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INDONESIA
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Published by Borneo Scientific Publishing
ISSN : 26226596     EISSN : 2622660X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.53770/medica
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Chemistry Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal), with registered number ISSN 2622-6596 (Print), 2622-660X (Online) is an Open Access and peer-reviewed journal presenting timely research on all aspects of health that other media have not published. Managed by the Borneo Scientific Publishing, published by Borneo Scientific Publishing. MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) will publish journals three times yearly: January, May, and October. Manuscripts are published as original articles, review articles, and case reports. The Journal invites public health concerned with any of these areas to submit research on topics including, but not limited to Health promotion & disease prevention in all stages of human life, Medical laboratory, Nursing, Environmental Health, Epidemiology and biostatistics. Health policy and administration, Public health nutrition, Occupational health and safety, Health Promotion, Reproductive health, maternal and child health, and other related articles in public health.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 124 Documents
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Effectiveness of the “My Body Belongs to Me” Pop-Up Book on Preschool Children’s Understanding of Body Safety Maria Ulfah Kurnia Dewi; Ismi Elya Wirdati; Dewi Puspitaningrum; Nuke Devi Indrawati; Vilda Hiktiawati; Nur Safika; Ellyzabeth Sukmawati
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 7 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i7.1075

Abstract

Child sexual violence is a major public health concern, emphasizing the need for developmentally appropriate body safety education during early childhood. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the My Body Belongs to Me Pop-Up Book in improving preschool children's understanding of body safety. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control-group study was conducted among 60 preschool children at Al Huda Kindergarten, Semarang, Indonesia. Participants were assigned to an intervention group receiving body safety education through the My Body Belongs to Me Pop-Up Book or a control group receiving conventional leaflet-based education. Children's understanding was assessed using a 10-item picture-based Situational Judgment Test. Data were analyzed using independent-samples and paired-samples t-tests, with Cohen's d used to estimate effect size. Baseline understanding did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.076). After the intervention, the intervention group achieved significantly higher posttest scores than the control group (8.37 ± 1.40 vs. 5.73 ± 1.11; p < 0.001), with a very large effect size (Cohen's d = 2.08). Significant improvement was observed only in the intervention group (p < 0.001). The My Body Belongs to Me Pop-Up Book was more effective than leaflet-based education in improving preschool children's understanding of body safety, supporting its use as an interactive and developmentally appropriate educational tool for early child sexual violence prevention.
Parenting Style and Early Childhood Development among Toddlers in Coastal Communities of Semarang, Indonesia Maya Cobalt Angio Septianingtyas; Ellyzabeth Sukmawati; Achmad Solechan; Siti Juwariyah; Danny Putri Sulistyaningrum
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 7 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i7.1076

Abstract

Early childhood development remains a major public health concern in Indonesian coastal communities, where socioeconomic vulnerability and suboptimal parenting practices may adversely affect developmental outcomes. This study examined the association between parenting styles and early childhood development among toddlers in coastal communities of Semarang, Indonesia, using a convergent mixed-methods design. A total of 371 mothers with children aged 12–59 months were selected through stratified random sampling from nine coastal villages within the Bandarharjo Primary Health Center catchment area. Quantitative data were collected using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire and the Indonesian Pre-Screening Developmental Questionnaire, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with mothers, health cadres, midwives, and community leaders. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression, whereas qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Democratic parenting was the predominant parenting style (57.7%), and 72.0% of toddlers demonstrated age-appropriate development. Parenting style was significantly associated with child development (p < 0.001; Cramer's V = 0.27). Logistic regression showed that democratic parenting was associated with better developmental outcomes (OR = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.61–5.37; p < 0.001). Qualitative findings revealed that fragmented caregiving, parental workload, limited developmental literacy, and reliance on digital devices as caregiving substitutes influenced parenting practices and child development. These findings highlight the importance of promoting democratic parenting while addressing socioeconomic and contextual barriers to improve developmental outcomes among children in vulnerable coastal communities.
Assessment of Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis Danny Putri Sulistyaningrum; Maya Cobalt Angio Septianingtyas; Rusmiyati Rusmiyati
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 7 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i7.1022

Abstract

Cognitive impairment is often not properly managed, which may lead to complications such as Alzheimer’s disease, sleep disorders, depression, increased risk of falls, difficulty in decision making, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality risk. This study aimed to identify cognitive impairment among elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study used a descriptive quantitative design. A total of 101 respondents were selected using a total sampling technique. The inclusion criteria were patients who routinely underwent hemodialysis twice a week, were aged ≥55 years, were conscious and oriented, and were able to read and write. Cognitive function was assessed using an electronic-based Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and Spearman’s rank correlation test. Spearman’s correlation was selected because the numerical variables were not normally distributed. The mean age of the respondents was 62.11 years, and the mean duration of hemodialysis was 4,252 hours. Most respondents were male (55.4%), had undergone hemodialysis for more than 24 months (49.5%), and had hypertension as the most common underlying disease (55.4%). Most respondents had normal cognitive function (76.2%). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between age and MMSE score (rₛ = −0.241, p = 0.015) and between hemodialysis session duration and MMSE score (rₛ = −0.198, p = 0.047). In contrast, the length of undergoing hemodialysis was not significantly correlated with MMSE score (rₛ = 0.123, p = 0.222). Age and hemodialysis session duration were significantly associated with cognitive function, whereas the length of undergoing hemodialysis was not significantly associated with MMSE scores. Periodic cognitive ass            essment should therefore be considered, particularly among older patients and those undergoing longer hemodialysis sessions.
Effectiveness of Foot Exercise and Kersen Leaf Infusion on Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Hesti Prawita Widiastuti; Eka Putri Kumala Dewi; Rivan Firdaus; Ismansyah Ismansyah
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 8 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i8.1106

