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SAINS MEDIKA : JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DAN KESEHATAN

sainsmedika
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Published by Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

ISSN : 20851545 EISSN : 2339093X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Sains Medika is journal of medicine and health, is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that focuses on promoting medical sciences generated from Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, Clinical Sciences, and Medical Education to integrate researches in all aspects of human health. This journal publishes original articles, reviews article, and also interesting case reports.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 235 Documents

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Low Molecular Weight Antioxidant versus Flavonoids in Combating Oxidative Stress: Which One is Superior? Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 9, No 2 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

According to the free radical theory of aging, firstly proposed by Denham Harman, the most prominent cause of aging and degenerative diseases (DD) is continuously chemical reaction in cells and tissues. In this context aging and or DD is manifested as chemical composition, whilst aging process is reflected by chemical reaction affected by environment (Harman, 1981). Thus, both aging and DD have similar process, predisposed with oxidative stress and characterized by the progressive cellular alteration accumulation in line with time and account for increase in susceptibility to diseases and death. The most prevalent chemical reaction is between free radical reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) with cellular biomolecules such as lipids, protein, carbohydrate, and DNA (Lamichhane et al., 2013). In order to prevent the deleterious effect of that chemical reaction, humanâ€™s body provides an antioxidant defense system to counterbalance the free radical dangerous effect. However, owing to inappropriate life style, eating style, physical activity, and poor environment, production of ROS and RNS may be increased and induce cellular damages. Numerous publications indicated that oxidative stress and cellular damages can be reduced even prevented by exogenous antioxidant, thus intake antioxidant from external sources is necessary. There are two type of exogenous antioxidant consisting of low molecular weight antioxidant (LMWA) and flavonoids. Unfortunately, the effect of LMWA on delaying aging and ameliorating DD remain inconsistent. On the other hand, numerous data indicate that flavonoids a botanical antioxidant was capable of improving oxidative stress and emerging as an alternative promising antioxidant (Sudhakaran et al., 2019). However, the effect of LMWA and flavonoids in combating oxidative stress remain unknown which one is better.

Quality of Life Allergic Rhinitis after Probiotic Combination Supplementation Wardani, Andriana Tjitria Widi; Soetoko, Anita Soraya
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 4, No 2 (2012): Juli-Desember 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Background: Probiotics are potential as a therapy for allergy sufferers, which can increase the ratio IFNÃƒÂ£, IL4. However, the effects of probiotics on the quality of life of patients with allergic rhinitis have not been developed yet. This study aimed to determine the effect of a combination of probiotics on the quality of life of patients with allergic rhinitis.Design and Methods: This study used a randomized design with post test control group design. The populations in this study were men and women aged 18-25 years who suffer from allergic rhinitis with moderate to severe according to the WHO criteria. This study uses two groups: the group treated by administration of a combination of probiotics and the control group were given a placebo. Quality of life was assessed by checklist scores and levels of IgE. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test with 95% confidence intervals.Results: The results of statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the quality of life of allergic rhinitis sufferers control and treatment groups (p> 0.05). However, there are significant differences between the mean levels of IgE allergy sufferers rhintis control and treatment groups (p <0.05).Conclusion: Probiotic treatment did not affect the quality of life of patients with allergic hinitis but a reduction in the levels of IgE (Sains Medika, 4(2):157-164).

The Effect of Honey in Second Degree Burn Healing on Wistar Rats (Overview of Angiogenesis and the Number of Fibroblasts) Almaz, Ayyasi Izaz; Purnawati, Ratna Dama; Istiadi, Hermawan; susilaningsih, Neni
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 11, No 1 (2020): June 2020
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Introduction: Burn therapy is generally done using a burn ointment. However, honey can also be used as an alternative treatment for burns. Honey contains active flavonoid as an antioxidant and hydrogen peroxide which can stimulate fibroblasts proliferation also angiogenesis on burn healing phase.Objective: to determine the effect of honey in second degree burn healing from angiogenesis and the number of fibroblasts on Wistar rats. Methods: This research used a posttest only controlled group design on 15 rats with random selection and divided into 3 groups: H-G was given honey, B-G was given BioplacentonÂ®, N-G without any treatment after burn was induced. Rats were given a second degree burn in a size of 2 cm x 2cm on the back area and were treated twice a day for 14 days. Burn healing was measured by calculating the observation results of microscopic VEGF expression, the number of neovascularization, and the number of fibroblasts. Hypothesis analysis used Annova post hoc LSD and Mann-Whitney.Results: The highest mean in VEGF expression and the number of neovascularization was obtained from group B-G followed by group H-G and group N-G. Significant differences in the number of neovascularization between group B-G with group N-G, p<0.05.Conclusion: Honey can provide a healing effect on the second degree of burns in Wistar rats in terms of the number of neovascularization as well as BioplacentonÂ®

