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Contact Name
H Hadiyanto
Contact Email
hadiyanto@che.undip.ac.id
Phone
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ijred@live.undip.ac.id
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CBIORE office, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH-Tembalang Semarang
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Kota semarang,
Jawa tengah
INDONESIA
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
ISSN : 22524940     EISSN : 27164519     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.xxx.xxx
The International Journal of Renewable Energy Development - (Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.; p-ISSN: 2252-4940; e-ISSN:2716-4519) is an open access and peer-reviewed journal co-published by Center of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE) that aims to promote renewable energy researches and developments, and it provides a link between scientists, engineers, economist, societies and other practitioners. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development is currently being indexed in Scopus database and has a listing and ranking in the SJR (SCImago Journal and Country Rank), ESCI (Clarivate Analytics), CNKI Scholar as well as accredited in SINTA 1 (First grade category journal) by The Directorate General of Higher Education, The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia under a decree No 200/M/KPT/2020. The scope of journal encompasses: Photovoltaic technology, Solar thermal applications, Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind energy technology, Material science and technology, Low energy architecture, Geothermal energy, Wave and tidal energy, Hydro power, Hydrogen production technology, Energy policy, Socio-economic on energy, Energy efficiency, planning and management, Life cycle assessment. The journal also welcomes papers on other related topics provided that such topics are within the context of the broader multi-disciplinary scope of developments of renewable energy.
Articles 709 Documents
Optimised PCBM electron transport layer in inverted lead-free Cs3Bi2I9 flexible perovskite solar cells via FIRA Goje, Adamu Ahmed; Ludin, Norasikin Ahmad; Syafiq, Ubaidah; Su’ait, Mohd Sukor; Sepeai, Suhaila; Chelvanathan, Puvaneswaran; Davies, Matthew
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60629

Abstract

Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) offer significant versatility for portable and wearable technologies owing to their light weight, easy fabrication, low cost, and bendable properties. However, the commercialization of FPSCs faces challenges, particularly in terms of electron extraction efficiency and charge recombination, which impact device stability. Traditional high-temperature annealing methods are impractical for FPSCs due to their high energy consumption and environmental concerns. This study introduces a novel approach using flash infrared annealing (FIRA) to optimize a [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) electron transport layer (ETL) for lead-free cesium bismuth iodide (Cs₃Bi₂I₉) FPSC fabrication. The optimal FIRA conditions, 500 watts of power, PCBM concentration of 0.135 mol/L, and a 2-second annealing time were determined to enhance electron extraction, reduce charge recombination, and improve the overall device efficiency. Characterisation techniques, including UV-vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirmed these optimisations. The optimised device achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.08%. By optimising the PCBM ETL FIRA, the PCE of lead-free Cs₃Bi₂I₉ FPSC was enhanced from 0.10% to 1.08%, representing a good improvement, along with a significant enhancement in electron extraction. These findings highlight the potential of optimised PCBM layers to improve the performance of FPSCs and contribute to their commercial viability.
Achieving superior tartrazine-tetracycline removal and hydrogen production with WO3/g-C3N4/TiNTAs through integrated photocatalysis-electrocoagulation Husein, Saddam; Budiman, Abdul Hamid; Dewi, Eniya Listiani; Slamet, Slamet
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61167

Abstract

The study aims to evaluate the removal of tartrazine (TZ), tetracycline (TC), and a combination of both TZ+TC and hydrogen (H2) production simultaneously using WO3/g-C3N4/TiNTAs (W-CN-TiNT) nanocomposites. The processes used in this study were Electrocoagulation (EC), photocatalysis (PC), and a combination of photocatalysis-electrocoagulation (PC-EC) simultaneously. The synthesis of W-CN-TiNT nanocomposites was carried out using the in-situ Anodization (IA) method, which was then tested for its performance in the PC and PC-EC processes. The nanomaterials were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction (HRTEM-SAED), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photocurrent measurements. In the PC process, liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and gas chromatography (GC) were used to assess the efficiency of pollutant removal and H2 production. The results show that TZ is removed more easily than TC during the PC process, and the pollutant removal rate is correlated with H2 production. This observation also applies to the EC process and the PC-EC. The PC-EC process is superior to the single process of removing the TZ+TC pollutants. The proposed approach has proven to be effective for TZ+TC removal and in enhancing H2 production. The use of W-CN-TiNT nanocomposite as a photocatalyst is revolutionary. It significantly improves the process efficiency. This research provides a sustainable alternative solution that is environmentally friendly and can be applied for the treatment of pharmaceutical industrial wastewater containing complex organic compounds.
An electro-thermal modeling of distribution transformer for hottest spot evaluation under photovoltaic-induced harmonics Mohd Wazir, Muhammad Haziq; Mat Said, Dalila; Md Sapari, Norazliani; Mohamed Yunus, Mohamed Shahriman; Mohd Yassin, Zaris Izzati
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60959

