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Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Published by Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society
ISSN : -     EISSN : 19782993     DOI : https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, a reputable international journal, provides a forum for publishing the novel technologies related to the catalyst, catalysis, chemical reactor, kinetics, and chemical reaction engineering. Scientific articles dealing with the following topics in chemical reaction engineering, catalysis science, and engineering, catalyst preparation method and characterization, novel innovation of chemical reactor, kinetic studies, etc. are particularly welcome. However, articles concerned on the general chemical engineering process are not covered and out of the scope of this journal. This journal encompasses Original Research Articles, Review Articles (only selected/invited authors), and Short Communications, including: fundamentals of catalyst and catalysis; materials and nano-materials for catalyst; chemistry of catalyst and catalysis; surface chemistry of catalyst; applied catalysis; applied bio-catalysis; applied chemical reaction engineering; catalyst regeneration; catalyst deactivation; photocatalyst and photocatalysis; electrocatalysis for fuel cell application; applied bio-reactor; membrane bioreactor; fundamentals of chemical reaction engineering; kinetics studies of chemical reaction engineering; chemical reactor design (not process parameter optimization); enzymatic catalytic reaction (not process parameter optimization); kinetic studies of enzymatic reaction (not process parameter optimization); the industrial practice of catalyst; the industrial practice of chemical reactor engineering; application of plasma technology in catalysis and chemical reactor; and advanced technology for chemical reactors design. However, articles concerned about the "General Chemical Engineering Process" are not covered and out of the scope of this journal.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Katalisis
Articles 838 Documents
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Efficient Adsorption of Tetracycline from Aqueous Solution onto Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Isotherm, Kinetic, Regeneration and Thermodynamic Studies Abd Almajeed, Zahraa A.; Mohammed, Ahmed A.
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20555

Abstract

The extracts of the bio-wastes produce from agricultural wastes and plants have been used for the sustainability, eco-friendly and economic synthesis of different metallic nanoparticles. The present study has proposed synthesizing zinc oxide particles (ZnO) by a green chemistry route using waste tea leaves extract to sequestrate tetracycline antibiotic (TEC) from wastewater. The prepared ZnO NPs were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transfrom InfraRed (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, and through the determination of pHpzc.  The surface of the ZnO exhibits a highly heterogeneous texture with irregular, aggregated particles and rough surfaces with a BET surface area of 41.7 m²/g. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted, and the results showed that the prepared ZnO NPs could effectively adsorb > 95% of TEC from wastewater at the optimal conditions (pH of 5.5, shaking speed 200 rpm, adsorbent dosage 400 mg/100 ml, temperature 298 K, and 100 ppm initial TEC concentration at 120 min contact time). The kinetics of the adsorption describes well by Pseudo-second order model with a K2 value of 0.004 g/mg-min for a TEC concentration of 100 mg/L, while the mechanism was controlled by external mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion. Langmuir model fitted well the equilibrium adsorption data with a maximum adsorption capacity of 110.56 mg/g, and this provides evidence of a monolayer adsorption phenomenon. Negative ∆H° and ∆G° were indicative of an exothermic and spontaneous nature. Finally, the synthesized ZnO NPs also exhibited good regeneration potential, with only a 31% reduction in efficiency was noticed after five regeneration-adsorption cycles. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Eco-Friendly Synthesis of ZnO/CQD Photocatalysts from Waste Milk for Myclobutanil Degradation under Visible Light Widiyandari, Hendri; Prilita, Orien; Parasdila, Hanaiyah; Suryana, Risa; Arutanti, Osi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20532

Abstract

Pesticides play a vital role in maintaining the global food supply amid rising agricultural demand and the adverse effects of climate change on crop productivity. Among them, myclobutanil, a triazole-based compound, is commonly used to safeguard plants against fungal diseases. The chemical compounds produced from the high toxicity, mobility, and persistence of pesticides in water can have harmful environmental effects. Food/organic waste has recently gained attention for its potential use in material research, one of them is stale milk. Stale milk contains lactic acid, which can be utilized as a carbon precursor for preparing carbon quantum dot (CQD). In this study, a ZnO/CQD composite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized using CQD derived from stale milk through a green hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO/CQD in degrading the pesticide myclobutanil was confirmed after 120 min, achieving a degradation efficiency of 30% while ZnO only 18% under visible light, demonstrating its potential as an excellent photocatalyst candidate for the removal of organic pollutants. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Effect of Equimolar Sodium Borohydride-Ferric Chloride Concentrations on Nano Zero-Valent Iron/Palm Shell Composites for Simultaneous Nanogold Recovery and Hydrogen Generation Nordin, Puteri Nur Syakinah; Helmy, Aina Syamimi Noor; Derek, Chan Juinn Chieh; Rajuli, Mohd Fariz; Chang, Siu Hua
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20636