Antioxidant Activity of The Crude Carotenoid Pigment Extract from Yellow Ambon Banana (M. parasidiaca sapientum) Peel: Its Potency as Vitamin A Supplement Suparmi, Suparmi; Prasetya, Harka
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 4, No 1 (2012): Januari-Juni 2012
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Background: Carotenoid pigment is one of the promising sources of provitamin A because it has been shown to have capacity to be converted into vitamin A by the body. This present study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activity in vitro using the DPPH and assessing the encapsulation of the crude carotenoid pigment extracted from Musa parasidiaca sapientum peel.Method: The total vitamin A carotenoid in the banana peel was assessed using the double beam Varian Cary 50 spectrophotometer at 470 nm. Then it was converted to microgram per gram of the banana peel using the NAS-NRC equation. The extraction was conducted using acetone. The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH (1.1-difenil-2-dipikrilhidrazil). The antioxidant activity of carotenoid crude extract was compared to that of marker ÃƒÂ¢-karoten antioxidant (E-Merck, No. 1.02236). IC50 values were calculated using the regression formula. The dried carotenoid crude extract was encapsulated with dextrin filler.Result: The water content level of ambon banana was 50.68 % Ã‚Â± 3.35 %. The peel of the yellow ambon banana has a total carotenoid of 6.203 Ã‚Â± 0.004 ÃŽÂ¼g/g. The converted carotenoid vitamin A was 124.06 Ã‚Â± 0.08 IU. The IC50 value of the yellow ambon banana crude extract was 2350.3 ppm meaning higher than the marker ÃƒÂ¢-caroten (565.76 ppm). The encapsulation technique increased the pigment stabilization of the yellow ambon banana which will be used for vitamin A supplement.Conclusion: The crude extract of carotenoid pigment of the yellow ambon banana peel has an antioxidant potential although it is less efficient compared to that of ÃƒÂ¢-carotene. The IC50 value of the crude extract of carotenoid pigment of the yellow banana ambon is 2350.3 ppm, higher than marker ÃƒÂ¢ -caroten (Sains Medika, 4(1):78-88).

Diagnostic Study on Identification Method of Enterobacteriaceae Directly from Blood Culture Ciptaningtyas, V. Rizke; Hapsari, Rebriarina; Kristina, Tri Nur; Winarto, Winarto
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 2 (2015): July-December 2015
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Introduction: The provision of rapid diagnosis results from positive blood cultures is important for clinical management of sepsis. Using conventional method as a reference method in laboratory, time needed for bacterial identification are 24 hours longer because it has to deal with primary isolation step. Objectives: This study investigated the accuracy of direct inoculation technique of bacteria from positive blood culture vials to biochemical test tubes without primary isolation step to identify Enterobacteriaceae, second most common causative agent of sepsis.Methods: The study was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University. This is a diagnostic study. As the study sample, blood cultures in BACTEC bottles from Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang with bacterial growth in it. Inclusion criteria was Gram-negative rod bacteri, staining results from BACTEC blood culture bottles, and as a exclusion criteria, there are more than one colony found on blood agar and Mac Conkey agar and showed positive result in oxidation test. Identification of bacteria based on biochemical table of Enterobacteriaceae. Data were analyzed with a 2x2 table.Results: Thirty two samples included in this study. Ten samples (31%) were excluded. Twenty one from twenty two (95%) study samples accurately identified to the genus level by direct inoculation method.Conclusion: The results showed that the direct inoculation method provides an acceptable genus identification, with a potential saving of 24 hours compared with conventional methods.