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires accessible complementary strategies to support glycemic control. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of foot exercise, kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) leaf infusion, and their combination on random blood glucose levels. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study with four parallel groups involved 60 adults with T2DM, allocated equally to diabetic foot exercise, kersen leaf infusion, combined intervention, or control groups (n = 15 each). Interventions were delivered for two weeks. Foot exercise consisted of seven movements for approximately 30 minutes, three times weekly, while the infusion group received 100 mL of warm kersen leaf infusion once daily before bedtime. Random blood glucose was measured before and after the intervention using a glucometer. Within-group changes were examined using paired t-tests, and post-intervention differences among the four groups were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc comparisons. The results of this study showed that blood glucose decreased significantly in the diabetic foot exercise group (mean change 16.67 mg/dL; 95% CI 3.08-30.26; p=0.020), kersen infusion group (12.53 mg/dL; 95% CI 6.24-18.83; p=0.001), and combination group (39.07 mg/dL; 95% CI 19.48-58.65; p=0.001), but not in the control group (9.87 mg/dL; 95% CI -5.50 to 25.23; p=0.190). Bonferroni analysis showed lower posttest glucose in the combination group than in the foot-exercise group (mean difference -64.80 mg/dL; 95% CI -119.94 to -9.66; p=0.013). In conclusion, the combined intervention produced the largest reduction and significantly lower posttest glucose than foot exercise alone and control.
Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Diet Quality in Obese Adolescents Cicilia Karlina Lariwu; Christiane Prisilia Sarayar; Jeane Sumarauw; Ever Mario Lontaan; Jolie Febri Ponamon; Linnie Pondaag; Pingkan Christy Timbuleng
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 7 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i7.1120

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of adolescent obesity and poor diet quality remains a significant public health issue, with socioeconomic factors playing an important role in shaping dietary behaviors. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status and diet quality among obese adolescents in Tomohon City using a cross-sectional design. A total of 316 obese adolescents aged 17–19 years were recruited through purposive sampling, a non-probability sampling technique in which participants were selected based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), while socioeconomic status was assessed through a parental questionnaire covering income, education, occupation, and household expenditure. Data were collected via Google Forms and analyzed using the Chi-square test and simple logistic regression at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that most respondents had medium socioeconomic status (61.4%) and diet quality categorized as “needs improvement” (75.0%), with a significant association between socioeconomic status and diet quality (p < 0.001; OR = 13.168; 95% CI: 6.975–24.859). In conclusion, socioeconomic status is significantly associated with diet quality among obese adolescents in Tomohon City. These findings underscore the need for targeted nutrition interventions to improve dietary quality among socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents.
The Relationship Between the Village-Level Food Security Index and Stunting Prevalence Muhammad Rafki Pratama; Dodik Briawan; Cesilia Meti Dwiriani
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 8 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i8.1175

Abstract

Stunting remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia. In Penajam Paser Utara (PPU) Regency, despite being classified as food-secure overall, the stunting prevalence remains high (21.8%), suggesting disparities in food security across villages. This study examined the relationship between the village-level Food Security Index (FSI) and stunting prevalence in PPU. An ecological correlational design was conducted using secondary data from the 2023 Precision Village Data (DDP), comprising 33,321 individuals and 7,639 households, and the 2023 community-based nutrition surveillance system (e-PPGBM), including 4,976 children under five from eight community health centres. Total sampling covered 40 of 54 villages (74%). The FSI was developed from nine indicators representing food availability, access, and utilisation, standardised using z-scores and normalised to a 0–100 scale. Data were analysed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Spearman correlation, and backward multiple linear regression. The mean village FSI was 57.81, indicating moderate vulnerability, while the mean stunting prevalence was 13.70%. FSI was significantly and inversely associated with stunting (ρ = −0.464; p = 0.003). Poverty emerged as the strongest predictor of stunting (β = 0.458; p = 0.002; adjusted R² = 0.261). Strengthening village food security through targeted poverty reduction should be prioritised to accelerate stunting reduction in PPU Regency.
Factors Associated with Anemia Among Pregnant Women: A Case-Control Study in Madiun Regency, Indonesia Mega Arianti Putri; Riska Ratnawati; Achmad Vindo Galaresa
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 8 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i8.936

