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Contact Name
H Hadiyanto
Contact Email
hadiyanto@che.undip.ac.id
Phone
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ijred@live.undip.ac.id
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CBIORE office, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH-Tembalang Semarang
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Kota semarang,
Jawa tengah
INDONESIA
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.xxx.xxx
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Development - (Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.; p-ISSN: 2252-4940; e-ISSN:2716-4519) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal co-published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) that aims to promote renewable energy researches and developments, and it provides a link between scientists, engineers, economist, societies and other practitioners. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development is currently being indexed in Scopus database and has a listing and ranking in the SJR (SCImago Journal and Country Rank), ESCI (Clarivate Analytics), CNKI Scholar as well as accredited in SINTA 1 (First grade category journal) by The Directorate General of Higher Education, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia under a decree No 200/M/KPT/2020. The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen production technology, Energy policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency, planning and management, Life cycle assessment. The journal also welcomes papers on other related topics provided that such topics are within the context of the broader multi-disciplinary scope of developments of renewable energy.
Articles 709 Documents
Synthesis of sodalite-natural dolomite as novel bifunctional catalyst for biodiesel production: Experimental study of performance and emissions on diesel engine Fatah, Misbakhul; Hamid, Abdul; Rahmawati, Zeni; Saiful, S.; Purbaningtias, Tri Esti; Jakfar, Amin
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61434

Abstract

The development of catalysts derived from natural minerals was investigated in this study for biodiesel production due to their high catalytic activity, abundant availability, low production cost, and environmentally friendly. Biodiesel was produced from Calophyllum Inophyllum (CI) oil using bifunctional catalyst synthesized from natural dolomite and sodalite. In addition, an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of the produced biodiesel in a diesel engine. The natural dolomite catalyst contains a high composition of CaO-MgO, while sodalite, consisting of Si and Al precursors, was synthesized from natural kaolin. The bifunctional catalysts were synthesized via wet impregnation method with varying loadings of natural dolomite (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt%). FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and N2 adsorption-desorption analyses were employed to characterize the physicochemical properties of the catalysts. The optimum biodiesel yield of 94.14 % was obtained at dolomite loading of 25 wt%. Engine performance tests revealed that the B10 fuel blend produced maximum power and torque of 1.252 kW and 69.151 N.m, respectively, at 1250 rpm. While the optimum specific fuel consumption was obtained at 0.0004 Kg.HP/h at 1250 rpm for all fuel blends.The lowest CO emission was recorded for the B40 fuel blend at 414 ppm, while the lowest NO and NOx emissions were observed for the D100 fuel at 88 and 86 ppm, respectively.
Effect of electrode annealing to the performance of novel 3D-printed floating microbial fuel cell for polluted surface water remediation Paclibar, Arnil Jr. B.; Pamintuan, Kristopher Ray S.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61235

Abstract

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) produce electricity by harnessing the electrons generated from the biochemical reactions of bacteria in wastewater. In this study, the performance of a novel 3D-printed floating microbial fuel cell (MFC) design was investigated. The design utilized protopasta conductive polylactic acid (PLA) for the electrodes and ESUN non-conductive PLA+ for the separator. The electrodes were annealed, and its effects on the electrodes' resistances and peak proton transfer rate were investigated. After annealing both electrodes, the resistance and peak proton transfer values dropped. The average current and voltage generation were also examined, and the results showed that the annealed set showed lower values of both voltage and current compared to the non-annealed set. Stacking studies were also done, and the configuration that exhibited the largest power and power density was 8P for both annealed and non-annealed sets. The maximum power density obtained by the non-annealed design is 7.195 µW/m2, 21.81 µW/m2, and 26.74 µW/m2 for IND, 3S4P, and 4P3S, respectively. For the annealed set, the maximum power densities are 1.059 µW/m2, 24.03 µW/m2, and 24.09 µW/m2 for IND, 3S4P, and 4P3S, respectively. Lastly, the COD reduction efficiency of the design is 78.57% and 79.17% for the non-annealed and annealed sets, respectively. The results of this study prove that 3D-printing technology can be a possible option for the manufacturing and improvement of future MFC studies. The study verified that annealing reduced the performance of the MFC mainly because of the design where its electrodes are also acting as the chambers.
Enhancement of aerodynamic performance of H-Darrieus rotor using wraparound fairing system: A 2D CFD study Boulla, Douha; Fertahi, Saif ed-din; Bernatchou, Maryam; Samaouali, Abderrahim; Ajani, Meryeme; boussaq, Chaimae
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61437

