis (GSP). These small percentages, however, signify a considerable quantity about patients, attached the common incidence about gallstones.
Identification of Microrna in Pediatric Latent Tuberculosis: A Preliminary Study in Indonesia Ayling Sanjaya
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 06 (2020) June 2020
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Abstract

Background: Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem in the world and Indonesia. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in children can be developed in to active state. It is difficult to prevent LTBI due to the lack of specific and diagnostic biomarkers. Research of microRNA (miRNA) conducted to identify profile of miRNA expression among pediatric LTBI specifically in Indonesia. This suggests that miRNA can be one of the tools to diagnose LTBI in children that needs to be developed. Aims: To identify specific miRNA expression in Indonesian pediatric latent tuberculosis infection. Methods: This research was an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional study design. The study used whole blood of healthy control children who had never received BCG immunization and children diagnosed LTBI. Profiling and identified miRNA expression with microarray analysis. Results: Four LTBI and two healthy control children were included in this study. Extraction of RNA with whole blood were done and profiled with gene chip microarray. Fold change >2 or
The Effect of Special Exercises for the Development of Performance Endurance Ability and Correlation it with Accuracy Scoring from Jumping in Basketball Dhaher Ghanawi Mohammed
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Abstract

The objective of the research was to identify the effect of the special exercises in the research in developing the ability to withstand the performance of the basketball as well as to identify the relationship between the performance and accuracy of the scoring of jumping basketball. The researcher used the experimental method for his research problem. The research sample was chosen in a deliberate way. They are (22) players who are divided into two equal groups (10) players for the experimental group and (10) players for the control group and a percentage of (90%) from the original search community where players were excluded for the purpose of the exploratory experiment. After the main experiment and tests were completed, the (SPSS) program was used for statistical data processors to reach the results, after which the results were presented and discussed. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the post tests of the two groups in the basketball endurance test and for the benefit of the group. The results showed that there is a correlation between the ability to withstand performance and the accuracy of the scoring of basketball jump as the increase in working periods affect the concentration and thus reduce accuracy. The researcher recommended the use of special exercises according to the skill requirements to be developed in order to reach the required level. He also recommended the need to develop the ability to withstand the performance of the players because they are closely related to the accuracy of the scoring. And recording when the basketball.Keywords: Special exercises, Performance endurance, Ability, Accuracy and jumping.
THE PREDICTED QUALITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS (QALYs) USING ST. GEORGE RESPIRATORY QUESTIONNAIRE (SGRQ) IN INDONESIAN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS Dyah Aryani Perwitasari
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 08 Issue 04
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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) disease is one of the chronic diseases which could influence the patients’ quality and quantity of life. The quality and quantity of life may be affected by the disease itself or the disease’s treatment due to the adverse effect. The purpose of this research is to predict Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) value before and during the treatment using Indonesian version of St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) instruments which has been validated. This study used a cross sectional design conducted prospectively in 91 new patients diagnosed as pulmonary TB in Pulmonary Clinics, Province of Yogyakarta on November 2013 until April 2015. Patients filled out the SGRQ and the total score was counted  to predict the QALYs.We found that the predicted QALYs before and during the treatment significantly different with value was 0,691 before the treatment and they were 0.805; 0.846; 0.877; 0.892 and 0.899 during the first until fifth month of treatment respectively (p<0,05). The TB treatment can improve health status from index number 0.691 to 0.899 which is 0.208 during the treatment will produce 2 QALYs.  We conclude that the predicted QALYs of TB patients during the treatment are good and show that the patients experience significant improvement of quality of life.
Sublay and Onlay Mesh Application Compared with Tension Free Suture as Treatment Techniques for Ventral Hernia in Sheep Ahmed Kadhim Munahi
Journal of Global Pharma Technology .
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Abstract

