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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 22526951     EISSN : 25026844     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry Physics
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science publishes basic research articles and conceptual of Chemistry, issued three (3) times a year, overall 10 articles per issued. To commemorate important events and agenda, may be issued a special edition that will include 10 articles in each issue.
Arjuna Subject : Kimia(semua kategori) - Kimia (Lain-Lain)
Articles 61 Documents
 1   2   3   4   5 
Biopolymers of Chitosan-Anthocyanin From Purple Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Extract and Their Interaction with Formalin Riska Putri Mawarni; F. Widhi Mahatmanti; Harjono; Mohammad Alauhdin
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i1.3865

Abstract

Purple sweet potato is one of the potential sources of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins can be utilized in various fields, such as sensors. Chitosan biopolymer allows formulation with anthocyanins because it possesses biodegradable and antimicrobial properties, and it does not inhibit color changes from anthocyanins. This study aims to prepare anthocyanins from purple sweet potatoes, formulate chitosan-anthocyanin biopolymer (CAB), and test the effect of time and formalin concentration on color changes in CAB. The research results show: 1) anthocyanin extract (TAC) from purple sweet potatoes is 852 mg/L with anthocyanin monomer (cyanidin) of 443.03 mg/500 g or 88.61 mg/100g. Anthocyanin extract at pH 1-12 has colors ranging from red to brownish-yellow; 2) CAB was successfully formulated with anthocyanin extract from purple sweet potatoes, chitosan, and glycerin. BKA-A was obtained with a content of 10 mL anthocyanin extract and CAB-B with 15 mL anthocyanin extract; 3) the produced biopolymers have average swelling values of 444% (CAB-A) and 339.5% (CAB-B). The storage time of CAB-B is longer than CAB-A. FTIR analysis showed a broad peak at ~3336 cm-1 indicating hydroxyl groups from anthocyanin extract; and 4) ANOVA test results showed that interaction time and formalin concentration affect color changes in CAB-A partially, while color changes in CAB-B are only influenced by interaction time with formalin.
Pembuatan Indikator Asam dan Basa Alami dari Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana) Asmorowati, Dian Sri; Ida Iryani Kristanti; Sri Susilogati Sumarti
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i1.4006

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat indikator alami dari kulit manggis. Pembuatan indikator alami dari kulit manggis digunakan sebagai pengganti indikator sintetik. Kandungan antosianin pada kulit manggis dapat digunakan sebagai indikator alami. Penggunaan indikator alami dari kulit manggis lebih hemat biaya, mudah didapat, dan lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Metode penelitian ini meliputi: (1) Pembuatan indikator kulit manggis; (2) uji verifikasi antosianin; (3) Titrasi HCl dan NaOH menggunakan indikator kulit manggis. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi pencemaran limbah yang dihasilkan oleh praktikum. Berdasarkan pemaparan di atas, peneliti ingin ikut serta mewujudkan UNNES menjadi universitas konservasi yaitu dengan menggunakan indikator asam basa alami dari kulit manggis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembuatan indikator dari kulit manggis dilakukan dengan cara membuat ekstrak kulit manggis, uji pembuktian antosianin menunjukkan hasil positif, ekstrak kulit manggis dapat digunakan sebagai indikator alami pada titrasi asam basa, karena kandungan antosianin dalam kulit manggis berwarna kuning pada suasana asam (flavylium). Sedangkan apabila ditambah basa warna kuning semakin pudar karena terbentuk chalcone. PH pada Titik Akhir Titrasi jika menggunakan indikator alami kulit manggis berada pada rentang pH 6,35 hingga 6,40. Persentase kesalahan titrasi menggunakan indikator kulit manggis ialah 2,00%; 0,00%; dan 2,00%. Sedangkan persentase kesalahan titrasi menggunakan indikator PP adalah 11,11%; 30,34%; dan 2,78%. Persentase kesalahan titrasi menggunakan kulit manggis lebih kecil, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan indikator kulit manggis lebih baik dibandingkan dengan menggunakan indikator PP.
Characterization of Sodium Alginate and Chitosan Bioplastics With the Addition of Glycerol and Glutaraldehyde Khafid Kholiq; Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i1.4189