Abstract

Elevated winding insulation temperature, driven by harmonic distortions, is a key factor in transformer lifespan reduction. Conventional models often oversimplify the effect of combined current and voltage harmonics. This paper proposes an electro-thermal modeling approach, incorporating dual heat sources from core and winding domains, to enhance HST estimation in distribution transformers affected by photovoltaic-induced (PV)-induced harmonic losses. A sophisticated numerical approach, Finite Element Analysis (FEA), is employed using COMSOL Multiphysics software, with a 250-minute time-dependent study assessing thermal effects. The results, verified against a mathematical model approach based on IEEE C57.110-2018 guidance, demonstrate that higher levels of harmonics lead to a rapid increase in HST, accelerating the time to reach the aging factor temperature and consequently diminishing the transformer’s operational lifespan. Specifically, the per-unit life of the transformer decreases from 0.219 in Case 1 to 0.154 in Case 2 and 0.027 in Case 3, while the aging acceleration factor increases from 4.310 to 5.683 and 21.7, respectively. The methods showed over 95% alignment with the mathematical modeling approach, confirming the model’s precision in its predictive capability. The novelty of this study lies in its enhanced electro-thermal framework, which overcomes the limitations of conventional methods by integrating dual heat sources and providing a refined assessment of transformer aging under harmonic distortions. This advancement offers a more precise and computationally efficient approach for assessing transformer thermal stress under harmonic distortions.
Synergistic co-pyrolysis of Gracilaria waste and waste tires: Enhancing bio-oil quality through thermal and chemical bond optimization Masfuri, Imron; Mohamad, Shaza Eva; Sugeng, Dhani Avianto; Amdrullah, Apip; Yahya, Wira Jazair
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61202

Abstract

The increasing demand for renewable energy and sustainable waste management has prompted research into innovative conversion technologies. This study explored the co-pyrolysis of Gracilaria waste (GW) and waste tires (WT) as a potential approach to improving bio-oil quality by enhancing its hydrocarbon content and reducing oxygenated compounds. The novelty of this study lay in providing new mechanistic insights into the co-pyrolysis process by systematically analyzing the thermal degradation behavior and chemical bond evolution of GW-WT mixtures using a combination of TGA, FTIR, and GC-MS techniques. This detailed chemical transformation analysis differentiated the study from prior research that primarily focused on product yields. The study analyzed the thermal degradation behavior and chemical bond transformation of GW and WT mixtures during pyrolysis, hypothesizing that the addition of WT to GW would enhance the hydrocarbon profile and thermal stability of the resulting bio-oil. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to evaluate the decomposition behavior of five different GW-WT blend ratios under an inert atmosphere, while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrosco py (FTIR) was used to assess chemical functional group evolution in both raw materials and pyrolytic products. The results revealed that GW pyrolysis exhibited a single weight loss peak (100–350°C) with a total weight loss of 40%, while WT pyrolysis followed a two-stage decomposition process (200–500°C) with a total weight loss of 65%. The GW-WT mixture resulted in a total weight loss of approximately 60%, indicating a synergistic effect between the two feedstocks. FTIR analysis confirmed a reduction in hydroxyl (-OH) groups and an increase in hydrocarbon-related bonds (C=C, C-C, and C-H), demonstrating improved bio-oil composition. These findings suggested that incorporating waste tires into Gracilaria pyrolysis enhanced bio-oil quality and hydrocarbon content, offering a promising approach for biomass valorization and sustainable energy production. Future research should explore process optimization through catalyst integration and scale-up potential for industrial applications.
How do economic freedom, trade freedom, and digitization influence renewable energy consumption in G20 nations: What is the role of innovation? Qamruzzaman, Md
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61147