Calorie Restriction, Stem Cells, and Rejuvenation Approach Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 7, No 2 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Aging may be defined as the time-dependent deterioration in function of an organism associated with or responsible for the increase in susceptibility to disease and probability of death with advancing age (Harman, 1981; Cefalu, 2011). Generally, the aging organisms are characterized by both biochemical and functional declines. Declining of basal metabolism rates, protein turnover, glucose tolerance, reproductive capacity, telomere shortening, and oxidative phosphorylation are related to the biochemical. Whilst, lung expansion volume, renal glomerular and tubular capacities, cardiovascular performance, musculoskeletal system, nerve conduction velocity, endocrine and exocrine systems, immunological defenses, and sensory systems are associated with the physiological declining (Baynes and Dominiczak, 2015). Some evidences indicated that, although members of a species develop into adults in the same way, even genetically similar or identical individuals, raised in identical conditions and eating identical food, but they may age differently (Baynes and Dominiczak, 2015). These aging differences are attributable to the life style particularly calorie and dietary restriction intakes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and thus its implication on severity of damage, repair capacity, and error accumulation in cellular genetic material (Baynes and Dominiczak, 2015; Mihaylova et al., 2014; Mazzoccoli et al., 2014). Therefore, in molecular terms, aging can be defined as a decline of the homeostatic mechanisms that ensure the function of cells, tissues, and organs systems (Mazzoccoli et al., 2014). Accordingly, if the homeostatic mechanism can be repaired, the result is rejuvenation.

In Vitro Effect of Alfa Mangostin on Multiresistant Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Rakhmawatie, Maya Dian; Rohmani, Afiana; Ahyar, Fariz Wafaul
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 8, No 1 (2017): June 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Introduction: In Indonesia, the most commom uropatogen E. coli resistance has been to ampicillin (91.9%), ciprof loxacin (83.7%) and cefixime (67.6%). Î±-mangostin, a chemical compound, has been developed as a new antibiotics isolaated from herbal Garcinia mangostana L, but its effectiveness against multiresistant uropathogenic E. Coli has not been established.Objective: This study examined the effect of Î±-mangostin on growth of multiresistant E. coliMethods: Î±-mangostin Treatment of E. coli uropatogen bacteria was administered in vitro, using 14 levels of concentration 14; 28,13; 56.25; 112.5;225; And 450 Î¼g/mL with 4 times replication at each concentration. The antibacterial activity of Î±-mangostin was determined by evaluating bacterial growth at each concentration using the indirect method by sample absorbance reading. The Samples of uropatogen of E. coli treated with various doses of Î±-mangostin were incubated for 18-20 hours and then subjected to the absorbance reading using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer Î» 625 nm.Results: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in this study was 450 mg/mL. Based on linear regression (STATA 13.1) relationship betweenÎ±-mangostin concentrations and bacterial growth inhibition activity showed 0.0001 <0.05 showing that all concentrations of Î±-mangostin simultaneously had a significant effect on the growth of uropathogenic E. coli.Conclusion: Î±-mangostin has not been effective to inhibit the growth of multiresistent uropathogentic E. coli due to a relatively high MIC (450 mcg/mL).a Potentially relevant activity in the clinical setting will occur if the value of the MIC of a substance in vitro <100 Î¼g /mL. Even the pharmaceutical industry prefers the development of antibiotics with in vitro MIC value of â‰¤ 2 Î¼g/mL.

Successful Aging Nasihun, Taufiqurrahman
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 6, No 1 (2015): January-June 2015
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