Abstract

Based on data from the Indonesian Plastic Industry Association (INAPLAS) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Indonesia is the largest contributor of plastic waste in the world. Efforts to overcome plastic waste can be done by making bioplastics. Bioplastics are plastics made from biopolymers which can be degraded and can be renewed. In this research, bioplastics were made using a method of mixing the ingredients and then poured into a baking dish. The materials used are sodium alginate and chitosan as the main components of bioplastics and the addition of plasticizers in the form of glycerol and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking. The variations of sodium alginate and chitosan polymers used are A(1:2); B(1:1); C(2:1) (w/w). The bioplastic characteristics tested include thickness, mechanical properties test, water absorption test, functional group test using FTIR, morphology test using SEM, and degradation test. The consecutive thickness test results are: bioplastic A of 0.140 mm, bioplastic B of 0.098 mm, and bioplastic C of 0.146 mm. The mechanical properties test results show the best tensile strength, elasticity and elongation at break values ​​of 1.72 MPa, 2.73 MPa and 63.66% for bioplastic C. Bioplastic A has the highest water resistance value with the lowest water absorption capacity of 37. 6%. The results of FTIR analysis of bioplastics show the presence of O-H, N-H, and C-O-O groups. Morphological test results on the composite surface show that the cross-link network forms an acetal bridge structure. Bioplastic B experienced the highest degradation with a weight reduction of 91.34%. The concentration of sodium alginate and chitosan affects the physical properties (thickness, water resistance and degradation) as well as the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break). Sodium alginate and chitosan bioplastics have a higher weight reduction percentage than commercial bioplastics with a weight reduction percentage of 14.58%.  
Optimization of Microplate Type Uv-vis  Spectrophotometer Performance as an Antioxidant Activity Testing Instrument Martin Sulistyani; F. Widhi Mahatmanti; Nuril Huda; Ridho Prasetyo
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i1.5014

Abstract

Eliminating a compound's capacity to impede and neutralize free radical-induced oxidation processes is the goal of antioxidant activity analysis. The DPPH (pikrilhidrazil-2,2-difenil-1) method was the approach taken in this investigation. Simple, sensitive, stable, quick, straightforward, and suitable for usage with tiny sample volumes are some of the benefits of DPPH procedures. In this investigation, some plant extracts were employed as a comparison, with ascorbic acid serving as the control. In order to evaluate a microplate-type uv-vis  Spectrophotometer effectiveness as an antioxidant activity test tool, the study will determine its maximum wave, linearity, accuracy, and IC50 values. Wavelength selectivity is found in 517 nm. The results validation of the DPPH method for analyzing the activity of antioxidants. Measurements of the ascorbic acid solution as a control obtained R2 values of 0.9781 compared to the LoD and LoQ limits of 0.961 and 3.053 respectively. The IC50 of ascorbic acid, ginger and turmeric, respectively, was 14.7218 (strong), 29.9194 (very strong), and 52.4943 (strong). 
Extraction Flavonoids of Beluntas Leaves (Pluchea indica L.) Using Maceration Method with Fermentation Imanda, Arsyi; Putri Dwi Rahayu; Suprihatin; Sani
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i2.5163

Abstract

Pluchea Indica L. or beluntas plant is a medicinal plant that contains several bioactive components including tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and essential oils. The flavonoids in beluntas leaves can act as antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic compounds. This research aims to determine the effect of fermentation time and maceration time and to obtain the best conditions for the flavonoid levels of beluntas leaf extract. One way to obtain high amounts of beluntas leaf flavonoids is by maceration extraction with fermentation of Rhizopus sp. This research was carried out by fermenting beluntas leaf powder using Rhizopus sp at a temperature of 30°C and aerobic conditions with a time of (48; 72; 96; 120; 144) hours. After fermentation, the beluntas leaf powder will be analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Next, the beluntas leaf powder will be extracted using the maceration method using 90% methanol solvent with a maceration time (24; 36; 48; 60; 72) hours, then filtered to separate the filtrate and sediment. The filtrate was distilled to obtain beluntas leaf extract, then the beluntas leaf extract was analyzed for flavonoid levels using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method. The results showed that fermentation time and maceration extraction time had an effect on the flavonoid content of beluntas leaf extract. The best flavonoid content was obtained at 1.0398% at a fermentation time of 96 hours and a maceration time of 48 hours.
Potency Ziziphus and Polyscias Leaves as Foaming agent in Antioxidant Soap Production from Nyamplung Seed of Oil Chasani, Moch.; Widyaningsih, Senny; Rastuti, Undri; Permana, Afri
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i2.7456

