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BASYIR ARIF
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Paradigma: Junal Kalam dan Filsafat
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 29869277     EISSN : 29855047     DOI : 10.15408/paradigma
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities,
Religion Humanities
Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat is a journal published by Department Aqidah and Islamic Philosophy in the Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta in partnership with Asosiasi Aqidah dan Filsafat Ilsam Indonesia (AAFI). Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat has published at the first time in September 2019 and hereafter the journal was continuing published twice annually (June and December) and consists of articles on Kalam Studies and Philosophy.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 68 Documents
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Mupusti Alam sebagai Etika Lingkungan: Kearifan Ekologis Masyarakat Padepokan Girijaya, Sukabumi Ahmad Gunawan Sany; Rizky Yazid; Banun Binaningrum
Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/paradigma.v8i1.41046

Abstract

The environmental crisis stems not only from the exploitation of nature but also from a worldview that treats nature merely as an instrument for satisfying human interests. This article examines mupusti alam as the foundation of environmental ethics among the Girijaya Padepokan community in Sukabumi and its implementation through pamali, rituals, and natural-resource practices. This qualitative field study draws on observation, interviews, and documentation, analyzed descriptively and interpretively through environmental ethics and ecological wisdom. The findings demonstrate that mupusti alam regards nature as part of God’s creation, possessing spiritual value and deserving respect. This worldview is translated into pamali as a mechanism of moral guidance and social control and embodied in forest protection, regulated tree felling, crop rotation, respect for agricultural produce, and the Seren Taun ritual. Nevertheless, waste burning reveals a gap between ecological values and inadequate infrastructure. The study concludes that Girijaya’s environmental ethics constitutes a relational ethic connecting spirituality, customary obedience, and environmental conservation.
Hierarki Pengetahuan Gaib dalam Pemikiran Ibn Khaldun: Analisis Epistemologis atas Wahyu, Kasyf, dan Perdukunan Afidah Wahyuni; Abdul Hakim Wahid; Rahmat Hidayatullah
Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/paradigma.v7i2.46904

Abstract

This article examines the hierarchy of unseen knowledge in Ibn Khaldun’s thought by focusing on prophetic revelation, Sufi kashf, and divination. It employs library research and conceptual analysis, using the Muqaddimah as its primary source and scholarly works on Ibn Khaldun’s epistemology as secondary materials. The study demonstrates that Ibn Khaldun does not assign an equal epistemological status to all forms of knowledge concerning the unseen. Their differences are determined by the quality of the soul, source of knowledge, mode of reception, validity, and moral orientation of the recipient. Revelation occupies the highest level because it derives from the natural preparedness of the prophetic soul and divine assistance. Kashf is attained through spiritual discipline and is considered valid only when grounded in moral and religious rectitude. Divination occupies the lowest level because it relies on psychic ability, imagination, celestial objects, or demonic forces. These categories therefore constitute both an epistemological and a moral hierarchy.
Epistemologi Eskatologi dalam Hikmah al-Isyrāq: Rekonstruksi Konsep Jiwa Pasca-Kematian Menurut Suhrawardī al-Maqtūl Asyraf Malik; Ayu Lestari; Wawan Kurniawan
Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/paradigma.v7i2.46909

Abstract

Existing studies on Suhrawardī's eschatology have largely focused on the soul and the afterlife, while comparatively little attention has been paid to the epistemological foundation underlying his eschatological thought. This article examines Suhrawardī al-Maqtūl's concept of eschatology by focusing on the relationship between the post-mortem condition of the soul, resurrection, and the epistemological method through which eschatological realities are understood. Employing qualitative library research and textual analysis of Suhrawardī's major works and relevant scholarship on Hikmat al-Ishrāq, the study demonstrates that Suhrawardī classifies the post-mortem condition of the soul into three categories: syaqāwah, su‘adā’ (or zuhhād), and muta’allihīn (or muqaddasīn). These conditions are associated with imaginal forms (al-ṣuwar al-mithāliyyah) that serve as the medium through which the soul manifests in the event of resurrection. The study further argues that Suhrawardī's eschatology is grounded primarily in intuitive (ishrāqī) epistemology rather than demonstrative (burhānī) reasoning, making illuminative knowledge the principal framework for understanding the afterlife. This finding suggests that Suhrawardī's eschatology should be understood not merely as a metaphysical doctrine of the hereafter but as an integral consequence of the epistemological structure of Hikmat al-Ishrāq.
Batas Koersi Negara dan Hak Individu: Perbandingan Libertarianisme Robert Nozick dan Konstitusionalisme Islam Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naʿim Raihan Aditya; Rahmat Hidayatullah; Bustamin Bustamin
Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/paradigma.v8i1.46921

Abstract

This article compares Robert Nozick and Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naʿim on individual rights and the limits of state coercion. This library-based study employs a comparative conceptual analysis of Anarchy, State, and Utopia and Islam and the Secular State. The findings demonstrate that both thinkers restrict coercive state power, although they rely on different foundations and protect different domains. Nozick understands rights as side constraints grounded in self-ownership; the state may therefore neither impose redistributive arrangements nor pursue paternalistic objectives. An-Naʿim grounds rights in equal citizenship, constitutionalism, and human rights; the state may therefore not enforce religious doctrine as public law. Unlike Nozick’s minimal state, however, An-Naʿim retains a broader state role in protecting equality and social justice. The article identifies two models of limiting coercion: Nozick’s proprietary-rights model and An-Naʿim’s citizenship-rights model.
Mawas Diri sebagai Transformasi Etis-Spiritual dalam Filsafat Damardjati Supadjar Arif Dzakwanuddin; Agus Darmaji
Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/paradigma.v7i2.46923

