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Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Published by Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29629241     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
The Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies is a scientific journal that examines legal and Islamic issues. The focuss Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies is to provide readers with a better understanding of Islamic Law, Civil Law and Islamic Economic Law and current developments through the publication of articles and book reviews. The Hakamain published by Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa (Makwa Foundation)
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 158 Documents
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Constitutional Court Decisions in Judicial Review of Laws Against the 1945 Constitution (2024–2025) Irmanjaya Thaher; M. Abyan Mufid; Mariani Wiwik
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v3i2.1758

Abstract

This article examines the development of constitutional adjudication in Indonesia through an analysis of the Constitutional Court’s judicial review decisions issued during the 2024–2025 period. It focuses on four significant rulings: Constitutional Court Decision No. 144/PUU-XXIII/2025 concerning the State Treasury Law, Constitutional Court Decision No. 62/PUU-XXII/2024 concerning the State Treasury Law, Constitutional Court Decision No. 105/PUU-XXII/2024 concerning the Information and Electronic Transactions Law, and Constitutional Court Decision No. 16/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning the National Capital City Law. Using a normative legal research method supported by statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, the study evaluates the legal reasoning adopted by the Court in determining the constitutionality of statutory provisions. Particular attention is given to the petitioners’ legal standing, the interpretation of constitutional norms, the substance of judicial review, and the role of majority and dissenting opinions in shaping constitutional jurisprudence. The analysis demonstrates that these decisions reflect an evolving constitutional framework in which the Constitutional Court increasingly functions as the guardian of constitutional supremacy and the protector of fundamental rights. The rulings also illustrate the Court’s effort to balance legal certainty, democratic governance, and public accountability while responding to contemporary constitutional challenges. Furthermore, dissenting opinions enrich constitutional discourse by offering alternative interpretations that may influence future judicial developments and legislative reform. Overall, the examined decisions indicate a continuing maturation of Indonesia’s constitutional system through more comprehensive constitutional reasoning, greater protection of citizens’ constitutional rights, and the reinforcement of judicial professionalism, transparency, and institutional legitimacy in exercising the power of constitutional review.
Can Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Exceed Constitutional Limits? Robert Yulion Ramualdo
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v3i2.1760

Abstract

This article aims to examine the constitutional limits governing the issuance of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law (Perppu) in Indonesia by analyzing the constitutional requirements of compelling necessity, presidential discretion, and legislative oversight within the framework of the 1945 Constitution. The study employs a normative legal research method using statutory, historical, conceptual, and case approaches. Primary legal materials include Article 22 of the 1945 Constitution, relevant legislation, Constitutional Court decisions, and historical records of Perppu issuance, complemented by secondary legal literature. The analysis covers 185 Perppu enacted from the Soekarno administration to the Joko Widodo administration, with particular emphasis on Perppu No. 1 of 2015 concerning the appointment of interim leadership of the Corruption Eradication Commission (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi—KPK) and Perppu No. 2 of 2022 on the Job Creation Law, subsequently enacted as Law No. 6 of 2023. The findings reveal that the interpretation of “compelling necessity” has gradually expanded through constitutional practice, increasing the scope of presidential discretion while making parliamentary approval an essential constitutional safeguard. The study concludes that the constitutional legitimacy of a Perppu depends not only on the existence of genuine emergency circumstances but also on effective legislative oversight and judicial review to preserve constitutional supremacy and the separation of powers. This article contributes to constitutional law scholarship by providing a comprehensive historical and doctrinal analysis of Indonesia’s Perppu practice and by proposing a clearer constitutional framework for balancing executive emergency powers with democratic accountability and the rule of law.
Effectiveness of the Supreme Court as the Guardian of Legality in Reviewing Norms Under the Law Irmanjaya Thaher; Dzaka M. Hakim; Ramelan Ramelan
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v3i2.1761

