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Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Published by Polilteknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya
ISSN : 16933761     EISSN : 24078948     DOI : 10.36568
Core Subject : Health, Science, Social,
Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Public Health
Jurnal GEMA Lingkungan Kesehatan [e-ISSN: 2407-8948 | DOI: 10.36568] is a journal aims to be a leading peer-reviewed platform and an authoritative source of information. We publish original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on environmental health or public health as well as related topics that has neither been published elsewhere in any language, nor is it under review for publication anywhere. This following statement clarifies ethical behavior of all parties involved in the act of publishing an article in this journal, including the author, the editor, the reviewer, and the publisher (Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Kesehatan, Toksikologi dan Mutasi Gen
Articles 172 Documents
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Occupational Safety and Health Model Affecting Worker Performance Using Structural Equation Modelling Romadhoni, Firda Amalia Putri; Putra, I Nyoman Dita Pahang
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.296

Abstract

Construction is one of the industries with a high risk of occupational accidents, which can negatively impact worker performance. The high rate of workplace accidents in this sector makes the implementation of an effective Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) system crucial. Occupational safety and occupational health can be key factors in improving worker performance. This study aimed to identify the most significant OSH factors affecting worker performance in the context of construction projects. The methodology used in this study was data collection through a questionnaire designed to evaluate various aspects of OSH and worker performance using a Likert scale. Data were collected from 50 respondents involved in five high-rise construction projects in Surabaya. The research findings indicate that occupational health factors have a more significant impact compared to occupational safety factors. The analysis shows that improving occupational health programs, such as regular health check-ups and providing adequate facilities, can directly improve worker performance. These findings underscore the importance of construction companies integrating occupational health aspects into their OSH programs, not only to protect workers but also to improve the performance of construction project workers. This study provides new insights into understanding the relationship between OSH and worker performance, while also offers practical recommendations for the construction industry to create a safer occupational environment and improve worker performance more effectively.
The Effectiveness of Warm Compresses and Tepid Sponge Baths on Body Temprature in Toddlers Who Have a Fever on the First Day Sukmandari, Ni Made Ari; Triana, Komang Yogi; Sukriyanti, Putu Ari
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.300

Abstract

Toddlers are susceptible to fever because their immune systems are immature. Non-pharmacological managements, such as warm compresses and tepid sponge baths, are commonly used to reduce fever. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of warm compresses and tepid sponge baths in lowering body temperature in toddlers on the first day of fever. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design was used, involving 30 toddlers at TK II Udayana Denpasar Hospital. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling and divided into two groups: tepid sponge (n=15) and warm compress (n=15). Subjects belonging to the intervention group were administered tepid sponge baths, and subjects in the control group were applied warm compresses. Each group was given 20 minutes of treatment using lukewarm water with a temperature no higher than 43°C. Body temperature was measured using a calibrated digital thermometer before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using paired t-tests for within-group differences and independent t-tests for between-group comparisons. Both interventions significantly reduced body temperature in toddlers with fever on the first day (p=0.001). The average temperature decrease in the tepid sponge group was 1.14°C (p value 0,001), slightly higher than the temperature drop in the warm compress group, which is 0.99°C (p value 0,001). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in effectiveness between the two interventions (p value 0.001), with tepid sponge being more efficacious. Tepid sponge baths are more effective than warm compresses in reducing fever in toddlers on the first day. Nurses are encouraged to apply tepid sponge therapy as an alternative to pharmacological interventions to minimize the side effects of antipyretic drugs.
Association Between Climatic Factors and Malaria Incidence in Papua, Indonesia Ashar, Yulia Khairina; Safira , Putri; Lauchan, Agil Maritho
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.301

Abstract

Malaria remains a major public health concern in many countries, including Indonesia, particularly in endemic regions such as Papua. The province of Papua records the highest number of malaria cases, contributing approximately 92% of the national burden. Fluctuations in morbidity and mortality rates due to malaria in this region underscore the urgency of targeted control measures. Several environmental and climatic factors are believed to influence malaria transmission, yet comprehensive analyses in Papua remain limited. This study aimed to determine the relationship between climatic factors and the incidence of malaria in Papua.This type of research is descriptive observational with ecological study design. The data source was secondary data from the Indonesian Health Survey for malaria cases and the Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BKMG) for climate factor data. Based on the results showed that Rainfall (p=0.187; r=-0.445), humidity (p=0.627, r=-0.176), temperature (p=0.091, r=0.802), wind speed (p=0.004, r=0.818), and duration of sunshine (p=0.038, r=0.661). Findings suggest that wind speed and solar irradiation are significant predictors of malaria incidence, thus environmental management strategies should consider consider thes variables.
Respiratory Impact of PM10 and PM2.5 Exposure among Furniture Workers in Tegal Anissah, Neli; Setiani, Onny; Hanani D, Yusniar
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.306