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between economic freedom, trade freedom, digitalization, and innovation on renewable energy consumption among G20 nations over the period 2000–2023. Utilizing a robust empirical framework—including Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (DCCE), Instrumental Variable-adjusted DCCE (DCCE-IV), and Dynamic Seemingly Unrelated Regression (DSUR)—the analysis reveals nuanced insights into how these economic and technological dimensions shape the transition toward sustainable energy systems. Results demonstrate that a 10% rise in economic freedom correlates with a 1.112%–1.688% increase in renewable energy consumption, while trade freedom yields a positive impact ranging from 0.904% to 1.182%. Technological innovation contributes between 0.915% and 1.571%, and environmental innovation exerts an even stronger effect, ranging from 1.273% to 1.616%. Interestingly, despite the energy intensity associated with digital technologies, digitalization also supports renewable energy adoption, showing a positive influence between 1.013% and 1.526%. These findings underscore innovation's pivotal role in mediating the effects of economic policy and digital transformation on renewable energy usage. The study advocates for integrated policy approaches that simultaneously promote market liberalization, digital infrastructure, and innovation investment. This would accelerate the transition to renewable energy and help G20 nations meet Sustainable Development Goal 7 (affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all). The results emphasize the need for synergistic strategies that connect economic openness, technological advancement, and environmental priorities, offering a roadmap for policymakers seeking to enhance clean energy deployment in large, high-impact economies.
Exploring the link between CO2 emissions, economic growth, urbanization and transportation infrastructure in China: Evidence from the ARDL model Cao, Huashen
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61247

Abstract

As the challenge of global climate change becomes increasingly severe, carbon emissions have become a key constraint on sustainable development. This study aims to explore the impact of economic growth, urbanization, and transportation infrastructure on carbon emissions in China. Using time-series data from 1977 to 2022, the study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze the short-term and long-term dynamic relationships between these variables, and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to assess the causal relationships. The ARDL regression results show that, in the short run, economic growth has an immediate significant positive effect on carbon emissions, while urbanization exhibits mixed lagged effects—initially increasing and later reducing emissions. Transportation infrastructure has no immediate impact but shows a significant emission-reducing effect through its lagged terms. In the long run, economic growth exhibits an insignificant negative impact on emissions, urbanization has an insignificant positive effect, and the expansion of transportation infrastructure is positively associated with increased carbon emissions. Granger causality analysis reveals that carbon emissions and urbanization exhibit a bidirectional causal relationship in the short run. In the long run, carbon emissions are mutually causal with economic growth, and are also unidirectionally influenced by transportation infrastructure. This study emphasizes the importance of developing an integrated policy framework to balance economic growth, urbanization, and transportation infrastructure with environmental sustainability.
One pot microwave-assisted synthesis of 2,5-dimethylfuran from bamboo hydrolysate in presence of green solvent and low-cost metal catalyst Lim, Huei Yeong; Rashidi, Nor Adilla; Yusup, Suzana
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61082

Abstract

This study looked at the one-pot synthesis of 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) from glucose-rich bamboo hydrolysate using microwave heating technology in presence of green solvent, Low Transition Temperature Mixture (LTTM), and activated carbon-supported copper catalyst (Cu/AC). While DMF is mainly synthesized by using commercial glucose, the biomass with high cellulose content can also be used. Besides, the conventional synthesis that commonly employs organic solvents and noble metal catalysts has great toxicological and financial barriers. Thus, alternative cheaper and greener solvents and catalysts are needed, such as LTTM and carbon-supported copper. The bamboo hydrolysate was produced via acid hydrolysis with 0.5M sulphuric acid (H2SO4). LTTM was synthesized using choline chloride (ChCl) and malic acid, which were proven to be effective in DMF production in presence of H2SO4. Reaction time, catalyst loading, and LTTM ratio were studied via response surface methodology with DMF yield as the response. Temperature was set at 120 °C in accordance with previous study. The LTTM was found to experience minimal mass loss at this reaction temperature. The Cu/AC catalyst was found to carry mostly reduced copper oxide (CuO) particles, with slight CuO residues, indicating successful synthesis of the catalyst. A quadratic regression model has been developed with R2=0.9481, with expected optimal condition at 1 min reaction time, 1% catalyst loading, and 4:1 LTTM ratio, with expected DMF yield of 25.61 mol% (13.67 mass percent). Experimental validation yielded 21.28 ± 0.77 mol% (11.36 mass percent), indicating that this regression model was accurate. Overall, this study shown that the LTTM and Cu/AC are capable of producing DMF from biomass in one-pot manner.
A new energy frequency adjustment model based on adaptive power control optimization algorithm for photovoltaic power generation systems Zhou, Han; Zhang, Congtong; Yang, Haoqin
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 5 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61125