Abstract

Artikel ini mengkaji peran dan efektivitas Mahkamah Agung (MA) dalam pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan di bawah undang-undang terhadap undang-undang (hak uji materiil/HUM), dengan fokus pada dua putusan landmark tahun 2024 dan data kinerja MA secara keseluruhan. Putusan MA Nomor 12/P/HUM/2024 yang menguji Peraturan Presiden Nomor 53 Tahun 2023 dan Putusan Nomor 23/P/HUM/2024 yang menguji syarat umur pencalonan kepala daerah dianalisis secara mendalam dari perspektif hukum tata negara. Kajian juga menyoroti capaian kinerja MA pada tahun 2024, di mana MA menerima 31.000 perkara (meningkat 13,72% dari tahun 2023), memutus 30.763 perkara, dengan tingkat penyelesaian tepat waktu mencapai 96,52%. Analisis terpadu ini bertujuan mengevaluasi sejauh mana MA telah efektif menjalankan fungsi pengawasan konstitusionalitas peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai penyeimbang kekuasaan dalam sistem hukum Indonesia
Constitutional Accountability for Increased DPR Recess Funds and Effective Public Participation Irmanjaya Thaher; Dzaka M. Hakim; Eko Ariyanto
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v3i2.1762

Abstract

Artikel ini mengkaji status hukum reses Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) Republik Indonesia dalam konteks fungsi penyerapan aspirasi konstitusional, dengan memusatkan perhatian pada dimensi normatif, kelembagaan, dan fiskal dari institusi reses. Kajian dilakukan terhadap landasan konstitusional reses dalam UUD 1945 dan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait, diikuti analisis kritis terhadap perkembangan dana reses anggota DPR periode 2024–2029 yang mengalami kenaikan signifikan dalam dua tahap: dari Rp 360 juta menjadi Rp 702 juta per tahun suatu peningkatan sebesar 95,5% dalam kurun waktu kurang dari satu tahun. Artikel ini juga menelaah implikasi konstitusional dan akuntabilitas demokratis dari kenaikan tersebut, menganalisis mekanisme pengawasan yang berlaku, serta menawarkan rekomendasi reformasi kelembagaan untuk memastikan bahwa dana reses digunakan secara optimal dalam pemenuhan mandat konstitusional DPR sebagai lembaga perwakilan rakyat
Childfree by Choice: Competing Perspectives from Islamic Law, Indonesian Law, and Human Rights Ilham Masri; Ismail Ismail; M. Zainal Muttaqin
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v5i1.1791

Abstract

This study aims to examine the legal status of childfree by choice in Indonesia by analyzing the competing perspectives of Islamic law, Indonesian law, and human rights, while identifying areas of convergence, divergence, and potential harmonization among these normative frameworks. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches. Primary legal materials include the Qur’an, Hadith, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the Marriage Law, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), international human rights instruments, and classical and contemporary Islamic legal literature, supported by scholarly publications and relevant judicial decisions. The findings demonstrate that Islamic law generally recognizes procreation as an important objective of marriage but allows contextual legal reasoning in exceptional circumstances. Indonesian law neither explicitly prohibits nor formally recognizes childfree by choice, leaving its legal status subject to interpretation within the existing legal framework. In contrast, the human rights perspective emphasizes reproductive autonomy as a fundamental right, provided its exercise remains consistent with legal obligations and the rights of others. The study concludes that the legal assessment of childfree by choice requires an integrated approach that balances religious principles, national legal norms, and human rights standards rather than relying exclusively on a single legal framework. This study contributes to contemporary Islamic family law scholarship by developing a comparative analytical framework for understanding voluntary childlessness, enriching interdisciplinary legal discourse, and providing normative references for legal reform, judicial interpretation, and public policymaking concerning emerging family issues in Indonesia.
Ultra Petita Principle: Hadhanah Determination in Medan Religious High Court Decision No. 1/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Mdn Nurmala Sari; Fauziah Lubis
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v5i1.1810