Abstract

Gold-containing waste solutions represent both an environmental liability and a valuable secondary resource, yet few existing technologies integrate nanogold recovery with sustainable hydrogen generation from these streams. In this study, the effect of equimolar sodium borohydride–ferric chloride (NaBH₄–FeCl₃) concentrations on the synthesis and performance of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)/palm shell composites was systematically investigated for the simultaneous recovery of nanogold and generation of hydrogen from gold-containing aqueous solutions. The composites were synthesized at different equimolar NaBH₄–FeCl₃ concentrations (0.5–2.0 M), while maintaining a fixed overall molar ratio, with palm shell biomass employed as a support to suppress particle aggregation and preserve reactive surface area. Nanogold formation was evaluated using UV–Vis spectroscopy via localized surface plasmon resonance, while hydrogen evolution was quantified by a water-displacement method. Surface properties were characterized by BET analysis. Nanogold recovery increased progressively with increasing equimolar precursor concentration, whereas hydrogen production exhibited a non-linear dependence, reaching a maximum of 29.02 mL at 1.5 M, which also corresponded to the highest BET surface area (13.57 m²/g). Further increasing the equimolar NaBH₄–FeCl₃ concentration to 2.0 M led to surface passivation and diminished reactivity. These results demonstrate that equimolar precursor concentration plays a critical role in governing nZVI/palm shell composite structure and functionality. The optimized composite exhibits strong potential as a multifunctional material for integrated precious metal recovery and green hydrogen production, thereby contributing to sustainable circular resource utilization and clean energy technologies. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
TiO2/ZnO/CuO/HDTMA-Br Composite for Photodegradation of Oxidative Compounds of Used Cooking Oil (UCO): Photodegradation of Free Fatty Acids and Peroxides Pitaloka, Adinda; Sutriah, Komar; Mulijani, Sri; Khotib, Mohammad
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20554

Abstract

Used cooking oil (UCO) contains peroxide and FFA, which can impede UCO processing and lower the quality of downstream products. The majority of pretreatment techniques currently in use have drawbacks, such as excessive chemical use. An alternative that is more successful and efficient is photocatalysis. No research has been conducted on the photodegradation of UCO using TiO2/ZnO/CuO/HDTMA-Br composites. Precipitation was used to create the composite. The TiO2/ZnO/CuO composite has a high crystallinity, specifically 74.54% in the 1 CMC-modified catalyst, according to the characterization results. The spectrum of the synthesized TiO2/ZnO/CuO composite showed the presence of H2O and CO2 groups in addition to the primary groups of TiO2, ZnO, and CuO. Additionally, the 1 CMC modification increased pore volume and surface area. The surfactant-modified composite exhibited a more consistent morphology, as observed by SEM analysis. The best results from photocatalytic testing at different temperatures, times, and surfactant concentrations were obtained at 120 °C for an hour with a surfactant concentration of 1 CMC. These results show that degradation using TiO2/ZnO/CuO photocatalysts can lower the FFA and peroxide contents of UCO by 65% and 59%, respectively, under ideal conditions. This study focuses on FFA and peroxide value parameters as a preliminary investigation into alternative UCO pretreatment solutions. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Effect of Nickel Incorporation on Nitrogen-Doped Titania/Zirconia Nanocomposites for Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol Syoufian, Akhmad; Saviola, Aldino Javier; Janah, Reza Rodhatul; Afifah, Rina; Wijaya, Karna; Kurniawan, Rian; Sudiono, Sri; Oh, Won-Chun; Wangsa, Wangsa
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20529