Abstract

Penelitian untuk mencari formulasi sabun antioksidan terbaik dari minyak biji nyamplung sebagai bahan utama telah dilakukan. Namun bahan tambahan yang digunakan adalah bahan sintetis yang bisa menyebabkan iritasi pada kulit. Penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan bahan tambahan alami yaitu daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) sebagai antioksidan, daun bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) dan daun mangkokan (Polyscias scutellaria L.) sebagai bahan pembusa alami. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui formulasi dan aktivitas antioksidan sabun dari minyak biji nyamplung dengan penambahan daun bidara dan daun mangkokan sebagai bahan pembusa. Karakterisasi formula sabun meliputi jumlah asam lemak, asam lemak bebas, lemak netral, keasaman (pH), berat jenis dan kestabilan busa. Analisis data menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, uji ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dan uji DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05). Penentuan formulasi sabun terbaik menggunakan metode indeks efektivitas. Uji aktivitas antioksidan pada sabun formula terbaik menggunakan metode DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua bahan tambahan alami tersebut memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap karakteristik sabun. Uji aktivitas antioksidan diperoleh nilai IC50 sebesar 44,73 ppm yang berarti sabun mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat.
THE EFFECT OF WATER CONTENT OF RAW MATERIALS ON DRYING RATE AND YIELD OF LEMON PEEL EXTRACTION AS AN ESSENTIAL OIL FOR MANUFACTURING NATURAL PERFUME Winaliani, Winaliani; Myra Wardati Sari
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i2.7889

Abstract

Lemon peel can be used as a raw material in making products such as natural perfume because it contains limonene compounds, which can provide a refreshing aroma. This research aimed to determine the effect of raw material moisture content on the drying rate and extraction yield of lemon peel as an essential oil for making natural perfume. The method employed in this research is soxhlet extraction with variations in the mass of lemon peel, namely 120 grams and 150 grams, and variations in drying time, namely 120 minutes and 150 minutes, and variations in the extraction time carried out are 150 minutes and 170 minutes using 70% ethanol solvent. This research was carried out in two stages, drying and extraction. The best drying results were obtained by sample A3, which had a sample mass variation of 120 grams and a drying time of 150 minutes. The best extract yield was obtained by sample A3, which had a sample variation of 120 grams, a drying time of 150 minutes, and an extraction time of 170 minutes.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EAPR (ELECTRO ASSISTED PHYTOREMEDIATION) METHOD FOR PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT USING WATER HYACINTH PLANTS (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES) VARYING ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE AND SURFACE AREA OF ZINC (ZN) ELECTRODES Panca Nugrahini Febriningrum; Ati Nuria Rohmah
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i2.8656