Abstract

The aim of this article is to improve the aerodynamic performance of a three-bladed vertical axis H-Darrieus wind turbine, which is equipped with different types of fairings. To this end, a 2D CFD simulation combined with calculations based on the resolution of the Steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) and the SST  turbulence model was used. In addition, the multiple reference frame (MRF) method was applied for the simulation. The simulation results show that the power coefficient () reaches maximum values equal to 0.561, 0.580 and 0.607 for the NACA2412, Eppler 423 and DAE-11 profiles respectively, for a chord length C = 3 and a tip speed ratio (TSR) equal to 2.5. Then, the torque coefficient () reaches the highest value of  = 0.354 at  = 20° for the DAE-11 fairing, which means that this profile performs better, particularly at higher angles of attack. These results confirm that the DAE-11 fairing surpassed the Eppler 423 and NACA2412 profiles. Unstable vortex field formation has been observed between the turbine and the fairing, at the leading and trailing edges, for both low and high fairing chord lengths. This phenomenon can increase torque and disrupt flow direction at low velocity. On the other hand, when the chord length reaches a medium value, a more stable flow zone appears. It can therefore be concluded that the addition of a fairing to the H-Darrieus rotor with a suitable chord length improves the turbine aerodynamic performance, particularly in terms of flow stabilization and reduction of the stagnation zone.
Numerical evaluation of the high solidity values effect on the performance of H-Darrieus turbine with NACA 0025 hydroprofiel Cárdenas, José Daniel Cardona; Marín, Juan Gonzalo Ardila; Toro, Juan José Arbeláez
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61304

Abstract

This study evaluates the performance of high-solidity H-Darrieus hydrokinetic turbines using transient two-dimensional (2D) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The objective was to analyze the impact of variations in rotor radius and blade chord length on the mechanical power generated at the shaft and on the power coefficient (Cp). Six rotors with a NACA 0025 airfoil were modeled, covering a solidity range from 1.09 to 1.64. The highest mechanical power generated was 211.6 W with a 450 mm radius rotor at a solidity of 1.09, while the maximum power coefficient (Cp,max) was 0.49. Numerical results demonstrated a strong correlation between the Cp and torque (T) as a function of the tip-speed ratio (TSR). Both magnitudes followed a similar trend, reaching their peaks within an optimal TSR range of ~2 and exhibiting analogous behavior throughout the entire performance curve. The findings confirm that for a given solidity, increasing the rotor size significantly enhances the generated torque and power. However, for the solidity values evaluated, an increase in solidity beyond 1.0 has a negative impact on the Cp. Specifically, the rotor with the highest solidity of 1.64 showed a significantly lower maximum power and Cp, in addition to a narrower operational range. The analogous behavior of the Cp trend with respect to solidity variation was corroborated by validation with the experimental findings of Dai and Lam. A discrepancy between the simulation and experimental results of between 31% and 42% was found, which is attributable to the idealizations inherent in the 2D model, such as the omission of three-dimensional effects. Despite these simplifications, the model proved to be a practical and efficient approach for the comparative analysis of turbine geometries in the initial design stages.
Modelling and analysis of wind loading effects for heliostat mirrors using computational fluid dynamics Ahmad, Naseer; Badar, Hafiz Waqas; Mughal, Khurram Hameed; Ali, Hafiz Umar; Waqas, Muhammad
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 6 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60977

Abstract

This study examines the impact of wind forces on the structural integrity of heliostat assemblies in concentrated solar power systems, specifically tailored to local climatic conditions. The objective is to assess how varying elevation angles influence aerodynamic parameters, thereby informing design optimizations for enhanced operational efficiency. A computational fluid dynamics approach, utilizing the standard k-ε turbulence model, second-order implicit time formulation, and the Green-Gauss cell-based method, was employed to simulate wind interactions with a heliostat model at elevation angles of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. The simulation process encompassed model development, mesh refinement, boundary condition setup, and numerical solution techniques. Post-processing analysis focused on aerodynamic characteristics such as drag and lift forces, static and dynamic pressures, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulence intensity. Results indicate that drag force increases with elevation angle, peaking at 90°, while lift force is maximized at 30°. Additionally, static and dynamic pressures, skin friction coefficients, and turbulence parameters exhibit strong dependence on the heliostat's elevation angle. The minimum values of the skin friction coefficient, drag coefficient, and turbulence intensity were found to be 0.0111, 0.3580, and 11.42%, respectively, at an elevation angle of 0°. Moreover, the finite element analysis of the heliostat structure to evaluate its resistance under wind loading demonstrated structural integrity with acceptable stress and displacement levels. These findings provide valuable insights for engineers and researchers aiming to optimize heliostat structural dimensions, thereby enhancing the economic and operational performance of concentrated solar power systems.
Parametric study on the hydrothermal synthesis of fluorescent p-doped carbon quantum dots from banana peels (Musa acuminata) and their photocatalytic performance towards hexavalent chromium reduction Claus, Christian Marasigan; Detras, Monet Concepcion M; Capunitan, Jewel A; Carpio, Rowena B; del Barrio, Marilyn C
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61383