Abstract

The furniture industry has a high potential for particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) exposure, which may lead to impaired lung function and occupational diseases. Dust from cutting, sanding, and finishing processes can be inhaled and accumulate in the respiratory tract, increasing the risk of respiratory dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the relationship between PM exposure and impaired lung function among furniture industry workers in Tegal Regency. This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach involving 100 production workers. PM concentration was measured using the Haz Dust EPAM-5000, and lung function was assessed using spirometry. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression. A total of 57% of respondents experienced impaired lung function. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between PM 10 concentration (p=0.001; OR=4.725), PM 2.5 concentration (p=0.007; OR=3.580), inhalable dust concentration (p=0.034; OR=2.478), duration of employment (p=0.003; OR=3.929), and working hours (p=0.001; OR=4.143) with impaired lung function. A total of 57% of respondents experienced impaired lung function, consisting of mild restriction, moderate restriction, and mild obstruction. There was a significant association between PM 10 concentration (p = 0.001), PM 2.5 concentration (p = 0.007), and duration of employment (p = 0.003) with impaired lung function. Logistic regression analysis identified PM 10 concentration as the dominant factor associated with impaired lung function (p = 0.002; OR = 3.976; 95% CI: 1.641–9.637.
Hygiene and Sanitation of Refill Drinking Water Depots in Relation Escherichia coli: A Quantitative Study Abas, Muhamad; Irawan, Angki; Marpaung, Dorkas
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.310

Abstract

Clean water is essential for various daily needs such as drinking, cooking, bathing, and washing. Ensuring proper hygiene and sanitation is critical to prevent waterborne diseases, particularly those caused by Escherichia coli. This descriptive observational study conducted from March to June 2024. The aim of this research is to worker hygiene practices and sanitation conditions at Refill Drinking Water Depots (RDWDs) as well as their relation to the presence of E. coli in the Timika Jaya Health Center area, Mimika Regency. All 20 certified RDWDs in the area were included in this study, involving workers and managers as respondents. Data were collected through sanitation inspections and water sampling for laboratory testing, and analyzed using SPSS to determine frequency distributions and percentages. The majority of respondents were male (87.1%), aged 25–30 years (38.7%), had completed senior high school (54.8%), and worked ≥8 hours per day (100%). In terms of hygiene compliance, only 3.2% of workers met the required standards, while 96.8% did not. All depots (100%) met sanitation standards related to location and equipment. However, 6 depots (30%) were found to be contaminated with E. coli. These findings indicate that inadequate personal hygiene among workers is a key risk factor for E. coli contamination, despite compliance with infrastructural sanitation standards. Regular monitoring, hygiene training, and enforcement of health regulations are strongly recommended to ensure the safe distribution of drinking water.
Effect of Crystalloid Preloading on Blood Pressure Stability in Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Study at Regional General Hospital of Sekarwangi Danismaya, Irawan; Basri, Burhanuddin; Safariyah, Erna; Hamzah, Amir
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.313

Abstract

Spinal anesthesia is a form of regional anesthesia administered by injecting a local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space and is commonly employed in cesarean section (C-section) procedures. One of its major side effects is hypotension, which, if not properly managed, can compromise uteroplacental perfusion and potentially result in fetal hypoxia, acidosis, and neonatal complications. Preoperative intravenous fluid administration is a preventive strategy aimed at stabilizing blood pressure by increasing central blood volume. This study aimed to examine the effect of preoperative fluid administration on blood pressure stability in C-section patients undergoing spinal anesthesia at the Regional General Hospital at Sekarwangi. A quantitative analytic approach with a pre-test and post-test design was employed. The study population consisted of 62 C-section patients who received spinal anesthesia within the last three months. Data were analyzed using the Paired Samples t-test. The results showed a statistically significant difference in blood pressure before and after fluid administration (p = 0.000 < 0.05), indicating that preoperative fluid administration had a significant effect on blood pressure stability. Future studies are recommended to employ research designs that better control for external variables and address the limitations of the present study.
Effectiveness of Banana Peel Ash, Zeolite and Clam Shells in Reducing Waterturbidity and Iron (Fe) Contentration Selviana, Selviana; Kamaran; Suwarni, Linda; Suharno
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.314

