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Lex Journal : Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan
Published by Universitas Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
ISSN : 25812033     EISSN : 25809113     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25139/lex.v6i2
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Lex Journal is a scientific journal published by the Faculty of Law, Dr. Soetomo University which will be published regularly every six months. In July and December containing articles in the form of articles, studies, and research results. This journal is published as a forum to provide space for law and justice observers in their contribution to the development of law. Editors accept independent writings which can be in the form of articles, studies, and research results related to the field of law and justice, in Indonesian and English according to the writing style.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 139 Documents
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Determinisme Otak vs. Kehendak Bebas: Tantangan Neurosains terhadap Pertanggungjawaban Pidana di Indonesia Sutanto; Lilik Warsito; Idul Hanzah Alid
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i2.11941

Abstract

Artikel ini mengeksplorasi ketegangan antara determinisme biologis yang disodorkan oleh kemajuan neurosains dengan doktrin kehendak bebas yang menjadi pilar pertanggungjawaban pidana di Indonesia. Fokus penelitian ini adalah pada implikasi temuan neurosains terhadap konsep mens rea dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Nasional 2023 dan tantangan pembuktian bukti ilmiah neurosains dalam hukum acara pidana (KUHAP). Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa struktur otak tertentu, seperti sirkuit amigdala-korteks prefrontal, memiliki peran krusial dalam kontrol impuls dan penilaian moral. Namun, kerangka hukum Indonesia saat ini masih kekurangan instrumen normatif untuk mengakomodasi kompleksitas biologis tersebut, sehingga berisiko menciptakan asimetri epistemik dan bias dalam adjudikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya rekonstruksi konsep kesalahan yang tidak lagi berbasis biner melainkan spektral, serta pembentukan standar admisibilitas bukti ilmiah yang lebih ketat untuk memastikan keadilan substantif di era saintifik.
Rehabilitasi Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual: Perbandingan Hukum Antara Indonesia dan Filipina Muhamad Aditya; Haris Maulana; Yoseph Andrian Panjaitan; Abdl Kadir Zaylani
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i2.11968

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan antara rehabilitasi pada anak korban kekerasan seksual di Indonesia dan Filipina. Kekerasan seksual terhadap anak menjadi salah satu masalah yang sering terjadi di Indonesia. Kekerasan seksual yang terjadi terhadap anak ialah, seperti kekerasan seksual yang berupa pencabulan dengan cara sodomi dan pemerkosaan. Sehingga diperlukan adanya perlindungan yang diberikan kepada anak karena merupakan salah satu jalan agar melindungi hak-hak anak agar dapat memberikan rasa aman dan nyaman terhadap anak, melalui penulisan ini, ditujukan untuk menganalisa bagaimana perbedaan bentuk dan proses rehabilitasi terhadap anak korban kekerasan seksual sesama jenis melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan saksi dan korban dengan Republic Act No. 11930 – Anti-Online Sexual Abuse or Exploitation of Children (OSAEC) and Anti-Child Sexual Abuse or Exploitation Materials (CSAEM) Act, melihat jika terdapat trauma pada anak korban kekerasan seksual yang akan mengakibatkan anak dikemudian hari dapat mengalami cedera fisik dan gangguan psikologis pada anak tersebut. Jadi, dalam penelitian ini penulis ingin membandingkan aturan mana yang kiranya lebih efektif dalam rehabilitasi anak korban kekerasan seksual terhadap anak.
Digital Justice: Tantangan Pembuktian dan Penegakan Hukum Pidana di Era Anonimitas Siber Bagas Gilang Andika Pratama; Agus Pramono; Lailasari Ekaningsih
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i2.11973

Abstract

Keadilan Digital (Digital Justice) merepresentasikan evolusi sistem peradilan pidana dalam menghadapi transformasi masif interaksi sosial ke ranah virtual yang ditandai oleh anonimitas siber dan volatilitas data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tantangan kritis dalam pembuktian dan penegakan hukum pidana di era digital dengan fokus pada aspek forensik dan yurisdiksi. Menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis, studi ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana kerangka hukum tradisional terbebani oleh teknologi yang mengaburkan identitas, seperti VPN, Tor, dan enkripsi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa identifikasi pelaku terhambat oleh kesenjangan kompetensi antara aparat penegak hukum dan pelaku kejahatan, sementara akseptabilitas bukti digital sering kali terkompromi oleh ketiadaan protokol standar rantai penjagaan (chain of custody). Analisis diperkaya dengan teori "Code is Law" dari Lawrence Lessing dan konsep "Digital Justice" dari Katsh dan Rabinovich-Einy. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pencapaian keadilan digital memerlukan integrasi multidisiplin antara hukum, teknologi, dan reformasi organisasi untuk memastikan supremasi hukum tetap efektif di lanskap digital tanpa batas.
Etika dan Keadilan dalam Penggunaan Bukti Digital Hasil Forensik Siber di Persidangan Karunia Adi Setiawan; Agus Pramono; Sri Yuni Hastuti
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i2.11984