Abstract

The rapid expansion of industrial activities has resulted in the discharge of persistent organic pollutants, such as phenol, into aquatic environments. Nowadays, developing visible-light-responsive photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of such pollutants remains a major environmental challenge. In this study, nickel–nitrogen co-doped titania immobilized on zirconia (Ni,N–TiO₂/ZrO₂) nanocomposites with varying nickel loadings were synthesized and evaluated for phenol photodegradation under visible-light irradiation. Nickel incorporation significantly modified the optical and photocatalytic properties of the materials. The 5% Ni,N–TiO₂/ZrO₂ catalyst exhibited the lowest band gap energy (2.69 eV) compared with N–TiO₂/ZrO₂ (3.03 eV), leading to improved visible-light absorption and enhanced charge transfer. Under the experimental conditions (initial phenol concentration = 10 mg.L⁻¹, catalyst dosage = 100 mg, irradiation time = 120 min), it achieved a phenol removal efficiency of 85.36% with an apparent rate constant of 0.0229 min⁻¹, outperforming N–TiO₂/ZrO₂ (40.72%, 0.0042 min⁻¹). These results confirm that a 5 wt% nickel loading provides the most effective modification, demonstrating a strong synergistic interaction between nickel and nitrogen that enhances photocatalytic activity. The developed Ni,N–TiO₂/ZrO₂ catalyst, therefore, holds significant promise for future applications in water purification and environmental remediation. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility and Lignin Production of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) by Green Deep Eutectic Solvent Wijaya, Candra; Pertiwi, Urania Noor Lintang; Apol, Tabina Raissa; Rohmah, Ika Putri Nikmatur; Muharja, Maktum; Widjaja, Tri; Riadi, Lieke; Widjaja, Arief
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20526

Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is an abundant lignocellulosic residue whose high lignin content restricts its bioconversion into sugars and value-added products. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), particularly choline chloride–lactic acid, offer a green and tunable platform for selective delignification and biomass fractionation. This study investigates the effects of ChCl:LA (1:2) DES pretreatment under varying temperatures (100–140 °C) and reaction times (3-6 h) on the chemical composition, structural modification, delignification kinetics, and enzymatic digestibility of OPEFB. A modified combined delignification factor (CDF) was developed to unify temperature, time, and DES acidity into a single severity descriptor. Delignification followed a biphasic pattern successfully captured by the CDF-based kinetic model (R² = 0.9961), with activation energy of 63.5 kJ.mol⁻¹. Increasing pretreatment severity enhanced hemicellulose and lignin removal (up to 95.5% and 84.4%), while cellulose remained largely preserved. SEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses confirmed progressive disruption of the lignin–carbohydrate matrix, increased cellulose exposure, and removal of amorphous domains. As a result, enzymatic hydrolysis yield improved by more than twofold relative to untreated biomass, reaching 75.5% at 140 °C for 6 h. Mass-balance evaluation demonstrated that from 100 g OPEFB, DES pretreatment yielded 21.6 g glucose and 24.7 g recoverable lignin under optimal conditions. Compared to other pretreatment strategies, the ChCl:LA DES system achieved a balanced co-production of sugars and lignin in significantly shorter processing time. Overall, this work provides mechanistic, kinetic, and mass-balance insights into DES-assisted fractionation of OPEFB and highlights its potential in integrated multiproduct biorefineries. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
3D/1D Amine Functionalized MIL-125/TiO2 NWs Metal-organic Framework Heterostructures for Solar Stimulated CO2 Reduction to Green Fuels Tai, Ji Zhang; Fan, Wei Keen; Alias, Hajar; Shamjuddin, Amnani; Mohamad Yusof, Mohamad Sukri; Mohamed, Abdul Rahman; Tahir, Muhammad
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20556

Abstract

The urgent need to mitigate atmospheric CO2 and transition toward renewable energy has spurred growing interest in photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation. In this work, we report on the fabrication of a novel 3D/1D NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 nanowire (NWs) heterostructure via a straightforward mechanical assembly method, combining the excellent visible light absorption of amino-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with the robust charge transport properties of one-dimensional TiO2 NWs. Structural and optical characterisations have confirmed on intimate interfacial contact and synergistic electronic interactions between the MOF and TiO2, forming an S-scheme heterojunction which promotes an enhanced photogenerated carrier separation. Under visible light, the optimised 5 wt% NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 NWs composite achieved methane and CO yields of 13.98 μmol/g and 84.76 μmol/g, respectively. Notably, CH4 production soared to 660.47 μmol/g under solar-simulated irradiation, representing a 47-fold enhancement. This significant performance boost is attributed to improved light harvesting, facilitated electron migration, and strengthened interfacial dynamics. This study provides a scalable and efficient strategy for designing hybrid MOF-semiconductor photocatalysts, offering a promising pathway for sustainable solar fuel generation. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Constructing the Active Sites of an Artificial Hydrolase Using Mercaptoethanol as a Destructive Agent Tai, Dar-Fu; Wang, Sue-Chen; Chen, Lisa; Angamuthu, Venkatachalam; Lin, Chung-Yin
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20617