Abstract

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) represents a significant risk to both human health and the environment. Photocatalysis offers a promising method for reducing Cr(VI) to the less toxic Cr(III) state, which can be easily precipitated and removed. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have become prominent in photocatalysis owing to their facile synthesis, light-harvesting capacity, and electron transfer properties. In this study, banana peel (Musa acuminata) powder containing approximately 59.58 ± 7.43% (w/w) carbohydrates and 15.67 ± 0.15% (w/w) moisture, serves as a sustainable carbon source for synthesizing CQDs, through the hydrothermal method. Phosphoric acid was introduced as a dopant and catalyst, promoting the formation of fluorescent phosphorus-doped carbon quantum dots (P-CQDs). These P-CQDs were then used as photocatalysts for the visible light-induced reduction of Cr(VI). This research employed a 2k factorial experimental design to evaluate the effects of hydrothermal synthesis conditions such as phosphoric acid-to-banana peel powder mass ratio (1:1 to 2:1), reaction temperature (140°C to 180°C), and reaction time (4 to 8 hours) on the photoreduction of 50ppm Cr(VI) in synthetic wastewater. Photoreduction efficiencies ranged from 57.3% to 85.4% after 2 hours of visible light irradiation. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results at a 95% confidence interval demonstrated that all three factors significantly influenced the reduction efficiency. Furthermore, UV-Vis spectroscopy of P-CQDs at varying hydrothermal synthesis conditions revealed characteristic absorption bands at π–π* transitions of the C=C bonds in the core structure and n–π* transitions of C=O/P domains on the surface. Meanwhile, FTIR analysis of P-CQD samples has shown several peaks corresponding to hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and phosphorus-containing functional groups. The synthesized compound also exhibited strong photoluminescence with blue-green emission under 365 nm UV light.  These findings are crucial for further research aimed at optimizing the synthesis of sustainable P-CQD photocatalysts.
Data-driven reconstruction of solar spectrum in a class A+ LED solar simulator Wannakam, Khanittha; Boonmee, Chaiyant; Sukthang, Kreeta; Chudjuarjeen, Saichol; Romsai, Wattanawong; Watjanatepin, Napat
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 6 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61502

Abstract

High‑spectral‑fidelity solar simulators are indispensable for rigorous photovoltaic characterization, as they provide stable, reproducible irradiance that closely conforms to the AM 1.5G reference spectrum. The latest IEC 60904‑9:2020 standard imposes stringent limits on spectral mismatch (SM), coverage, and deviation, driving the need for innovative design strategies. This work introduces a data‑driven LED spectrum reconstruction methodology to engineer a Class A+ LED Solar Simulator (LSS) spectrum. Manufacturer‑provided spectral profiles spanning 300–1200 nm were digitized using a precision plot‑digitization tool and calibrated via a Spectral Mismatch Calculator to ensure wavelength alignment and intensity normalization. Custom numerical optimization algorithms then refined these datasets to compute the optimal mixing ratios of broadband phosphor‑converted white LEDs (400–900 nm), combined with targeted UV, visible, and NIR emitters. The finalized 13‑LED configuration achieved a Spectral Coverage (SPC) of 99.52% and a Spectral Deviation (SPD) of 17.42%, exceeding the Class A+ acceptance criteria while employing a minimal component count. Although minor uncertainties may originate from the digitization process, such as image resolution and axis calibration, these can be effectively mitigated by integrating direct numerical spectra supplied by manufacturers. This approach establishes an efficient, high‑accuracy framework for LSS spectral design. Future work will advance to hardware prototyping and empirical validation of the simulator’s irradiance spectrum under real‑world operating conditions, fully compliant with IEC 60904‑9:2020.
Predictive accuracy and characterisation of bio-oil yield from pyrolysis of Cocos nucifera: A comparison of traditional RSM and hybrid models Onokwai, Anthony O; Akuru, Udochukwu B.; Desai, Dawood A.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 6 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61190