Abstract

One method to reduce iron content and water turbidity is to use banana peel coagulants and zeolite and clam shell filtration. The biochemical components in banana peels are believed to be effective in reducing turbidity and heavy metals, while zeolites and clam shells function to reduce iron levels in water. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of kepok banana peel ash coagulant (Musa acuminate balbisiana C.) and zeolite and clam shell filtration in reducing turbidity and iron (Fe) content in river water in Punggur Kecil Village, Sungai Kakap District, Kubu Raya Regency. The research method used was a quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design, taking river water samples in Punggur Kecil Village, as many as 27 samples from 9 repetitions. Data were analyzed descriptively with the paired sample t-test statistical test. The results of the analysis showed that river water treatment using banana peel ash coagulant and clam shell filtration and zeolite decreased the average iron (Fe) content from 2.21 mg/l to 0.25 mg/l, with an effectiveness of 88.18%, but there was no significant change. While the average decrease in turbidity levels was from 57.67 NTU to 17.6 NTU, with an effectiveness of 65.56%, the results were also not significant. The results of the paired t-test showed a significant difference before and after treatment in iron content with a value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) and turbidity content with a value of 0.003 (p < 0.05). The conclusion of this study shows a significant difference in iron (Fe) and turbidity levels, but this treatment method has not been effective in reducing the level of turbidity of river water. The conclusion of this study shows a significant difference in iron (Fe) and turbidity levels, but this treatment method has not been effective in reducing the level of turbidity of river water.
Pesticide Spraying Practices and Hypertension Risk among farmers in Bumen Village, Indonesia Masyithah, Wulan; Onny Setiani; Darundiati, Yusniar Hanani; Suhartono; Raharjo, Mursid; Hasim, Jamal Hisham
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.317

Abstract

This study investigated the association between pesticide spraying practices and hypertension in horticultural farmers in Bumen Village, Sumowono District, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 132 male farmers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews, blood pressure measurements, and field observations. Logistic regression revealed that mixing ≥2 pesticide types (OR=4.828; p=0.028), spraying ≥4 times per week (OR=4.552; p=0.010), and incomplete PPE use (OR=3.551; p=0.015) were significantly associated with hypertension. These findings underscore the need for stricter pesticide regulation, improved PPE use, and regular health monitoring to reduce health risks among farmers.
Pulmonary Function Impairment Associated with PM2.5, CO, and CO₂ Exposure in Home-Based Chips Industry Workers in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study Kautsar, Brilian Monica; Sudarmaji
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.318

Abstract

Wood remains a traditional fuel source for many rural communities, particularly for cooking purposes. The incomplete combustion of wood, combined with prolonged heating of cooking oil at high temperatures, can release harmful carbon compounds and carcinogenic particles, posing significant risks to respiratory health. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported in 2024 that approximately 3.2 million premature deaths annually are attributable to exposure to such pollutants. This study seeks to evaluate pulmonary function impairments among workers employed in chip home industries that predominantly utilize wood as a primary energy source. The research was conducted across two chip-producing home industries located in Senduro Subdistrict, Lumajang Regency. A total of 44 respondents participated through total sampling, where all workers underwent pulmonary function examinations. The average workplace temperature, particularly near cooking pans and wood-burning stoves, was recorded at 34,7 °C. Concentrations of PM2.5 reached 694,8 µg/m³, while CO and CO2 levels were measured at 6 ppm and 4,460 ppm, respectively. Based on the threshold limits established by the Indonesian Ministry of Health—25 µg/m³ for PM2.5, 25 ppm for CO, and 5,000 ppm for CO₂ (Regulation No. 70 of 2016), only PM 2.5 concentrations significantly exceeded the permissible exposure levels. Although most workers reported few respiratory complaints due to perceived adaptation, field assessments revealed that 79% experienced pulmonary function impairment, either restrictive or obstructive types. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between pulmonary impairment and age (p=0.001) as well as duration of employment (p=0.001). It is therefore recommended that home industry owners improve workplace environments, particularly by optimizing chimney systems and stove combustion processes, to safeguard workers' respiratory health over the long term.
The Relationship Between Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Environmental Sanitation with The Incidence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Toddlers Sayuti; Qotimah; Setyowati, Susana; Rokhamah
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.321

Abstract

Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) constitute infectious pathologies affecting superior or inferior respiratory pathways, capable of producing diverse clinical manifestations ranging from mild infectious processes to severe pathological conditions. Statistical records from the Malang City Health Department documented 56,000 ARI cases over 12 months in 2022, escalating to 43,000 cases within 6 months in 2023, demonstrating significant epidemiological increases. Documentation from TPMB Endang revealed that among 110 toddlers experiencing ARI, 37 originated from Gading Village, with the remaining cases from surrounding communities. Environmental assessment observations identified suboptimal residential hygiene conditions, sugar factory proximity, and prevalent family smoking behaviours. This investigation aimed to establish the relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and environmental sanitation with acute respiratory infection incidence among toddlers in Gading Village, Bululawang District. The research methodology employed quantitative approaches utilising analytical observational design with a cross-sectional framework. The study population encompassed all toddlers residing in Gading Village, totalling 55 individuals, with a sample of 35 toddlers selected according to predetermined inclusion criteria. Multiple linear regression analysis was implemented for data examination. Data analysis results demonstrate significant associations between cigarette smoke exposure and environmental sanitation with acute respiratory tract infection occurrence. This relationship is evidenced through regression variance analysis, specifically the Fh value of 145.846 > Ftable. Additionally, statistical significance is confirmed by the values of 3.178 (cigarette smoke exposure) > t table 1.690 and 2.567 (environmental sanitation) > t table 1.690. The study concludes that definitive relationships exist between cigarette smoke exposure and environmental sanitation with acute respiratory tract infection incidence among toddlers in Gading Village.

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