Abstract

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) merupakan limbah utama industri kelapa sawit dengan potensi pencemaran lingkungan yang besar sehingga diperlukan pengolahan limbah cair kelapa sawit yang tepat guna, ekonomis, dan ramah lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tegangan listrik dan luas permukaan elektroda seng (Zn) pada pengolahan limbah cair industri kelapa sawit dengan metode EAPR (Electro Assisted Phytoremediation) sehingga dapat diketahui perbandingannya terhadap konsentrasi nilai pH, COD, BOD, TSS, VSS, serta minyak dan lemak. Penelitian ini menggunakan limbah sebanyak 5 liter dan tanaman eceng gondok dengan jumlah daun 5-8 helai, serta waktu kontak selama 60 menit perhari. Perlakuan dihentikan jika penurunan mencapai angka konstan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai pH pada semua perlakuan sudah mencapai baku mutu dimana nilai tertinggi sebesar 7,5; penurunan COD tertinggi sebesar 34.190 mg/L dengan persentase 92,96%; penurunan TSS tertinggi sebesar 28.000 mg/L dengan persentase 97,22%; penurunan VSS tertinggi sebesar 23.000 mg/L dengan persentase 25,05%; serta penurunan minyak dan lemak tertinggi sebesar sebesar 8.540 mg/L dengan persentase 98,61% pada variasi tegangan listrik 12 volt, sedangkan penurunan BOD tertinggi sebesar 174,3 mg/L dengan persentase 35,16% pada variasi tegangan listrik 6 volt di reaktor 2 (luas permukaan katoda 500 cm2 dan anoda 14 cm2). Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is the main waste from the palm oil industry with the potential for large environmental pollution, so it is necessary to process liquid palm oil waste that is effective, economical and environmentally friendly. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effect of electric voltage and surface area of ​​zinc (Zn) electrodes on the processing of liquid waste from the palm oil industry using the EAPR (Electro Assisted Phytoremediation) method so that comparisons can be made with the concentration values ​​of pH, COD, BOD, TSS, VSS, as well as oils and fats. This research used 5 liters of waste and water hyacinth plants with 5-8 leaves, and a contact time of 60 minutes per day. Treatment was stopped if the decrease reached a constant figure. The research results showed that the pH value in all treatments had reached the quality standard where the highest value was 7.5; the highest reduction in COD was 34,190 mg/L with a percentage of 92.96%; the highest TSS reduction was 28,000 mg/L with a percentage of 97.22%; the highest reduction in VSS was 23,000 mg/L with a percentage of 25.05%; and the highest reduction in oil and fat was 8,540 mg/L with a percentage of 98.61% at a 12 volt electrical voltage variation, while the highest BOD reduction was 174.3 mg/L with a percentage of 35.16% at a 6 volt electrical voltage variation in the reactor. 2 (cathode surface area 500 cm2 and anode 14 cm2).
Production of Struvite Fertilizer from Salt Pond Waste (Bittern) with The Aeration Process Shafira Sarah Adzra; Wahyu Bita Pradana
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i2.9753

Abstract

Salt production produces liquid waste known as "Bittern", which is a saturated solution containing minerals such as Magnesium, Sodium, Phosphorus and several other minerals. The mineral content in Bittern can be used as raw material for making Struvite fertilizer. Crystal formation Struvite can be done using the aeration method by injecting air into wastewater using an aerator. The process is carried out by mixing the three solutions containing the minerals Magnesium, Ammonium and Phosphate into a vertical reactor using a variation of NH4+ excess of 10%; 20%; 30%; 40%; 50% and varying the temperature by 30˚C; 40˚C; 50˚C; 60˚C; 70˚C. Both variables are run by flowing air at a rate of 1 L/minute and maintaining the pH to remain at pH 9. The process is stopped when the pH reaches 9. The precipitate formed will then be filtered and then carried out a drying process at room temperature. Next, the struvite crystals that have been formed will be analyzed using XRF and SEM methods. The best conditions are obtained at a temperature of 30℃ and an excess of NH4+ of 50%, namely with a Mg content of 15% and PO4 of 74.32%.
Characterization and Optimization of Fe2O3 Extraction From Red Mud Using APDC ligan prastyo, elli; Yully Mulyani
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
Publisher : Prodi Kimia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i2.11161

Abstract

The main component contained in the red mud is Fe2O3 which has the potential to be used as a catalyst in chemical reactions and can be used as a Fe3O4 catalyst manufacture. One method that can separate ferrous metal (Fe) from Red Mud is the extraction method using a chelating agent. This study studied the extraction of Fe2O3 from red mud by solvent extraction method using APDC ligands under various concentration. The variables studied are pH optimization, ligand concentration and extraction time. Analysis of red mud extraction results using FTIR, XRF, and XRD on various variables. Determination of the maximum wavelength of complex compounds formed between Fe(III) ions and ammonium pyrrolydine dithiocarbamate (APDC) ligands with pH variations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in the wavelength range of 200 – 450 nm. The resulting complex compound is yellow and obtained a maximum wavelength of 347 nm. The greatest value of Fe2O3 absorbance is obtained at pH 1. The concentration of APDC ligands on the extraction of Fe-APDC complex compounds reached optimum conditions at a concentration of 0.5 mM with an optimum extraction time of 5 min. The FTIR spectrum formed in the Fe2O3 compound from the extraction is shown by the presence of vibration peaks in the regions of 447 cm-1 and 524 cm-1. Analysis of XRD Fe2O3 extraction results from red mud showed that the dominant phase was hematite (Fe2O3) followed by the minor phase of SiO2.

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