Abstract

Anemia is a prevalent health problem among pregnant women in Indonesia, particularly in the working area of Balerejo Community Health Center, Madiun Regency. Anemia during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including low birth weight, preterm birth, and maternal and fetal mortality. The prevalence of anemia in the Balerejo Community Health Center area increased from 27.3% in 2021 to 41.7% in 2024, representing the highest prevalence among community health centers in Madiun Regency. Several factors have been reported to be associated with anemia during pregnancy, including maternal age, adherence to iron supplementation, nutritional status, and dietary patterns.This study employed a quantitative case-control design involving 108 pregnant women, comprising 54 women with anemia in the case group and 54 women without anemia in the control group. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using bivariate and multivariable analyses.Adherence to iron supplementation (p=0.000) and dietary patterns (p=0.005) were significantly associated with anemia. Maternal age (p=0.265) and nutritional status (p=0.533) were not significantly associated with anemia. In the multivariable analysis, adherence to iron supplementation showed the strongest association with anemia (aOR=30.000).Adherence to iron supplementation and dietary patterns were significantly associated with anemia among pregnant women. Non-adherence to iron supplementation showed the strongest association with anemia. However, the magnitude of the observed association (aOR=30.000) should be interpreted cautiously given the relatively small sample size and the potential for residual confounding and measurement bias. Strengthening antenatal counseling, adherence monitoring, and promotion of healthy dietary practices may inform targeted strategies for anemia prevention among pregnant women. Prospective studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these associations and establish temporal relationships.
Factors Associated with Dating Violence among Adolescents Wirdatul Jannah; Lusyta Puri Ardhiyanti; Laily Hanifah; Een Kurnaesih; Dyah Utari
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 9 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i9.958

Abstract

Dating violence among adolescents is a public health problem that continues to increase in Indonesia, South Tangerang is an area with a high incidence rate, recorded as many as 226 cases. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to dating violence among adolescents in South Tangerang in 2025. The study used a mixed methods design with a sequential explanatory approach. Quantitative data were obtained through a survey of 266 adolescents with a purposive sampling technique. The results showed a significant relationship (p<0.05) between age (p=0.019), knowledge (p=0.005), attitude (p=0.009), experience of violence (p=0.0001), social support (p=0.018), length of relationship (p=0.044), relationship inequality (p=0.005), and gender inequality (p=0.0001) with the incidence of dating violence among adolescents in South Tangerang. The most dominant factor in dating violence among adolescents is social support with a POR value of 0.323. Qualitative findings from in-depth interviews revealed that adolescents tended to normalize possessive and controlling behaviors, and that peer social support significantly influenced their decision to exit unhealthy relationships. These findings underscore the critical role of social support as a protective factor against adolescent dating violence and provide empirical evidence for the development of school-based, peer-focused prevention programs that integrate knowledge enhancement, gender-awareness training, and social support strengthening.
Familial Support and Physical Activity Levels among Hypertensive Patients at Primary Healthcare in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study Nurul Khusnul Khotimah; Andi Fahri Syam; Maria Ulfah Ashar
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 9 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i9.972

Abstract

Hypertension remains a significant non-communicable disease in Indonesia, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates. Regular physical activity is a cornerstone of hypertension management, however  patient engagement is often influenced by external factors, most notably the role of family support. This study aims to investigate the relationship between familial support and physical activity levels among hypertensive patients in a primary healthcare setting. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted at the Kassi-Kassi Public Health Center. A total of 113 hypertensive patients were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected via structured questionnaires measuring family support and physical activity levels. Statistical analysis was performed using the gamma test with a significance threshold of p<0.05. The findings indicate that patients who received high levels of family support were more likely to engage in better physical activity. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between familial support and physical activity levels (p=0.001). The Gamma coefficient of 0.806 indicates a strong and statistically significant positive correlation. Familial support is strongly associated with increased physical activity among hypertensive individuals. These results suggest that family-based interventions should be integrated into promotive and preventive programs within primary healthcare facilities to enhance hypertension management.
Vector Contact Prevention Behaviors During Filariasis Mass Drug Administration: 2023 Indonesian Health Survey Ikrimah Nafilata; Yuli Puspita Devi; Roma Yuliana; Aulia Rahman
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 9 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i9.990

Abstract

Filariasis remains a public health problem in Indonesia, where disease control includes mass drug administration (MDA), management of chronic cases, and prevention of contact with mosquito vectors. Vector-contact prevention behaviours should be considered during MDA implementation to support the national goal of eliminating filariasis by 2030. This study aimed to examine vector-contact prevention behaviours associated with positive filariasis cases using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. A cross-sectional design was applied to data from 877,531 respondents across all provinces of Indonesia. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify behavioural factors associated with filariasis positivity. Sleeping without a non-insecticide-treated mosquito net was associated with a higher risk of filariasis (PR = 1.182; 95% CI: 1.138–1.227). Similarly, not using an insecticide-treated mosquito net for less than three years (PR = 1.450; 95% CI: 1.353–1.555), not using one for more than three years (PR = 1.439; 95% CI: 1.336–1.550), and not using mosquito repellent (PR = 1.130; 95% CI: 1.075–1.188) were associated with increased filariasis positivity. The strongest behavioural predictor was not using an insecticide-treated mosquito net for less than three years. Promoting its use in filariasis-endemic areas with Anopheles as the main vector may strengthen MDA implementation. However, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference.

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