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah mengubah paradigma pembuktian dalam hukum acara pidana, di mana bukti digital kini menjadi instrumen krusial bagi penegak hukum. Namun, sifat bukti digital yang volatil, mudah dimodifikasi, dan tidak berwujud menimbulkan tantangan serius terhadap etika profesi forensik dan keadilan prosedural. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dimensi etika dan keadilan dalam penggunaan bukti digital hasil forensik siber dengan menggunakan perspektif teori keadilan John Rawls serta standar internasional seperti Daubert dan ISO/IEC 27037. Melalui metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan perbandingan literatur asing, penelitian ini mengkaji dua topik utama: integrasi standar etika internasional dalam validasi alat forensik dan penguatan prinsip Equality of Arms dalam proses ajudikasi digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keabsahan bukti digital tidak cukup hanya bersandar pada integritas teknis (hashing), melainkan harus melalui proses auditabilitas yang transparan untuk mencegah bias algoritmik, terutama dengan hadirnya kecerdasan buatan. Temuan ini menekankan perlunya reformasi hukum acara yang mengakomodasi hak Digital Habeas Corpus bagi terdakwa untuk menjamin keseimbangan posisi hukum di hadapan negara. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa keadilan dalam ruang siber hanya dapat dicapai apabila teknologi forensik diposisikan sebagai alat pencari kebenaran objektif, bukan sekadar instrumen pemidanaan.
A Juridical Analysis of Constitutional Court Decision No. 30/PHPU.BUP-XXIII/2025 on the 2025 Magetan Regency Local Election Results Dispute Naufal Ma’ruf Fadhlurohman; Sarjiyati; Taufiq Yuli Purnama
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i2.11985

Abstract

This study analyzes Constitutional Court Decision Number 30/PHPU.BUP-XXIII/2025 concerning the dispute over the 2025 Magetan Regent Election results. It aims to examine the judges’ legal reasoning and its implications for electoral justice. Using a normative juridical method with a case- and literature-based approach, the study finds that the Court applied a substantive justice approach by assessing structured, systematic, and massive (TSM) violations and ordering re-voting at four polling stations. This decision directly affected vote distribution among candidates and reinforced the Court’s role in safeguarding democracy. However, challenges such as inconsistencies in handling electoral violations and structural issues like political costs and nepotism remain. In conclusion, the decision strengthens electoral law enforcement while highlighting the need for improved supervision and systemic reform to ensure fair and credible local elections.
Digital Philanthropy and Accountability: A Legal Assessment of Influencer Liability in Public Donation Management Rifqy Arfyan; Subadi; Mohammad Choirul Anam
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i2.11995

Abstract

The development of digital technology and social media has elevated the role of influencers as key players in public fundraising, particularly for natural disaster relief. Through digital platforms, influencers are able to mobilize public support quickly and on a massive scale. Such fundraising efforts also raise various legal issues, especially regarding transparency, accountability, and legal liability in the event of mismanagement of funds. This study aims to analyze the legal basis for influencers’ liability in the management of public donation funds under the Indonesian legal system and to examine the forms of legal liability that may be imposed. The research method employed is normative legal research using a statutory and conceptual approach, through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The results of the study indicate that influencers’ liability in the management of public donation funds is still regulated indirectly through various legal regimes, such as the Law on the Collection of Money or Goods, civil law, criminal law, and the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions. Influencers may be subject to civil, criminal, and administrative liability depending on their actions.
Legal Protection for Customers in Electronic Goods Pawn-Deposit Agreements at PT Sarara Gadai Indonesia in Palu City Rizky Sabrina; Rosnani Lakunna; Moh. Saleh
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i2.12053

