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International Journal Multidisciplinary
Published by Antis Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30319870     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61796/ijmi.v1i2.49
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education, Social,
Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Physics
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) (ISSN 3031-9870) is a distinguished, double-blind, peer-reviewed publication that operates on a 4 (Four) issues per year. Dedicated to advancing the frontiers of knowledge, this esteemed international journal serves as a vital platform for academics, researchers, and educators to share their profound insights and expertise with a global audience. With an unwavering commitment to excellence, IJMI publishes cutting-edge research that delves deep into multifaceted topics, enriching the scholarly landscape. Emphasizing the significance of rigorous evaluation, the journal boasts a swift and meticulous peer review process, ensuring the dissemination of high-quality and well-vetted contributions to the academic community worldwide.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 158 Documents
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ADDITION OF A STATIC MIXER AS A MODIFICATION TO THE CHEMICAL REACTANT FEED PRETREATMENT FOR REDUCING MONOGLYCERIDE CONTENT Sinaga, Boy; Frandika Darma; Rahmadhani; Saragih, Febri Tuahman; Sofia; Wahyuningtyas, Lala T.
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.485

Abstract

Objective: Biodiesel is a sustainable alternative energy that is continuously being developed. Monoglycerides are a contaminant component in biodiesel, causing blockages and abrasiveness in fuel injection. Reducing the monoglyceride component can be achieved using several technologies, one of which is the use of a static mixer to mix methanol (CH3OH) and sodium methoxide (CH3ONa) before being fed into the reactor to optimize the transesterification reaction. Method: This study first simulated the flow velocity profile and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) in a pipe without a static mixer and a pipe with a static mixer using ANSYS Fluent 2025R1 software. The study consisted of 14 runs, 7 of which were performed without a static mixer and 7 with a static mixer. The production of each run was then analyzed for glyceride components using gas chromatography. Results: The maximum velocity in the pipe without a static mixer is 0.584 m/s and using a static mixer is 1.146 m/s, increasing by 96,2%. The turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) value in the pipe without a static mixer is 0.00235 m2/s2 and using a static mixer is 0.0282 m2/s2, indicating the presence of turbulent flow along the static mixer. The average percentage of monoglyceride components in the treatment without a static mixer is 0.4828% and with a static mixer is 0.4593%. Novelty: This research has never been conducted on a factory scale with a continuous production process so that it will help improve the quality of biodiesel, especially in reducing the monoglyceride component.
COMPUTATIONAL DFT ANALYSIS OF MONOCARBONYL CURCUMIN AND PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES: MOLECULAR GEOMETRY, ELECTROSTATIC SURFACE POTENTIAL, ELECTRONIC TRANSITION SPECTRA, AND MULLIKEN CHARGES Hayder S. Mahdi; Tahseen A. Alsalim
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.486

Abstract

Objective: Monocarbonyl curcumin (MCC) analogues and those of pyrazole derivatives were investigated in their structural and electronic features. Method: Applying the Density Functional Theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) level, it is examined molecular geometry, electrostatic surface potential (ESP), frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), and Mulliken charges. Results: Results show that although MCC compounds have a near-planar structure, the pyrazole derivatives develop non-planar geometries. Electronic absorption spectra, based on TD-DFT, display prominent transitions in UV-visible areas, where compound BPY yielded the lowest transition energy gap (2.8774 eV) and maximum absorption wavelength ($\lambda_{max}$ = 430.89 nm). Novelty: The results imply the effect of the formation of pyrazole rings on electronic delocalization and charge transfer characteristic and provide knowledge for designing more stable and biologically active curcumin-based heterocyclic systems.
FACTORS INFLUENCING URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS PRACTICES AMONG MALE AND FEMALE PATIENTS IN WASIT HOSPITALS, IRAQ Rasool J. Saad; Wasen A. Farid; Abeer Al-Sawafi
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i3.491

Abstract

Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain a significant global health challenge, requiring a deep understanding of preventive practices for patients to reduce recurrence. The study aimed to identify the key socio-demographics and the factors influencing practices related to UTIs among patients in Wasit hospitals, Iraq. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study with 350 participants using non-random, convenience sampling. It was carried out at Al-Zahraa and Al-Karama Teaching Hospitals in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. Practice levels were categorized based on scores: Poor (<50%), Fair (50%–75%), and Good (≥75%). Results: A total of 350 patients, the sex ratio is 66.9% female to 33.1% male. Although this study discovered that 56.0% of patients have a good practice score for UTIs, a large proportion of patients (57.1%) have a history of recurrent infections. This study found a statistically significant correlation between practice scores with sex, educational level, employment status, and socioeconomic status (SES) at P < 0.001. Novelty: In this study, more than half of the patients avoid taking antibiotics directly without a prescription. This study clarifies that male sex, high education, high professional occupation, and high SES have good assessment scores for practices about UTI. Also, it clarifies that men have better prevention practices than women.
Withdrawal Notice
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