Abstract

The pressing demand for renewable energy has made biomass a quintessential alternative to fossil fuels. This study aims to develop and compare predictive models for optimising bio-oil yield from the intermediate pyrolysis of Cocos nucifera, utilising response surface methodology with the central composite design and hybrid models (PSO-ANFIS and GA-ANFIS). It seeks to characterize the bio-oil yield to investigate its quality for use as a biofuel. An experimental run was performed by varying pyrolysis operating parameters, namely, temperature (300–700°C), heating rate (6–30°C/min), residence time (5–25 minutes), particle size (0.5–4.5 mm), and nitrogen flow rate (10–50 mL/min).  Hybrid models (PSO-ANFIS and AN-FIS-GA) were used to predict the bio-oil yield to identify the most robust model. An optimum bio-oil yield (52.17 wt.%) was attained at a temperature, heating rate, residence time, particle size, and nitrogen flow rate of 510.2°C, 10.5°C/min, 5.2 minutes, 0.3 mm, and 17.3 mL/min, respectively.  The study shows that its hybrid models are scalable and outperform traditional techniques (RSM) in terms of predictive accuracy and computational efficiency. The GC-MS analysis identified over 200 compounds in bio-oil, comprising mainly phenols, esters, and oleic acids, which confirmed its suitability for producing biofuels, lubricants, and pharmaceuticals. Also, FTIR analysis confirms functional groups of biodiesel, adhesives, and resins. The PSO-ANFIS and GA-ANFIS models accurately predict the bio-oil yield, with the PSO-ANFIS model outperforming the other models with an R² of 0.994 and RMSE of 0.449 during the test phase, representing a two- to three-fold improvement over traditional RSM. Unlike conventional empirical models, the hybrid approach improves predictive accuracy and reduces the number of required experiments and computational errors, enabling real-time adjustments to the pyrolysis process, thereby advancing pyrolysis research and bio-oil optimization. This research is highly relevant for improving waste-to-energy production in regions where Cocos nucifera residues remain abundant, especially in emerging economies.
Techno-economic assessment and strategic proposal for designing and optimizing the required powered battery for an electric motorcycle under varying driving cycle tests Do, Tan-Thich; Dinh, Tan-Ngoc; Ly, Vinh-Dat
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 6 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61561

Abstract

Recently, many countries have committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, making the adoption of electric motorcycles increasingly significant. The expansion of electric motorcycles has gained popularity due to their affordability, ease of use, and environmental benefits. In the design of electric motorcycles, optimizing energy efficiency and economic viability both technologically and economically is a key consideration. This study focuses on developing a mathematical model and strategic proposal with the step-by-step calculation for determining the required power battery for electric motorcycles under various driving cycle tests, implemented using Matlab software. The results analyze and discuss the effects of operating conditions on the electric motorcycle’s dynamic performance, average energy consumption, and battery cell and pack characteristics. Ultimately, the battery pack optimization strategy was proposed and conducted using the Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach. As a result, the Toshiba battery trademark was identified as the optimal choice for the required power battery in the electric motorcycle, considering both technological effectiveness and economic factors. The Toshiba battery pack has a capacity of 39 Ah, 17 cells, a mass of 13.94 kg, and a cost of $459, respectively. After designing and optimizing the required battery pack for the electric motorcycle, the model was validated to ensure that the pack’s energy exceeds the average energy consumption under varying driving cycle tests. Therefore, the model demonstrates high reliability. This study provides valuable insights into designing and evaluating the dynamic performance and battery pack characteristics of electric motorcycles.
Experimental investigation of inter-electrode distance and design in Cymbopogon citratus plant microbial fuel cells for sustainable energy production Attah, N'Gissa; Kongnine, Damgou Mani; Kpelou, Pali; Mouzou, Essowè
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 6 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61269

Abstract

Plant Microbial Fuel Cells (PMFCs) are bioelectrochemical systems that harness plant rhizodeposition to generate electricity. This technology enables electrical energy to be produced while the plant grows. However, the major problem preventing the commercialization of these cells is their low power. In the present study, a systematic investigation was conducted to ascertain the optimal configuration of these cells, with the objective of determining the optimum inter-electrode distance. In the present stidy, the lemongrass  plant (Cymbopogon citratus) was used as the main substrate source, plastic pots and graphite electrodes, while examining three single pair of electrodes configurations (PMFC-A, PMFC-B, PMFC-C), along with a unique configuration with three unaligned cathodes (PMFC-D) and three inter-electrode distances (5cm, 7.5cm and 12.5cm) were examined. The experiment focused on determining electrical parameters, plant mass growth rates and soil characteristics. These variables were measured before and after the experiment. The results indicated that the plant mass growth rate of PMFC-D exhibited the greatest magnitude (80.62%). The organic matter (OM) content in the soil exhibited an increase in each PMFC over the course of the experiment. PMFC-B exhibited the highest values of OM, electrical conductivity, and water content, respectively equal to 15.69%, 376.00µS/cm, and 15.46%. Conversely, it exhibited the lowest pH value (7.37). Electrical parameter measurements have demonstrated that PMFCs with a single pair of electrodes exhibit superior performance in comparison to those with three unaligned cathodes. Similarly, these measurements indicated that for the single pair electrode configuration, an inter-electrode distance of 7.5cm was optimal, yielding a maximum power density of 127mW/m².  The determination of the average internal resistance, open circuit voltage, and power density (PD), along with their standard deviations, demonstrated that PMFC-B exhibited superior performance. Furthermore, an analysis of its autonomy revealed that the PDmin it delivers, even in the absence of sunlight, is 16.90 mW/m². From these results, PMFC-B is the best configuration for lemongrass PMFC.

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