The emerging concept of successful aging is based on evidence that in healthy individual when they get aged, there areÂ considerable variations in physiological functions alteration. Some people exhibiting greater, but others very few or no age related alteration. The first is called poor aging and the later is called successful pattern of aging (Lambert SW, 2008). Thus, in the simple words the successful aging concept is define as an opportunity of old people to stayÂ active and productive condition despite they get aged chronologically. Aging itself might be defined as the progressive accumulation of changes with time associated with or responsible for the ever-increasing susceptibility to disease and death which accompanies advancing age (Harman D, 1981). The time needed to accumulate changes is attributable to aging process. The marked emerging questions are how does aging happen and where does aging start?To answer these questions and because of the complexity of aging process, there are more than 300 aging theories have been proposed to explain how and where aging occured and started respectively. There are too many to enumerate theories and classification of aging process. In summary, all of these aging theories can be grouped into three clusters: 1. Genetics program theory, this theory suggests that aging is resulted from program directed by the genes; 2. Epigenetic theory, in these theory aging is resulted from environmental random events not determined by the genes; 3. Evolutionary theory, which propose that aging is a medium for disposal mortal soma in order to avoid competition between organism and their progeny for food and space, did not try to explain how aging occur, but possibly answer why aging occur (De la Fuente. 2009). Among the three groups of aging theories, the epigenetic theory is useful to explain and try to solve the enigma of aging which is prominently caused by internal and external environmental influences.There are gradual decline of physiological functions in human after becoming adult in life. The declining of physiological functions might be define as decrease in protein synthesis capacity, bone mineral density, immunological function, strength and muscle mass, and otherwise increase in fat accumulation (Rudman D, et al. 1982; Charmpilas N, et al. 2015). Epidemiologic study indicated that the predominant cause of morbidity, mortality, and reduced longevity in cohort were acute and chronic inflammatory as well as oxidative stress, resulted from environmental inflammations, infections, obesity, and social distress. Acute inflammatory is commonly caused by biological agent, especially both or either bacterial and or viral, whereas chronic inflammatory is related to environmental inflammagen, obesity, and social distress (Sone H et al. 2010) Chronic oxidative stress injures cells particularly in regulatory sytem such as endocrine, nervous, immune, and the neuro-endocrine immune communication by wich cell loss its homeostasis regulatory and cannot preserve health (De la Fuente. 2009). Subsequently, it will impaire homeostasis that leads to an increase in the morbidity and mortality of aging. Likely, answer to the question of where aging start is from the mitochondrial cells of regulatory system. Various evidences indicate that the rate of mitochondrial oxygen radical generation, the degree of membrane fatty acid unsaturation, and oxidative damage to mitochodrial DNA are lower in the long-live species compared to short live species (Braja G, 2004). Several studies also indicate that majority of human adults die due to complication of atherosclerosis, cancer, dimentia, whereas in healthy age Â invariably accompanied by muscle weakness, and make them frail, disabled, and dependent before eventually died. Such disability prominently caused by skeletal muscle weakness due to diminution of muscle mass and its nerve, osteoarthrirtis, and others chronic degenerative diseases related to oxidative stress (Payton OD, et al. 2012) Furthermore, physical weakness in aging people, generally marked by imbalanced, immobility, low durability, and physical frailty. Consequences of such physical frailty are easy to fall, bone fracture, dependence, hence decreasing daily activity (Buchner DM, et al. 1992; Lambert SW, 2008)To ameliorate the impairment of homeostasis, a caloric restriction but not malnutrition diet and adequate exercise (aerobic, resistance, and streching) can be adopted to neutralize as part of the oxidative and inflammatory stress and to strengthen and increase muscle mass (Payton OD, et al. 2012; Park S, et al. 2012). In special individual condition, like as overweight or obesity, smoker and frequently use of mobile phone, proper antioxidant supplementation can be considered. In addition, caloric restriction, food intake is intentionally reduced by 30â€“50% has been shown to delay the aging process in mice by decreasing the levels of histone deacetylase2 (HDAC2), which other wise increases during the normal aging process (Mercken EM, et al. 2012).

OBESITY AS A RISK FACTOR FOR SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AFTER TRANSPERITONEAL CESAREAN SECTION Rahayu, Rahayu
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 9, No 1 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the main complications that can increase morbidity and mortality in obese women after cesarean section. Surgical site infection can be caused by endogenous or exogenous factors. This was a case ofÂ a woman, G4P3A0, 32 years, afterÂ trans-peritoneal cesarean section for indications of breech presentation; primary uterine inertia; premature rupture + 22 hours with BMI = 30.80 kg/m2. This case report discusses how obesity causes surgical site infection and its management.

Correlation between Attitude of Midwive and Support Cadre in the Behavior of Vitamin a Postpartum Mother Giving Primary Health Center Klaten Region Hasanah, Intan Nugraheni
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 5, No 2 (2013): July-December 2013
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

The Program to prevent vitamin A deficiency in Indonesia includes the administration of vitamin A for post partum mothers by giving a high dose ofvitamin A (@ 200,000 international standard). However, midwives sometimes do not evaluate and follow up the program implantation to make sure thatall postpartum women receive the capsule. This study was aimed at evaluating the midwivesâ€™ attitude and health promotorsâ€™ support and the behavior ofmidwives in giving the vitamin A capsule to post partum mothers in integrated health center (puskesmas) in Klaten regency. This was a cross-sectionalstudy among 37 midwives in puskesmas of Klaten. The data was obtained using a structured questionnaire. Univariate analysis used frequency distributionand bivariate using chi square test. Most of the respondents (75.6%) had a good supports (68%), there was a correlation between the attitude and behaviorof midwife in giving the vit A capsule (p=0.002). There was a correlation between the support of health promoters with the behavior of midwives in givingvitamin A capsule to post partum mothers(p=0.004). There was a correlation between the attitude and the behavior of midwife and support of healthpromotors and the behavior of midwives in giving the vitamin A to mother in Klaten regency.

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