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INDONESIA
JOURNAL OF Pharmacy and Tropical Issues
Published by Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum
ISSN : 28074319     EISSN : 28074122     DOI : https://doi.org/10.56922/pti.v4i2
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal penelitian dibidang kesehatan meliputi ilmu keparmasian. Penelitain sesuai tren pengobatan sesuai sumber alam di negara tropis. Pengembangan obat dan pendistribusian kepada pelanggan, dan sesuai aturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) - Republik Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 98 Documents
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Studi komparatif skrining fitokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun suji (Dracaena angustifolia) terhadap Escherichia coli Densi Selpia Sopianti; Aziza Oktarina; Varina Theodora Pratiwi; Elly Mulyani; Gina Lestari
JOURNAL OF Pharmacy and Tropical Issues Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): July Edition 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/pti.v6i3.3790

Abstract

Background: Pathogenic bacterial infections, particularly gastroenteritis caused by Escherichia coli, remain a major global health challenge due to escalating antibiotic resistance. Dracaena angustifolia (Suji leaf) contains diverse bioactive secondary metabolites that offer potential antimicrobial properties, making it a viable natural alternative for exploration. Purpose: To analyze the phytochemical screening profile using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and evaluate the comparative antibacterial efficacy of Dracaena angustifolia leaf ethanol extract against the growth of Escherichia coli in vitro. Method: This experimental laboratory study used a 96% ethanol maceration method to extract compounds from Suji leaves. Phytochemical screening was conducted via conventional tube reagents and confirmed using TLC (Silica Gel GF254) to determine Rf values. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was evaluated using the disk diffusion method with extract concentrations of 20%, 60%, and 80% w/v across three replications. Ciprofloxacin and 10% DMSO served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD post-hoc test (p<0.05) Results: The maceration process resulted in a yield of 13.47%. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids (Rf=0.92), saponins (Rf= 0.71), and tannins (Rf= 0.65). The mean inhibition zone diameter increased dose-dependently: 11.23 mm (20%), 13.83 mm (60%), and 14.61 mm (80%). Statistical analysis showed that the differences among the extract concentration groups were not significant (p<0.05). However, a highly significant difference was observed when comparing all extract concentrations to ciprofloxacin (p=0.000). Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Dracaena angustifolia leaves possesses alkaloid, saponin, and tannin compounds that exhibit a strong capacity to inhibit Escherichia coli. While higher concentrations widen the inhibition zone, the structural increase is not statistically significant, and its overall efficacy remains lower than the standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin.   Keywords: Antibacterial; Dracaena Angustifolia; Escherichia Coli; Phytochemical Screening; Thin Layer Chromatography.
Evaluasi potensi antioksidan sediaan toner kombinasi lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) dan daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) Shofiatin Hanafi; Yani&#039; Qoriati; Atika Nirmala
JOURNAL OF Pharmacy and Tropical Issues Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): July Edition 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/pti.v6i3.3817

Abstract

Background: Natural antioxidants are widely developed in cosmetic preparations because they can protect the skin from oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Aloe vera gel and Ocimum basilicum leaf extract contain flavonoids. phenolic compounds. and other bioactive constituents with antioxidant potential. making them promising active ingredients for facial toner formulations. Purpose: To determine the optimal formulation for a toner combining aloe vera gel and basil leaf extract. based on physical quality and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Method: This true experimental study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six formulations (F0-F5) differing in the ratio of Aloe vera gel and Ocimum basilicum leaf extract. Physical quality evaluation included organoleptic properties. pH. homogeneity. viscosity. and hedonic testing. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method and expressed as IC₅₀ values. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by the Games-Howell post hoc test with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: All formulations met the physical quality requirements. showing good organoleptic characteristics. homogeneous appearance. pH of 6.0. and viscosity ranging from 0.91-1.18 cP. Hedonic evaluation indicated good acceptance. with F1 being the most preferred formulation. Antioxidant testing demonstrated significant differences among formulations (p<0.05). Formulation F2 exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 22.80 ± 0.03 ppm. classified as a very strong antioxidant. Conclusion: The combination of Aloe vera gel and Ocimum basilicum leaf extract can be successfully formulated into a facial toner with acceptable physical quality and very strong antioxidant activity. Formulation F2 was identified as the optimum formulation based on its antioxidant performance.   Keywords: Aloe vera; Antioxidant Activity; DPPH; Facial Toner; Ocimum basilicum.
Pengembangan model prediksi drug related problems menggunakan machine learning pada pasien geriatri dengan polifarmasi Ika Sutra Perwirahayu Aji Saputri
JOURNAL OF Pharmacy and Tropical Issues Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): July Edition 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/pti.v6i3.3826

