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Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Published by Polilteknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya
ISSN : 16933761     EISSN : 24078948     DOI : 10.36568
Core Subject : Health, Science, Social,
Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Public Health
Jurnal GEMA Lingkungan Kesehatan [e-ISSN: 2407-8948 | DOI: 10.36568] is a journal aims to be a leading peer-reviewed platform and an authoritative source of information. We publish original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on environmental health or public health as well as related topics that has neither been published elsewhere in any language, nor is it under review for publication anywhere. This following statement clarifies ethical behavior of all parties involved in the act of publishing an article in this journal, including the author, the editor, the reviewer, and the publisher (Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Kesehatan, Toksikologi dan Mutasi Gen
Articles 172 Documents
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Determinant Factors of Lung Tuberculosis in North Sumatera Province: Analysis of Indonesia Health Survey Data 2023 Agil Lauchan; Yulia Khairina Ashar; Putra Apriadi Siregar; Hasrat Efendi Samosir
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i2.283

Abstract

Pulmonary Tuberculosis disease is a chronic, contagious infection that remains a global public health challenge today. Indonesia ranks as the country with the second highest number of pulmonary TB cases in the world, behind India and followed by China. North Sumatra Province is ranked third in Indonesia for the highest burden of pulmonary TB after West Java and East Java with an estimated case of 74,434 cases in 2024. The purpose of the study was to analyze the determinant factors and the most influential factors and see the probability prediction of the incidence of Lung Pulmonary Tb in North Sumatra Province based on the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (IHS) data. This research is a type of quantitative method research with a cross sectional design. The sample size in this study was 54,397 respondents. Data were analyzed through univariate, bivariate, and multivariate approaches by applying logistic regression tests. Based on the results of the study, there are factors that influence the incidence of Pulmonary TB in North Sumatra Province, namely gender factors, age factors, lighting factors, and nutritional status factors with a value of (p = <0.05). The multiple logistic regression test showed that the age factor was the most dominant factor associated with the incidence of Pulmonary TB in North Sumatra Province with a value of (OR = 3.976, 95% CI = 2.105 - 7.521). The probability of developing pulmonary TB if all risk factors such as male gender, productive age, inadequate lighting, and poor nutritional status are present is 65.3%. This study is expected to provide a comprehensive picture of the factors that contribute to the incidence of Pulmonary TB in North Sumatra Province, so that it can be the basis for formulating strategies for prevention and control of this disease.
Work Posture Analysis Using Work Safe Office Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in Teachers Indri Seta Septadina; Wardiansah; Agita Diora Fitri; Muzhaffar Zaid Rahman; Richard D Naibaho
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i2.287

Abstract

Background: Teachers are required to maintain prolonged sitting postures while engaging in complex and demanding tasks, placing them at increased risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Ergonomics plays a critical role in minimizing these risks, yet its importance is often underrecognized in the teaching profession. Moreover, in Indonesia, studies using direct observation methods such as the WorkSafe Ergonomics Tool remain limited. This study aims to analyse the relationship between work posture, assessed using the WorkSafe Ergonomic Office Tool, and musculoskeletal disorders among high school teachers. Methods: This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design on 55 Islamic Senior High School 3 teachers in Palembang City, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained using the total sampling technique. Data were obtained by filling out questionnaires and observing the work postures of teachers using the Ergonomic Office instrument by WorkSafe. Meanwhile, the musculoskeletal pain indicator uses the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Results: The study results showed that most inappropriate work postures were found in the back in 78,2% of teachers and were significantly associated with pain in the head (p=0.033; OR=3.6) and back (p=0.046; OR=0.210). Conclusion: These findings highlight the urgent need for ergonomic adjustments in educational environments.  Utilising approved observational instruments, such as the WorkSafe Ergonomic Office Tool, can improve early identification and preventative measures for musculoskeletal problems among teachers in Indonesia.
Promotional Media Needs in Capacity Building of Health Cadres in Rural Areas: A Qualitative Study in Lebak District Nintinjri Husnida; Kadar Kuswandi; Tutik Iswanti; Melly Halimatussa’adiah
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i2.303

Abstract

Health cadres play an important role in community health promotion, especially in rural areas. However, the process of empowering and training cadres has not always been effective in achieving the expected goals. This study aims to explore the knowledge, barriers, and needs of cadres related to child growth and development, so that health workers can design appropriate learning media and methods. This study used a qualitative phenomenological approach and was conducted in the Mandala Rangkasbitung Health Centre Working Area, Lebak Regency, Banten Province, in June-October 2024. The results showed that the cadres' knowledge about children's growth and development was quite good. However, they experienced difficulties in explaining the material to the community due to limited media. Cadres expressed the need for simple, pictorial health promotion media with written explanations to support their work. Therefore, traditional media such as leaflets or posters with a flip-sheet format are urgently needed to improve the effectiveness of health promotion by cadres.
The Relationship between Environmental Sanitation and the Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers Paundanan, Matius; Akbar, Hairil; Fajrah, Sitti; Rikwan; Magfira, Aliza; Fitriani
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.214