Abstract

Pawnshops play a strategic role in meeting the need for quick financing, especially for the general public and MSMEs that have limited access to formal banking services. Pawnshops in Indonesia that play a particularly strategic role are private pawnshops, which are regulated by OJK Regulation No. 31/POJK.05/2016 on the pawnshop business. One of the private pawnshops currently operating in Palu is PT. Sarara Gadai Indonesia; however, the pawn practices currently carried out by Sarara Gadai do not align with applicable laws, and the standard clauses in the agreements drafted by PT. Sarara Gadai Indonesia appears to be biased against the interests of consumers (customers). This study aims to examine how the pawn agreement for electronic goods is implemented at PT. Sarara Gadai Indonesia in Palu City, and to assess the compliance of the standard clauses in the pawn agreement for electronic goods at PT. Sarara Gadai Indonesia in Palu City, with the provisions of the Civil Code and OJK Regulation No. 31/POJK.05/2016. The research design employed is empirical legal research. The study was conducted at the PT. Sarara Gadai Indonesia branch is located at I Gusti Ngurah Rai. The results indicate that the implementation of electronic goods pawn agreements at PT. Sarara Gadai Indonesia constitutes a supplementary agreement to a debt-credit agreement, serving as collateral for debt repayment. In practice, the implementation of the agreement is supported by straightforward requirements, flexible payment terms, and a fast disbursement process. In terms of compliance, the clauses of the pawn agreement meet some of the legal requirements for pawn agreements, including the conditions for a valid agreement; however, they are not fully compliant because there are still several clauses that deviate from the legal provisions outlined in the Civil Code and the OJK Regulation.
Artificial Intelligence and Administrative Law in Modern Governance Yeri Antoni; Fatimah Nur Fauzia; Yovan Iristian
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i2.12203

Abstract

This research examines the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and algorithmic decision-making (ADM) on administrative law and modern governance. As governments increasingly integrate AI into public services—from welfare distribution and tax administration to law enforcement—foundational principles of administrative law, including legality, transparency, and accountability, face unprecedented challenges. The objective of this study is to analyze how existing legal doctrines adapt to the "black-box" nature of AI and to evaluate emerging global regulatory frameworks. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical methodology rooted in a comprehensive literature review of international legal scholarship and landmark case law, the study identifies a growing tension between administrative efficiency and the protection of fundamental rights. The findings suggest that while AI enhances productivity by reducing "noise" in human judgment, it risks entrenching systemic biases and eroding procedural fairness. The results highlight the necessity of "communicative accountability" and "prospective benchmarking" to maintain the rule of law. The study concludes that modern governance requires a transition from traditional human-centric oversight to integrated socio-technical regulatory models, exemplified by the EU AI Act and the lessons learned from the failures of systems like SyRI in the Netherlands and Robodebt in Australia.
Analyzing Contracts Through the Lens of Forensic Linguistics: A Comprehensive Literature Review Marco Orias; Deki Satriawan; Hery Kurniawan Zaenal; Achmad Nurwachid; Yudhistira Prawira Utama
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i2.12214

Abstract

This study examines the role of forensic linguistics in analyzing contractual documents and safeguarding contract enforceability in modern legal systems. The research aims to identify the major linguistic issues in contracts and to explore the application of forensic linguistic tools to resolve contractual disputes. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, analyzing scholarly publications from 2020 to 2024 across databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The findings reveal that semantic ambiguity, translation shifts, authorship contestation, and deceptive contractual language are the dominant linguistic problems affecting contractual integrity. The study also demonstrates that forensic linguistic approaches, including discourse analysis, legal semiotics, computational stylometry, and syntactic complexity analysis, play a significant role in detecting linguistic manipulation and verifying document authenticity. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence and digital technologies has transformed both the opportunities and challenges of contract authentication. This research concludes that forensic linguistics has become an essential interdisciplinary framework for ensuring fairness, transparency, and legal certainty in contractual agreements, particularly in digital and cross-border transactions.
Pengaturan Hukum Mengenai Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas yang Diakibatkan Material Proyek di Jalan Hurun Iin Samsu; Syamsuddin Baco; Marini Citra Dewi
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 10 No 3 (2026): In Progress
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v10i3.12325

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan kecelakaan lalu lintas yang di akibatkan material proyek dijalan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan studi kasus, serta analisis kualitatif terhadap putusan pengadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan kecelakaan lalu lintas yang disebabkan oleh material proyek di jalan telah diatur berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Namun dalam penerapannya masih belum optimal sehingga di perlukan penegakan hukum antara pemerintah, aparat penegak hukum, dan pelaksana proyek dalam menerapkan sistem pengawasan untuk penanganan material proyek di jalan. Kelalaian dalam penempatan material proyek yang menyebabkan kecelakaan dapat dikategorikan sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum (onrechtmatige daad), sehingga pelaksana proyek bertanggung jawab secara hukum untuk mengganti kerugian yang timbul baik materiil maupun immaterial. Jika pelaksana proyek tidak memenuhi kewajiban pembayaran ganti rugi, korban dapat mengajukan permohonan eksekusi ke pengadilan negeri. Pemerintah sebagai penyelenggara jalan juga dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban subsidair apabila lalai melakukan pengawasan atau tidak segera memperbaiki serta memberikan tanda peringatan pada area proyek yang membahayakan pengguna jalan.

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