Abstract

With the low-carbon transformation of the global energy structure, photovoltaic power generation, as one of the renewable energy sources, continues to expand its installed capacity and grid connection scale. However, traditional photovoltaic power generation systems mainly use constant power output algorithms, which make it difficult to effectively handle complex situations such as sudden load changes or power shortages during dynamic adjustment, and can easily cause frequency exceeding standards or even system instability. Therefore, this paper proposes a new energy frequency adjustment model based on Newton's quadratic interpolation method. Firstly, this study constructs a new energy frequency regulation model for the adaptive power control optimization algorithm of photovoltaic power generation systems and then conducts a detailed analysis of the model. The results showed that when load 2 was cut off, the highest frequency of the research model could reach 52.50 Hz, while the highest frequency value of the traditional frequency regulation model was only 48.46 Hz. This indicated that the research model had better frequency regulation performance when dealing with large load fluctuations. In the photovoltaic power generation system, when there was a power deficit, the output power of the new energy frequency regulation model based on the adaptive power control optimization algorithm was reduced by 0.032 MW. The output power of the traditional rated regulation model was reduced by 0.029 MW. Overall, the frequency regulation performance and stability of the system were improved. It is of great significance to solve the challenges faced by photovoltaic power generation systems.
Electrical performance for in-situ doping of phosphorous in silver paste screen-printed contact on p-type silicon solar cell Mohd Sinin, Nurul Aqidah; Mohd Rais, Ahmad Rujhan; Mohd Ahir, Zon Fazlila; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman; Ibrahim, Mohd Adib
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.60822

Abstract

This study addresses the challenge of enhancing the efficiency of silicon solar cells by investigating the electrical performance of phosphorus-doped silver (Ag-P) pastes used in screen-printed contacts on p-type silicon wafers. Conventional silver (Ag) pastes serve as conductive contacts but lack the ability to simultaneously doped the emitter region, leading to complex fabrication processes and limiting cell efficiency. To overcome this, we explore an in-situ approach using Ag-based paste and phosphoric acid (H3PO4), which combines emitter doping and contact formation, thereby simplifying fabrication while enhancing performance. In this study, both un-doped and phosphorus-doped Ag pastes were screen-printed onto planar, textured, and silicon dioxide-passivated silicon wafers, followed by annealing at 900°C by using a round quartz tube furnace with 45s in and 45s out with a holding time of the 40s. Electrical performance was measured through light-current-voltage (LIV) and quantum efficiency analyses. According to the short circuit current density (JSC) for only Ag-based paste screen-printed on only one-sided (A) and both-sided (B) indicates a higher JSC value of 9.63 mA/cm2 for A meanwhile, sample B gains 7.54 mA/cm2. For comparison, the JSC values for screen-printed Ag-P on only one side (A) and both sides (B) are 10.4 mA/cm² and 10.4 mA/cm², respectively. Thus, the overall efficiency of Ag-P screen-printed on a one-sided Si wafer was 1.65% higher than that of the rest of the samples. However, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) for Ag-P screen-printed on Si wafer display higher percentages between 80-83% and 63-73% at a wavelength range of 650 to 900 nm than the rest of the samples. The QE measurements reveal that Ag-P paste effectively mitigates surface recombination losses, resulting in higher efficiency and improved charge carrier collection. These findings indicate that Ag-P paste offers a viable alternative to conventional screen-printed contacts by enhancing both device performance and electrical efficiency through integrated doping and contact formation. This work suggests that Ag-P paste could play a vital role in advancing high-performance silicon solar cell technologies.
A scoping review of numerical modelling studies of geothermal reservoirs: Trends and opportunities post-COP25 Llanos, Ella Maria; Blessent, Daniela
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61071

Abstract

At the 28th Conference of Parties (COP28) a commitment to triple renewable energy capacity by 2030 was made. Currently at 16 GW, geothermal accounts for 0.5% of world-wide installed renewable electricity capacity. In this scoping review, Elsevier’s database was used to determine the role reservoir simulation has played and could continue to play in assisting the geothermal industry in achieving COP28's goal. The review includes journal papers published in English from 2020 to 2023. Particular attention was paid to the applications of TOUGH2 and COMSOL, the benefits of Machine Learning (ML) and recent projects that could assist in promoting the geothermal industry. The topics' categories comprised: Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), hydrothermal, laboratory, and technology synergies. Outcomes of a bibliometric analysis elucidate these trends: ML is vital to ensuring the optimisation of geothermal resources; EGS and cross-industry projects are showing growing global interest. The likelihood of meeting the COP28 target for geothermal would be enhanced with increased participation from the South American and African countries. However, the industry’s growth in these continents is restricted by high initial investment costs, technical complexities, unclear regulatory frameworks, social acceptance, and difficulties with electrical grid integration. Suggestions for overcoming these barriers to development are proposed. A brief country case study is also presented. It focuses on the economic, environmental and technical context to understand the unique challenges and opportunities for geothermal. Finally, five areas for research and development opportunities were identified: Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical processes, reinjection and induced seismicity, reservoir characterization, cross-industry collaborations, and laboratory studies.

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