Abstract

Background: Drug Related Problems (DRPs) are a major cause of reduced therapeutic quality, prolonged hospital stays, and high healthcare costs among geriatric patients. Polypharmacy and multimorbidity increase therapeutic complexity, necessitating predictive methods capable of early identification of high-risk patients. Purpose: To develop a machine learning-based prediction model for drug related problems (DRPs) in geriatric patients with polypharmacy. Method: A retrospective, analytical observational study design was employed, utilizing electronic medical record data from hospitalized geriatric patients. A total of 2,458 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Prediction models were developed using Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Model evaluation was conducted using Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 score, and the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC-AUC). Model interpretation was performed using Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP). Results: A total of 70.6% of patients experienced DRPs, with the most common category being treatment effectiveness. Factors significantly associated with the occurrence of DRPs included advanced age, the number of medications, chronic kidney disease, the use of high-alert medications, and major drug interactions (p<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of Drug Related Problems (DRPs) among geriatric patients undergoing polypharmacy is high, predominantly within the Treatment Effectiveness category. The XGBoost algorithm proved to be the most effective at predicting DRPs, with key predictors including the number of medications, drug interactions, renal function, age, and High Alert Medications. Suggestion: Future research should conduct external validation using multicenter data from various hospitals. Additionally, the integration of the model into hospital information systems needs to be evaluated through prospective studies to assess its impact on reducing the incidence of DRPs.   Keywords: Clinical Decision Support System; Drug Related Problems; Machine Learning; Older Adults; Polypharmacy; XGBoost.
Gambaran pola peresepan obat diare pada anak Ni Putu Tania Grevani; Made Prita Artika; Ni Luh Kade Wiradani
JOURNAL OF Pharmacy and Tropical Issues Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): July Edition 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/pti.v6i3.3831

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea remains a common health issue among children and can lead to dehydration or even death if not managed appropriately. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia recommend the use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc as the primary treatment for childhood diarrhea. However, variations in prescribing patterns that do not fully align with treatment guidelines are still observed in primary healthcare settings. Purpose: To identify patterns of diarrhea medication prescribing for children, as well as the appropriateness of treatment regimens based on WHO and Ministry of Health guidelines. Method: This descriptive observational study employed a retrospective approach using secondary data specifically prescriptions and medical records from pediatric patients aged 1-11 years diagnosed with diarrhea. The study was conducted at the Public Health Center (Puskesmas) X in Gianyar, Bali. A sample of 52 subjects was selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The most frequently prescribed single therapy was oral rehydration (21 prescriptions; 40.38%), while the most common combination therapy consisted of micronutrients and oral rehydration (8 prescriptions; 15.38%). An assessment of therapeutic appropriateness based on WHO and Indonesian Ministry of Health guidelines revealed that 39 prescriptions (75%) were compliant, whereas 13 prescriptions (25%) were non-compliant. Conclusion: Prescribing patterns for antidiarrheal medication in children largely align with treatment guidelines. However, an evaluation of rational drug use particularly regarding the use of antibiotics and antidiarrheals is still required.
Hubungan literasi kesehatan, kepatuhan penggunaan obat dan pengendalian kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 Winda Abdillah; Yuswanto Setyawan
JOURNAL OF Pharmacy and Tropical Issues Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): July Edition 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/pti.v6i3.3846

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that requires long-term management to achieve optimal glycemic control and prevent complications. Health literacy and medication adherence are important factors that may influence patients’ ability to manage their condition and maintain blood glucose levels within the recommended range. Purpose: To determine the relationship between health literacy, medication adherence, and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: An analytical observational design with a Cross-Sectional approach was employed. A total of 422 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), and analyzed using Chi-Square, Spearman Rank, and logistic regression analyses. Results: Health literacy and medication adherence are significantly associated with glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (p<0.05). Patients with good health literacy tend to demonstrate more effective self-management behaviors and medication adherence. Of these two factors, multivariate analysis indicates that medication adherence is the most influential factor regarding glycemic management after controlling for other variables. Conclusion: Health literacy and medication adherence are significantly associated with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Improving patients’ understanding of health information and promoting adherence to prescribed medications may contribute to better diabetes management and improved glycemic outcomes. Therefore, healthcare providers should strengthen educational interventions and adherence-support programs to enhance long-term diabetes care. Suggestion: Healthcare professionals and health service facilities are expected to enhance their type 2 diabetes mellitus education programs, ensuring they are sustainable and easily understood. Future research is recommended to employ longitudinal or cohort designs to evaluate the causal relationships between health literacy, medication adherence, and blood sugar control.
Perbandingan kadar carrageenan dan kadar air Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva warna hijau Scorviona Cornelia Billik; Muntasir; Nurul Fatmawati Pua Upa; Muhajirin Dean
JOURNAL OF Pharmacy and Tropical Issues Vol. 6 No. 5 (2026): September edition 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/pti.v6i5.4013