Abstract

Stunting remains a significant nutritional issue among children under five in various regions of Indonesia, including Beka Village, Marawola District, Sigi Regency. Stunting is influenced by several indirect factors, including environmental sanitation, clean water, healthy latrines, wastewater management (Household Wastewater Drainage System), waste management, and hygienic practices. This study aims to examine the relationship between environmental sanitation and stunting incidence among toddlers in Beka Village. This analytical research employs a case-control study design. The study variables include clean water sanitation, healthy latrines, household wastewater drainage system, waste management, and stunting. Data were collected through questionnaires and KMS books, utilizing both primary and secondary sources. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using the chi-square test. The study population consisted of all 128 toddlers with stunting, with a sample size of 50 toddlers, including 25 cases and 25 controls. The results indicate a significant relationship between clean water availability (p = 0.020), healthy latrines (p = 0.010), household wastewater drainage system (p = 0.020), and waste management (p = 0.046) with stunting incidence. In conclusion, this study finds a significant association between environmental sanitation factors and the occurrence of stunting in toddlers in Beka Village, Marawola District, Sigi Regency.
Demographic Profile and Illness Symptoms of Artisanal Gold Miners in Ujung Padang Rasian Health Center Area, South Aceh Lensoni, Lensoni; Putri, Rosalia; Rosdiana, Eka; Rizki, Muhammad; Diffa , Farah; Karma, Taufiq; Nurdin, Ambia
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.257

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the relationship between demographic characteristics and clinical symptoms experienced by artisanal gold mine workers due to mercury exposure at the UPTD Rasian Ujung Padang Community Health Center Work Area, South Aceh District, Aceh Province. A quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional survey approach was employed. The results showed that the most commonly reported chronic toxicity symptoms were headaches (34 respondents), coughing and pain during urination (24 respondents), pelvic pain (23 respondents), and nausea (22 respondents). Regarding acute toxicity symptoms, the majority of respondents experienced muscle cramps (17 respondents), headaches (16 respondents), irritability (3 respondents), and insomnia (2 respondents). Correlation tests indicated that gender was not significantly associated with disease symptoms (p-value = 0.66 > 0.05), while age (p-value = 0.00 < 0.05), education level (p-value = 0.00 < 0.05), and length of employment (p-value = 0.01 < 0.05) showed significant associations. In conclusion, age, education level, and length of employment were significantly associated with the clinical symptoms experienced by artisanal gold mine workers.
Effectiveness of Cardamom Ethanol Extract (Amomum compactum Soland Ex Maton) in Inhibiting the Growth of Candida albicans Biofilm Masfufatun; Zahra, Fatimatuz; Listyawati, Agusniar Furkani
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.269

Abstract

Cardamom (Amomum compactum Soland Ex Maton)  is a spice known for its  pharmacological  properties. It contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and tannins, which have the potential antibiofilms activity. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cardamom ethanol extract in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans biofilm. A true experimental design with a post-test only control group design approach was employed. The extraction method used is the maceration method, and biofilm inhibition was assessed using the microtiter plate biofilm assay method. The Optical Density (OD) value was measured at 595 nm  using a microplate reader . The results indicate  that cardamom ethanol extract significantly inhibited C. albicans biofilm growth (p<0.05). The highestinhibition was observed at a 50% concentration of Cardamom extract. Probits analysis revealed the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC50 ) of  cardamom extract  to be  21.768%. In conclusion, cardamom ethanol extract is effective in inhibiting C. albicans biofilm formation with significant activity observed at  concentration as low as  3.175, with  the highest efficacy at 50%. Thus, cardamom ethanol extract can be used as an antibiofilm for the treatment of various infectious diseases caused by C. albicans biofilm. The findings suggest that cardamom ethanol extract could serve as a promising candidate for the development of novel antibiofilm agents targeting C. albicans infections. Further research, particularly in vivo studies, is necessary to validate its therapeutic potential and explore its mechanism of action in clinical settings.
AI-Based Waste Detection for Water Quality Monitoring in the Cisadane River: A Deep Learning Approach Surahmat, Asep; Yato, Dhimas Buing Rindi Widra
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.270

Abstract

The rapid accumulation of waste in Indonesia's rivers, particularly the Cisadane River, seriously threatens water quality, ecosystem health, and public well-being. Traditional waste monitoring methods are inefficient and often fail to deliver timely data for effective interventions. This study addresses this gap by proposing an AI-based waste detection system for real-time water quality monitoring using deep learning techniques. A hybrid model integrating Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and You Only Look Once version 7 (YOLO v7) was developed and tested on a dataset of 10,000 annotated images—60% organic and 40% inorganic waste—collected from the Cisadane River. The CNN model achieved a classification accuracy of 87%, a precision of 84%, a recall of 86%, and an F1-score of 85%. The YOLO v7 model demonstrated % detection accuracy of 82% with a processing speed of 20 frames per second. While mean Average Precision (mAP) was not directly calculated, the model's performance across key metrics supports its real-time applicability. This research offers a scalable and cost-effective approach for river waste monitoring and highlights the potential of AI in supporting sustainable environmental management in Indonesia.
Role of Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase, High Sensitivity C Reactive Protein and Apolipoprotein B as A Marker of Disease Severity in Psoriasis Shofiyah, Laily; Ardyanto, Tonang Dwi; Prabowo, Nurhasan Agung; Aprilningsih, Hendrastutik; Myrtha, Risalina; Kuncorowati, Niken Dyah Aryani; Suwandono, Adji; Nugroho, Novianto Adi; Sari, Maria Galuh Kamenyangan; Dyanneza, Frieska
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.285