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the application of the ultra petita principle under Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) Number 3 of 2015 concerning the determination of child hadhanah (child custody) rights in the Medan Religious High Court Decision No. 1/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Mdn. The study is motivated by the legal issue concerning the limits of judicial authority in determining hadhanah rights when no claim requesting such determination is submitted by the parties. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. The findings demonstrate that the application of the ultra petita principle in Decision No. 1/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Mdn is reflected in the panel of judges' decision to limit its authority to the claims submitted by the parties. Accordingly, the panel did not determine hadhanah rights because no petitum requesting hadhanah was included in the reconventional claim. This reasoning was based on Article 178 paragraph (3) of the Herziene Indonesisch Reglement (HIR) and the provisions of SEMA Number 3 of 2015, which prohibit judges from granting relief beyond the parties' requests unless permitted by law. Therefore, the decision consistently applies the ultra petita principle while promoting legal certainty and procedural fairness in Islamic family dispute resolution. This study contributes to the international literature on comparative Islamic family law by demonstrating how Indonesian religious courts balance judicial restraint with child custody adjudication within a pluralistic legal system, offering insights for comparative studies on judicial discretion and procedural justice in family law.
Abortion Law in Indonesia: Reconciling Criminal Justice, Islamic Law, and Human Rights Dinda Ayu Arini Chaniago; Noor Azizah
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v5i1.1814

Abstract

This study aims to analyze abortion law in Indonesia through the perspectives of criminal justice and Islamic law, particularly following the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Indonesian Criminal Code. The study examines the legal construction of abortion offences, the criminal regulation established under Indonesia’s new Criminal Code, and the extent to which these provisions correspond with Islamic legal principles and human rights considerations. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by library research involving the analysis of primary legal materials, including legislation and Islamic legal sources, as well as secondary materials consisting of scholarly works and academic studies on abortion regulation. The findings demonstrate that Indonesian criminal justice maintains abortion as a prohibited act subject to criminal sanctions while providing limited legal exceptions for pregnancies resulting from rape or sexual violence and for medical emergencies. From the perspective of Islamic law, these exceptions may be accepted when they fulfil the principles of necessity and are consistent with the objectives of maqasid al-shari’ah, particularly the preservation of life (hifz al-nafs) and the preservation of progeny (hifz al-nasl). The study concludes that abortion regulation in Indonesia represents a legal reform effort aimed at balancing criminal responsibility, Islamic legal values, and human rights protection. This research contributes academically by enriching the discourse on abortion law reform and demonstrating how criminal justice and Islamic law interact in addressing reproductive issues within a contemporary legal system.
The Criminalization of Child Marriage by Parents under Law Number 12 of 2022 Nazwa Bunga Rezki Perdana Lubis; Iwan Iwan
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v5i1.1817

Abstract

This study aims to analyze parental criminal liability for child marriage under Article 10 of Law Number 12 of 2022 on the Crime of Sexual Violence and examine its legitimacy from the perspective of Fiqh Jinayah (Islamic criminal jurisprudence) in relation to the principle of geen straf zonder schuld (no punishment without culpability). The study employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches, with legal materials analyzed qualitatively through grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretation. The findings indicate that parental criminal liability should not arise solely because parents facilitate or consent to child marriage but must be supported by proof of coercion, abuse of authority, and criminal culpability. Accordingly, Article 10 should be applied on a case-by-case basis to distinguish coercive conduct from parental involvement influenced by social, economic, cultural, or pregnancy-related circumstances, thereby preventing overcriminalization while ensuring effective child protection. From the perspective of Fiqh Jinayah, forced child marriage constitutes ta'addī (unlawful transgression) that may justify ta'zīr (discretionary criminal sanctions), whereas wilāyah al-ijbār (guardianship with compulsory authority) requires contextual interpretation based on maqāṣid al-sharī'ah (objectives of Islamic law). The study concludes that criminal sanctions achieve substantive justice only when applied proportionally by considering culpability and the surrounding social context. This study contributes to criminal law and Islamic legal scholarship by proposing an integrated normative framework that reconciles the principle of culpability with Fiqh Jinayah, providing doctrinal guidance for interpreting parental criminal liability while contributing to the global discourse on balancing child protection, proportional criminal liability, and legal pluralism.
Legislative Legitimacy in Multicultural States: West Sumatra Province Law and Indigenous Peoples' Exclusion Firdaus Arifin; Hardi Putra Wirman; Bagas Ihsanul Umam; Habibul Akhiar; Dea Maulvia Selfitri
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v5i1.1821