Abstract

In the present study, (N-acryloyl-L-cysteine-benzyl amide)2 (Acryl-L-Cys-NHBn)2, N-acryloyl-L-histidine-benzyl amide (Acryl-L-His-NHBn), and N-acryloyl-aspartic acid-benzyl amide (Acryl-L-Asp-NHBn) were chemo-enzymatically synthesized from Boc-L-amino acids. Then, a mixture of these acryl amino acid monomers was copolymerized to form polymers. The resulting random polymers were then activated after a mercaptoethanol-triggered reduction of disulfide linkages to thiol. The activated polymer demonstrated substrate selectivity, turnover, and rate enhancement in catalyzing the hydrolysis of the esters of Cbz-glycine. The results demonstrated that radical polymerization can facilitate the task of preparing synthetic macromolecules capable of enzyme-like catalytic turnover, substrate selectivity, and rate enhancement. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Comparative Assessment of Empirical Coke Deposition Models during n-Butanol Dehydration over a Zeolite-Y-Based Cracking Catalyst Adhi, Tri Partono; Subagjo, Subagjo; Makertihartha, I Gusti Bagus Ngurah; Nabilah, Azizah; Aulia, Hanief; Gunawan, Melia Laniwati
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20612

Abstract

The dehydration of n-butanol to butenes over zeolite-Y is accompanied by coke formation, which progressively deactivates the catalyst and affects reaction kinetics. In this study, dehydration was performed in an isothermal fixed-bed reactor at 400–500 °C using a commercial zeolite-Y composite catalyst. Coke deposition was quantified gravimetrically, while catalyst characterization showed a Si/Al ratio of 6, surface area of 353.9 m².g⁻¹, pore diameter of 57.2 Å, and pore volume of 0.602 cm³.g⁻¹, confirming a mesoporous structure. Coke accumulation data were analyzed using the Voorhies power-law model and analytical expressions derived from the Dumez–Froment empirical model. Model parameters were estimated by fitting experimental coke content data at different temperatures. The Voorhies model showed excellent agreement with experimental data (R² = 0.96–0.98). Among the Dumez–Froment-based expressions, only the logarithmic form accurately described coke deposition, while other forms resulted in poor fits. The results indicate that coke formation is progressively inhibited by accumulated coke, likely due to pore blockage and reduced accessibility of active sites. These findings identify suitable empirical models for predicting coke deposition and catalyst deactivation during n-butanol dehydration over zeolite-Y catalysts. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Role of Synthesis Route on The Structural and Photocatalytic Activity of Magnetic TUD-1 Coated NiFe2O4 Fatimah, Is; Wijayanti, Hiroko Kawaii; Sagadevan, Suresh; Sheikh Mohd Ghazali, Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin; Oh, Won-Chun; Doong, Ruey-an
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20665

Abstract

In this research, TUD-1 coated NiFe2O4 was synthesized by comparing in-situ and post- synthesis methods, for application as photocatalyst material in dye degradation. One pot synthesis of material was conducted by mixing all chemical precursors in a homogeneous system under hydrothermal condition, followed by calcination at 500oC for 2h. For comparison purpose, two-steps synthesis procedure conducted by firstly synthesis of TUD-1 followed by its use for NiFe2O4 impregnation. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was employed as precursor for TUD-1 and NiCl2.6H2O and FeCl3.6H2O were utilized as precursors for synthesis of NiFe2O4 by co-precipitation method. The physicochemical properties of materials were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Gas Sorption Analyzer (GSA), zeta potential, Vibrating-Sample Magnetometry (VSM) and Ultraviolet-Diffuse Reflectance (UV-DRS). The photocatalytic activity examination of materials was conducted for methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) photocatalytic oxidation. The results indicated that in-situ prepared material (NFT-1) produced a higher specific surface area of 228.75 m2/g compared to post-synthesis material (NFT-2) with the value of 218.07 m2/g. The NFT-1 material exhibited band gap energy of 2.73 eV which support adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity. An excellent degradation of MB of 95.67% removal and RhB of 95.08% removal during 60 min were demonstrated by NFT-1. The materials showed magnetism to support easy in separation and reusability. Based on the reusability results, the synthesized material has maintained stability until 5th cycles. Evaluation on the effect of scavengers on the kinetics of photocatalytic degradation has been performed and the hydroxyl radicals (●OH) was proven to be the most important species for the oxidation mechanism. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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