WITHDRAWAL NOTICE: This article has been withdrawnfrom publication to allow the author(s) to makecomprehensive improvements and refinements to themanuscript. This is intended to ensure the accuracy of thedata before it can be used for further reference.
AESTHETICS AND ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DEW MORPHOLOGY AND WIND INTERACTION IN THE WILD Sofyang Daeng Kelana; Gatot Ciptadi; Aulanni’am; Bagyo Yanuwiadi; Pattasang
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.495

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation between the morphological characteristics of dewdrops—specifically their shape, spatial distribution, and optical properties—and prevailing meteorological conditions to establish a basis for natural weather prediction. Method: The methodology involves the systematic observation of dew formation on various foliar surfaces, such as grass tips and leaf blades, while monitoring variables including wind velocity, solar intensity, and cloud cover. Results: The findings indicate that high wind speeds cause dewdrops to adopt a predominantly pointed morphology, oriented toward the wind direction at the leaf apex. Conversely, the anticipation of a high-temperature day is signaled by perfectly spherical dewdrops exhibiting a brilliant light mirage effect, complemented by the presence of "sand dew" and micro-dewdrops adhering neatly to the leaf margins. Under overcast and windy conditions, however, dew accumulation is minimal, appearing blurred and localized primarily on the leaf edges with diminished optical clarity. Novelty: The novelty of this approach lies in the integration of micro-geometry and optical refraction patterns as biological proxies for atmospheric transitions, offering a unique method for local weather forecasting through the lens of botanical fluid dynamics.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF REFLECTIVE ROOF COATINGS FOR REDUCING COOLING LOADS IN HOT–ARID CLIMATES: A TRANSIENT HEAT–BALANCE STUDY FOR BAGHDAD, IRAQ Ehab Alaa Farhan; Hassanin Abd Ali Alfatlawy; Ali. K. Jasim
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.496

Abstract

Objective: This study presents a model-based comparative assessment of five roof surface finishes—Standard Dark, White Reflective, Aluminum Metallic, Thermochromic, and Retro-Reflective—with respect to their ability to reduce cooling loads in buildings located in hot–arid climates. Method: A transient heat–balance model for a flat commercial roof is implemented in Python and driven by Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data for Baghdad International Airport, Iraq. The model resolves hourly exterior surface temperatures using a nonlinear energy balance that accounts for absorbed solar radiation, wind-dependent convection, longwave exchange with the sky, and conduction into the conditioned interior. Results: For a 100 m² roof on a single-story commercial building maintained at 24 °C, the simulated annual roof-related conductive cooling load with a Standard Dark roof is 6268.2 kWh. Replacing this surface with a White Reflective coating reduces the annual roof-related conductive cooling load to 2888.7 kWh (53.9% savings for this specific roof and climate, near the upper end of ranges reported in the literature for reflective coatings in cooling-dominated regions). Assuming a typical cooling system coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.0, the corresponding electrical energy savings are approximately one-third of the thermal load reductions. Retro-Reflective and Thermochromic coatings yield annual roof-related conductive cooling loads of 3075.7 kWh (50.9% savings) and 3560.5 kWh (43.2% savings), respectively, while an Aluminum Metallic finish achieves 4562.8 kWh (27.2% savings). An economic evaluation incorporating a cooling system COP of 3.0 indicates that White Reflective coatings offer the shortest payback period (5.33 years) and the highest 10-year discounted net savings (134.7 USD) under current Iraqi electricity tariffs, followed by Aluminum Metallic, while Retro-Reflective and Thermochromic coatings show longer payback periods and negative net savings under the assumed conditions due to their higher initial costs relative to the electrical energy savings. Novelty: Advanced coating behaviors are represented through a temperature-dependent thermochromic reflectance function and a high-reflectance retro-reflective surface. A two-parameter sensitivity analysis demonstrates that both solar reflectance and thermal emittance exert strong, coupled influences on cooling load, with the lowest loads occurring for simultaneously high.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF ADATOM-ADATOM INTERACTION EFFECTS ON SURFACE DIFFUSION DYNAMICS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS Rehab N. Hasnawi; Fatima H. Saeed
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i2.497

Abstract

Objective: Adatom dynamics on the surfaces of two-dimensional (2D) materials is important for catalysis, nanoscale depositions, and electronic or optoelectronic applications. In this paper, we present a numerical treatment of the two-dimensional nonlinear diffusion equation dependent on the coverage function (q) subject to Neumann boundary. Method: The adopted solution strategy is a hybrid of three techniques. The implicit Euler method is first used to discretize the time derivative leading to a second - order nonlinear partial variables. Secondly, the two dimensional is completely discretized by using second-order central difference approximations in time-finite different method giving non-linear algebraic equation. At last, an approximate solution are obtained iteratively by using Newton method. Results:We show that adatom- adatom interactions are essential for governing surface diffusion behavior on two-dimensional, thus providing guidance for nanomaterial design and potentially nanoelectronic device engineering. Novelty: The adopted solution strategy is a hybrid of three techniques.
THE ROLE OF LOCAL INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIAL CAPITAL IN STRENGTHENING COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE OF TLOCOR MARINE TOURISM, INDONESIA Hendra Sukmana; Agus Subianto; Viv Djanat Prasita; Sri Umiyati
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i3.501