The present study was assigned to find the optimal surgical repair for reconstruction of experimentally induced ventral hernia in sheep. A ventral hernia (5×5) cm had been made in the right flank of 9 ewes and left for a month. After that those ewes were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups; the first group of ewes was applied with polypropylene mesh repair by onlay technique. Whereas the second group was applied with polypropylene mesh repair using sublay technique. While in the third group the hernia was repaired with tension free sewing technique using catgut. The postoperative complications were monitored for a month following the previous applications. Macroscopic results showed that recurrence of hernia was experienced in the first and the third groups accompanied by wound infection and fever.  On the other hand, the second group did not face life threatening problems but experienced mild seroma and fever. There was no recorded mortality case until the end of the experiment in all treatment groups. Histologically, the onlay group demonstrated reaction of granulomatous foreign body response with process of fibrosis. In contrast, the sublay group revealed a separate granulomatous foreign body reaction and minimal response of inflammation and fibrosis. Whereas, the third group showed hyperemic blood vessels, abundance of fibrous connective tissue and deposition of collagen as well as inflammation around the suture materials. These results revealed the success of the sublay technique over the onlay and the catgut suture for herniorrhaphy.Keywords: Onlay, Sublay, Tension free suture, Ventral hernia, Sheep.
Study the Expression of Tumor Growth Factor β (TGF β) in Mice Organs after Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 using Immunohistochemistry Technique Nada H. A. L. Al-Mudallal
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 07
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Abstract

Background: Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) had high toxicity and carcinogenecity effects on human and animals tissues and capable of affecting both the cellular and humoral immune responses resulting in impairments in cellular immunity hence decreasing the host resistance to infections. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of purified aflatoxine B1 on the expression of TGF β in liver, spleen and kidney of experimental mice and estimate it's concentration by using immunohistochemistry IHC technique. Methodology: Mature Swiss albino mice (male) were used in this study, animal were provided from the National Centre for Drug Control and Research /Baghdad. To study the expression of Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in mice, sixteen mice (divided into four groups) were orally admenestred with (9mg/k.g.b.w., 6mg/k.g.b.w. and 3mg/k.g.b.w.) of purified aflatoxin B1 (isolated and extracted from Aspergillus flavus ) with control group (without any treatments) and the mice of each group were sacrificed after two weeks. The blood samples of the mice were collected and samples from liver, kidney and spleen were dissected out from each mouse. The expression of TGF β in these organs was estimated using immunohistochemical technique.  Results: Immunohistochemistry technique revealed that an increase in the expression of TGF β in mice liver, kidney and spleen in comparison with control group. The concentration of TGF β increased with the increase in the concentrations of purified AFB1 that had been given to the treated mice. The highest expression and concentrations of TGF β were investigated in liver, spleen and kidney respectively after treated the mice with 9m.g. /b.w. (90%) concentration of purified AFB1 which represented the affected toxic dose of this toxin. AFB1 at concentrations 6m.g/b.w. (60%) and 3m.g/b.w. (30%) also increased the expression of TGF β but lesser than (90%).Conclusion This study can be concluded that purified aflatoxin B1 (9mg/k.g, 6mg/k.g and 3mg/k.g) which represented (90%, 60% and 30%) concentrations respectively were elevated the expression of TGF-β of mice tissues that treated with these concentrations after comparison with the control. The expression of TGF-β in mice organs increased with the increased in the concentrations of purified aflatoxin B1 using immunohistochemistry technique. AFB1 90% concentrations represented the affected toxic dose and had the highest effectiveness onto the expression of TGF-β in mice organs (liver, spleen and kidney) after treated with this aflatoxin and the highest expression of TGF-β was noticed in liver, spleen and kidney respectively.  Further investigations are required to evaluate the acute and /or chronic effect of aflatoxin B1 on other cytokines expression with determining the histopathological studies of acute and /or chronic effect of aflatoxin on other organs such as lung,muscles, heart, brain, spleen and intestine are required.Keywords: TGF-β3, Gliotoxin, immunohistochemical technique
Antibacterial Activity of Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Leaves Fraction of Colocacia esculenta L against Enteric Gram Negative Bacteria Herwin Herwin; Siska Nuryanti; Muzakkir Baits; Sjafaraenan Sjafaraenan
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 12 Issue 11 (2020) Nov. 2020
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Abstract