Abstract

This study examines the legislative legitimacy of Article 5 letter c of Law Number 17 of 2022 concerning West Sumatra Province following Constitutional Court Decision Number 97/PUU-XX/2022, focusing on whether the recognition of Minangkabau cultural identity through adat basandi syara’, syara’ basandi Kitabullah (ABS-SBK) reflects legitimate lawmaking while accommodating the recognition and participation of other Indigenous communities in a multicultural society. Employing an empirical juridical method, this study combines statutory, conceptual, comparative, and Islamic legal approaches with field research conducted in West Sumatra from January to April 2026. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with Indigenous leaders, legislators, government officials, constitutional and Islamic law scholars, and civil society representatives, while secondary data included constitutional provisions, Law Number 17 of 2022, Constitutional Court decisions, legislative documents, Islamic legal literature, and international instruments concerning Indigenous Peoples’ rights. The findings reveal that the Constitutional Court affirmed the constitutionality of Article 5 letter c as a recognition of regional cultural identity; however, the provision continues to raise substantive legitimacy concerns due to limited accommodation of other Indigenous identities, particularly the Mentawai Indigenous Peoples. The study concludes that legislative legitimacy in multicultural states requires not only constitutional recognition but also meaningful participation, legal pluralism, and protection of diverse cultural identities. As an academic contribution, this research develops an analytical framework connecting Indigenous rights, multicultural constitutionalism, and Islamic legal values to strengthen inclusive lawmaking and contribute to international comparative constitutional scholarship.
Beyond Legal Protection: Patriarchal Culture, the Justice Gap, and Domestic Violence in Indonesia M. Ridha Rahmat Putra; Ferdi Yufriadi
Hakamain: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): HAKAMAIN: Journal of Sharia and Law Studies
Publisher : Yayasan Lembaga Studi Makwa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57255/hakamain.v5i1.1847

Abstract

This study aims to examine how patriarchal culture and the justice gap influence the implementation of legal protection against domestic violence in Indonesia and to evaluate their implications for the development of contemporary Islamic family law. This research employs an empirical legal approach through qualitative field research. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with victims of domestic violence, law enforcement officers, judges, legal practitioners, religious leaders, women's rights advocates, and social workers, while secondary data were obtained from legislation, court decisions, official reports, and relevant academic literature. The findings demonstrate that patriarchal culture continues to legitimize domestic violence as a private family matter, discouraging victims from seeking legal remedies and influencing institutional responses. The study also identifies a persistent justice gap characterized by inconsistent law enforcement, weak institutional coordination, inadequate victim protection, and social pressures that frequently divert criminal cases into private family settlements. These conditions undermine the effective enforcement of domestic violence legislation and contradict the principles of contemporary Islamic family law, particularly justice, human dignity, equality, and the protection of vulnerable family members. The study concludes that strengthening legal protection requires integrated law enforcement, institutional reform, victim-centered legal services, and the reconstruction of patriarchal norms through the values of contemporary Islamic family law. Academically, this research contributes an empirical socio-legal framework that integrates patriarchal culture, the justice gap, and contemporary Islamic family law, providing both theoretical insights and practical policy recommendations for improving domestic violence prevention and victim protection in Indonesia.

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