Abstract

Objective: This study examines the role of local institutions and social capital in sustaining collaborative governance in Tlocor Marine Tourism, a community-based coastal tourism destination in Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia. Method: A qualitative case study approach was employed through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. Data were analyzed using the Collaborative Governance Regime (CGR) framework of Emerson, Nabatchi, and Balogh, focusing on principled engagement, shared motivation, and capacity for joint action. Results: The findings show that collaborative governance in Tlocor is supported by active stakeholder engagement involving village government, BUMDes, Pokdarwis, local communities, government agencies, universities, and other actors. Principled engagement is facilitated through formal and informal communication that promotes dialogue, consensus-building, and collective problem-solving. Shared motivation is strengthened by social capital, particularly trust, mutual cooperation (gotong royong), collective ownership, and social solidarity, which encourage community participation in tourism governance. Capacity for joint action is supported by the complementary roles of BUMDes Mitra Abadi and Pokdarwis in providing leadership, coordination, resource mobilization, and operational support. Novelty: The study concludes that sustainable coastal tourism governance depends not only on formal institutional arrangements but also on the integration of local institutions and community-based social capital. Strengthening trust-based relationships and local institutions is therefore essential for sustaining collaborative governance and tourism development.
CYBER SECURITY MACHINE LEARNING MODEL ASSESSMENT: PERSPECTIVES FROM THE UNSW-NB15 DATASET Hazem Salim Abdullah; Harith Abdulghani Ibrahim; Mohamed Waleed Jehad; Ahmed khaldoon abdulateef; Muhammed Saleh
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i3.507

Abstract

Objective: Detection of cyberattacks still remains as one if the challenges. Method: The paper compares the performance of five machine learning classifiers namely Decision Tree (DT), XGBoost (XGB), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), Random Forest (RF) and Logistic Regression (LR)) with respect to classifying network traffic as normal or malicious. It leverages the UNSW-NB15 dataset, which incorporates a wide variety of modern attack types and employs extensive data preprocessing, feature evaluation, and data discussion stratified splitting to ensure robust results. Results: The results show that the top performing model, XGBoost, has an accuracy of 93.62 % and AUC at 0.99 which means A great performance. Random forest and decision tree follow with accuracies of 93.60% and 92.93%, although less cumbersome fashions such as logistic regression and Gaussian Nav Bayes appear less accurate due to their limitations in dealing with complex communities in non-subnetworks traffic structure for real-time records tested. Novelty: This underlines the promise of advanced machine expertise, especially ensemble and tree-based perfection strategies, to improve automated cyber risk detection. Future efforts will focus on feature optimization and exploring streaming data.
SPECTRAL STABILITY OF DYNAMIC WEIGHTED HYPERGRAPHS UNDER NONLINEAR EDGE PERTURBATIONS Basma Abdhadi Ibrahim
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v3i3.509

Abstract

Objective: Traditional graph models are inherently limited to pairwise dyadic relationships, rendering them insufficient for capturing the complex, higher-order group interactions pervasive in modern network systems. Method: In this paper, we establish a rigorous mathematical framework to analytically bound and evaluate the spectral stability of the hypergraph Laplacian under nonlinear edge dynamics. Diverging from conventional linear matrix approximations, we leverage multilinear algebra to model the dynamic network as a time-evolving tensor field. We present a generalized, higher-order multilinear extension of Weyl’s inequality, proving that the shift in the Z-eigenvalue spectrum is rigorously bounded by the fractional (m-1)-th root of the perturbation tensor's spectral norm. Results: This theoretical breakthrough mathematically formalizes the inherent "structural dampening" phenomenon in higher-order networks. Extensive empirical simulations on large-scale benchmarks (Cora, DBLP) demonstrate that our proposed multilinear safety radius reduces approximation errors by up to 34% compared to baseline linear methodologies. Ultimately, this framework provides robust, deterministic safety guarantees, significantly enhancing the operational reliability and resilience of hypergraph neural networks (HGNNs) in highly volatile, nonlinear environments. Novelty: While dynamic weighted hypergraphs resolve this topological limitation, their spectral properties which govern macroscopic system stability, algorithmic convergence, and synchronization exhibit profound sensitivity to non-convex, state-dependent perturbations. We present a generalized, higher-order multilinear extension of Weyl’s inequality, proving that the shift in the Z-eigenvalue spectrum is rigorously bounded by the fractional (m-1)-th root of the perturbation tensor's spectral norm.

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