This study is aimed at testing the antibacterial activity of the compound Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate leaves fraction of Colocacia esculenta L against enteric gram negative bacteria. The search for bioactive compounds employs the vacuum liquid chromatography method used for fractionation and purification, spectroscopic analysis (infrared, proton and carbon core magnetic resonance, chromatography-mass spectroscopy) gas, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), Agar diffusion and TLC-Bioautography for activity testing against Enteric Gram Negative Bacteria. The results of the fractionation shows that based on agar diffusion, the B fraction obtains the MIC value is 0.1%, and MBC value is 1%. Spectroscopic analysis of the secondary metabolites of the leaves fraction of Colocacia esculenta L obtains the chemical structure of Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate with the molecular formula C24H38O4 and molecular weight 390.5. The test on the compound Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate from the leaves fraction of Colocacia esculenta L L by TLC-Bio autography obtains an active Rf value of 0.7 against bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella thypi, Streptococcus mutans, and Vibrio cholerae, by diffusion Agar method, the largest inhibition zone in Salmonella thypi bacteria. Based on the results, the identification of secondary metabolites from the leaves fraction of Colocacia esculenta L obtains the chemical compound Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate and based on the results of the antibacterial activity test of the chemical compound Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate leaves of Colocacia Esculenta L is potential for the treatment of enteric gram negative bacteria infections. Keywords: Colocacia esculenta L, Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate, Antibacterial
Difference in Sodium and Potassium Reading by Blood Gas Analyzer and Electrolyte Analyzer at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari; I Putu Sidhi Rastu Karyana; I Nyoman Wande
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 10 Issue 07: (2018) July 2018
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Introduction: Electrolytes measurement is a standard procedure in medical practice to diagnose diseases or disease-related complication. Recently, there is a various device used to analyze blood electrolytes, but the difference accuracy between devices is a problematic issue for clinicians. Thus, we evaluate the differences of sodium and potassium concentration reading by Blood Gas Analyzer (BGA) and Electrolyte Analyzer at Sanglah Hospital to assess whether the difference could be accepted according to Clinical Laboratories Improvement Amendments (CLIA). Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in May 2017 at Clinical Pathology Laboratory of  Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. 30 subjects were enrolled consecutively during the study period and the blood samples were analyzed by both BGA and electrolyte analyzer. The data were analyzed using paired T-Test, Bland-Altman Plot, and Linear Regression. Result: The mean of sodium and potassium measured by BGA were 133.76 ± 5.68 mmol/L and 3.14 ± 0,86 mmol/L, respectively while electrolyte analyzer was 136,43 ± 6,48 mmol/L and 3,51 ± 0,9 mmol/L, respectively. Mean difference between sodium and potassium were 2.67 mmol/L (P=0,000) and 0.36 mmol/L (P=0,000), respectively. Bland-Altman plot analysis in sodium and potassium showed that the limit of the agreement was at -9.9 to 4.56 mmol/L and -1.28 to 0.56 mmol/L, respectively. Conclusion: There was a significant difference between BGA and electrolyte analyzer reading with BGA has higher acceptance level compared to electrolyte analyzer.Keywords: Natrium, Kalium, Blood Gas Analyzer, Electrolyte Analyzer.
A Review on Manufacturing of Tablets by Using Various Granulation Techniques Girish Pai Kulyadi
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 9 Issue 10
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Abstract

Tablets are unit, compressed solid dosage form containing an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) with or without excipients. Tablets are manufactured by using different techniques such as wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression. Granulation is the procedure in which particles are held together with the help of linkages between the excipient and API. These links between the excipients and the API are developed both by compression and by employing various types of binding agents. Alternate approach includes using newer directly compressible (DC) grade excipients to prepare stable tablets. The present article mainly focuses on the different granulation techniques used for manufacturing of tablet and their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations and focuses on the technique to be selected for development of a good tablet.Keywords: Tablets, API, Direct compression, Dry granulation, Wet granulation, DC grade and Technique selection.

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