Abstract

Psoriasis can develop into systemic psoriasis, which primarily affects the liver, bile ducts, and cardiovascular system. Assessing the severity of psoriasis was crucial for determining treatment and cardiovascular disease risk. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (HS-CRP), and apolipoprotein B (APO B) in assessing the severity of psoriasis. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, observational analytic study. A total of 33 psoriasis patients were tested for GGT, HS-CRP, APO B levels, and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. Results: The average GGT level was 70.75±56.47 u/L, the average HS-CRP level was 0.91±1.03 mg/L, the average APO B level was 110.09±26.47 mg/dL, and the average PASI score was 11.70±4.54. 12.1% of patients had mild psoriasis, 51.5% had moderate psoriasis, and 36.4% had severe psoriasis. There was a positive and strong correlation between GGT and PASI score, HS-CRP and PASI score, and APO B and PASI score. The multivariate correlation between GGT, HS-CRP, and APO B with PASI score had a value of R = 0.874, F = 31.145, p = <0.001. Conclusion: The multivariate correlation between GGT, HS-CRP, and APO B with PASI scores shows a positive and strong correlation, thus it useful for assessing the severity of psoriasis and evaluating the likelihood of cardiovascular disease.
Microplastics Contamination in Breast Milk and Infant Milk Products in Indonesia Sincihu, Yudhiakuari; Susetio, Mercy Mezia; Tang, Michelle; Julian, Alvin; Sudewi, Ni Putu; Lestari, Kusuma Scorpia; Ningrum, Prehatin Trirahayu
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.288

Abstract

Microplastics contamination has been detected in milk consumed by infants, with estimates suggesting an intake of 106-113 microplastic particles per day. These particles may pose potential health risks. However, the microplastic contamination in breast milk and formula milk in Indonesia remain unclear. This study aims to address this gap. This study employed a descriptive observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Microplastic detection was carried out on four groups: fresh breast milk, breast milk stored in plastic bags, powdered formula milk, and liquid formula milk. Breast milk samples were collected from breastfeeding mothers at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, while formula milk was obtained from various market in Surabaya. The processed samples were filtered using filter paper, and the retained particles were examined. The number and shape of microplastic particles were identified using a binocular microscope, while the polymer characteristics were analyzed using micro-FTIR. The average number of microplastic particles was highest in powdered formula milk (15.34±4.74), followed by liquid formula milk (11.59±9.50), stored breast milk (6.07±5.46), and fresh breast milk (1.41±1.50). Microplastic contamination was not detected in 17 out of 46 breast milk samples. Fragmented microplastic particle shapes dominated all samples. Nylon and Polymethyl Methacrylate were the most common plastic polymers in breast milk, while Polyoxymethylene, Polyvinyl Chloride, and Polymethylpentene were prevalent in formula milk. In conclusion, microplastic contamination in breast milk was minimal compared to formula milk, making breast milk the best feeding option for infants.
The Role of Bleeding History: Mortality Risk Acute Leukimia Senaputra , Mas Aditya; Ariningrum, Dian; Immakulata Diah Pramudianti, Maria; Ratnani, Daniela; Sidharta, B. Rina Aninda; Eka Rezkita, Bastomy; Putri, Desi Puspa
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 23 No. 3 (2025): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v23i3.293

Abstract

Acute leukemia is a malignant hematological disease with a low survival rate. The survival rate of acute leukemia patients is influenced by several factors, one of which is a history of bleeding. This study aimed to evaluate whether a history of bleeding constitutes an independent risk factor for mortality in patients diagnosed with acute leukemia at Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital, Surakarta. This study employed an observational and analytical retrospective cohort design. The subjects were patients diagnosed for the first time with acute leukemia by bone marrow puncture (BMP) and immunophenotyping from January to December 2023. The data was analyzed using chi-square for bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier test. A total of 124 patients were included in the analysis. Bivariate analysis demonstrated that both history of bleeding (p = 0.008) and leukocyte count (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with mortality. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that a history of bleeding (p = 0.027; relative risk [RR] = 3.45) and leukocyte count exceeding 50,000 cells/μL (p = 0.002; RR = 5.10) were independently associated with reduced survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed lower cumulative survival among patients with a history of bleeding and those with elevated leukocyte counts. A history of bleeding is an independent risk factor for decreased survival in patients with acute leukemia at Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital. Additionally, leukocyte counts exceeding 50,000 cells/μL are associated with significantly worse survival outcomes.

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