Abstract

Background: The quality of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva carrageenan is highly influenced by post-harvest drying methods; however, the community in Akle Village, Semau Island, still faces constraints during the drying stage. Purpose: To compare the carrageenan content and moisture content of green Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva from Akle Village based on oven drying at 60°C and sun drying methods. Method: An experimental study. Carrageenan was extracted using 8% KOH, precipitated with 96% ethanol, and analyzed using HPLC. Moisture content was determined by the gravimetric method. Data were analyzed using the Independent Sample t-test. Results: Sun drying produced a carrageenan content of 33.45% and a moisture content of 30.005%, whereas oven drying at 60°C produced a carrageenan content of 28.95% and a moisture content of 35.275%. There was no significant difference between the two methods (p=0.116). Conclusion: The sun drying method produces higher carrageenan content and lower moisture content, and better meets the SNI quality standards.   Keywords: Carrageenan; Kappaphycus Alvarezii; Moisture Content.
Penentuan kadar katekin ekstrak air daun dan kulit batang faloak dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis Kristi Pabiaran; Muhajirin Dean; Matias N. Kolobani; Antonius R. Basa Ola
JOURNAL OF Pharmacy and Tropical Issues Vol. 6 No. 5 (2026): September edition 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/pti.v6i5.4036

Abstract

Background: Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) is a medicinal plant native to East Nusa Tenggara that contains catechin as one of its bioactive compounds. Catechin content may be influenced by plant parts and environmental factors, including altitude. Purpose: This study aimed to determine and compare the catechin content of aqueous extracts from the leaves and stem bark of faloak collected from different altitudes. Method: Leaf and stem bark samples of faloak were collected from Bolok (30 m above sea level) and Camplong (320 m above sea level) and extracted using the infusion method. Catechin content was determined by uv-visible spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 288 nm using (+)-catechin as the standard. Results: The highest catechin content was found in the aqueous stem bark extract from Camplong (3.27 ± 0.04 mg/g), while the lowest was observed in the aqueous leaf extract from Bolok (0.77 ± 0.07 mg/g). Conclusion: Catechin content in faloak is influenced by plant parts and altitude. The stem bark contained higher catechin levels than the leaves, and samples collected from higher altitudes exhibited greater catechin content than those from lower altitudes.   Keywords: Catechin; Faloak; Uv-vis Spectrophotometry.
Hubungan derajat hipertensi dengan lokasi perdarahan intrakranial pada pasien stroke hemoragik Faradillah Puspitasari; Boby Suryawan; Akhmad Kheru Dharmawan; Sariningsih Sariningsih
JOURNAL OF Pharmacy and Tropical Issues Vol. 6 No. 5 (2026): September edition 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/pti.v6i5.4160

Abstract

Background: Hemorrhagic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability resulting from intracranial hemorrhage. Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor that contributes to structural changes in cerebral blood vessels, thereby increasing the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. The severity of hypertension is suspected to be associated with the location of intracranial hemorrhage identified by Computed Tomography (CT) scan. Purpose: To determine the relationship between the severity of hypertension and the location of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Method: This observational analytic study employed a cross-sectional approach with a retrospective design. A total of 62 patients with hemorrhagic stroke who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included using a total sampling technique. Data on hypertension severity and intracranial hemorrhage location were obtained from medical records. Univariate analysis was performed to describe the characteristics of the variables, while the relationship between variables was analyzed using Fisher's Exact test with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Most patients had grade III hypertension (51.6%), while the most frequent location of intracranial hemorrhage was the basal ganglia/putamen (40.3%). Among patients with grade III hypertension, hemorrhage predominantly occurred in the basal ganglia/putamen (56.3%). Fisher's Exact test demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the severity of hypertension and the location of intracranial hemorrhage (p=0.002). Conclusion: The severity of hypertension is significantly associated with the location of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Higher grades of hypertension tend to be associated with hemorrhage occurring in deep brain structures, particularly the basal ganglia/putamen.   Keywords: Computed Tomography (CT) Scan; Hemorrhagic Stroke; Hypertension Severity; Intracranial Hemorrhage Location.

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