Abstract

This article examines the concept of mawas diri in Damardjati Supadjar’s philosophy as a process of ethical and spiritual self-transformation. The study employs library research using conceptual analysis and philosophical hermeneutics, focusing primarily on Supadjar’s Mawas Diri: Dari “Diri” yang Tanggal ke Diri yang “Terdaftar, Diakui, Disamakan”. The findings demonstrate that mawas diri is not merely a form of psychological introspection, but a spiritual practice through which individuals recognize, discipline, and transform themselves. This process moves from an alienated self dominated by egoistic tendencies toward a reflective and spiritually integrated self that understands its responsibilities as both a servant and vicegerent of God. Such transformation is grounded in an ontological vision of the interconnectedness between the outward and the inward, the beginning and the end, and the origin and destination of life. Epistemologically, mawas diri integrates reason, inner feeling, the heart, and reflection upon the signs of life. Ethically, it cultivates mulat sarira, humility, vigilance, and self-restraint in personal and social relationships. This study argues that Damardjati Supadjar’s concept of mawas diri constitutes a practical philosophy that connects self-knowledge, moral formation, social responsibility, and spiritual orientation toward God.
Wahyu dan Rasionalitas sebagai Dasar Moralitas: Studi Komparatif Pemikiran Muhammad Taqî Misbâh al-Yazdî dan Franz Magnis-Suseno Andrio Putra Tahiro; Fardiana Fikria Qur'any
Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/paradigma.v7i2.46925

Abstract

The relationship between religion and morality remains one of the central debates in contemporary moral philosophy. While some philosophers regard divine revelation as the ultimate foundation of moral values, others argue that morality is grounded primarily in human reason and autonomy. This article offers a comparative analysis of the moral philosophies of Muhammad Taqî Misbâh al-Yazdî and Franz Magnis-Suseno, focusing on the relationship between revelation and reason as the foundation of religious morality. Employing qualitative library research with a comparative philosophical approach, the study examines the principal works of both thinkers. The findings reveal that Misbâh al-Yazdî considers revelation to be the supreme normative source that legitimizes and directs moral conduct, whereas Magnis-Suseno emphasizes reason, freedom, and conscience as the primary basis of morality while acknowledging the ethical significance of religion. Despite their different epistemological orientations, both thinkers converge in viewing morality as a means of cultivating universal goodness, respect for human dignity, and social responsibility. This study argues that revelation and reason should not be understood as competing sources of morality but as complementary foundations for developing ethical life in a pluralistic society.
Tradisi dan Solidaritas sebagai Problem Filsafat Sosial: Aṣabiyah Ibn Khaldūn dan Etika Keutamaan Alasdair MacIntyre Ircham Nurfansyah; Qusthan Abqary Hisan Firdaus; Hanafi Hanafi
Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/paradigma.v8i1.51596

Abstract

This article compares Ibn Khaldūn’s concept of aṣabiyah and Alasdair MacIntyre’s virtue ethics in explaining the foundations of tradition and communal solidarity. This library-based study employs a comparative hermeneutical reading of al-Muqaddimah and After Virtue through description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison. The findings demonstrate that both thinkers reject abstract individualism and regard concrete communal bonds as constitutive of identity and social life. Nevertheless, Ibn Khaldūn explains aṣabiyah at a macro-historical level as a force that produces political authority and sustains civilizational cycles. MacIntyre, by contrast, understands practices, virtues, the narrative unity of life, and tradition as normative foundations for character formation within communities. This article argues that their ideas cannot be synthesized into a single theory. They are better understood as a complementary dialogue: Ibn Khaldūn illuminates the structural-historical conditions of solidarity, while MacIntyre explains the formation of moral commitments sustaining it from within communal life.
Dari Desakralisasi Pengetahuan menuju Etika Ekologis: Integrasi Rasionalitas dan Spiritualitas Seyyed Hossein Nasr Fatmawati Siti Sa'adah; Mulyadhi Kartanegara; Muslih Muslih
Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Paradigma: Jurnal Kalam dan Filsafat
Publisher : Faculty of Ushuluddin Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/paradigma.v8i1.46910

Abstract

This article examines the integration of rationality and spirituality in Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s thought and its contribution to ecological ethics. This library-based study employs critical conceptual analysis of Nasr’s principal works on knowledge and the environment. The findings show that reducing intellect to instrumental reason leads to the desacralization of knowledge, the objectification of nature, and ecological exploitation. As an alternative, Nasr proposes scientia sacra, which integrates empirical reasoning, intellect, revelation, and metaphysics. This article argues that such integration is not merely a synthesis of rational and spiritual knowledge but an epistemological reconstruction that transforms nature from a material object into a theophany, or manifestation of divine signs. This reconstruction grounds an ecological ethics that positions human beings as guardians of the cosmic order rather than absolute masters of nature.

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