Wallacea Plant Protection Journal
The Wallacea Plant Protection Journal is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to disseminating original research and insights on plant protection worldwide, with a focus on tropical plant pests and diseases. The journal provides a platform for scientists, researchers, and practitioners to share their latest findings, innovative approaches, and practical solutions related to plant protection. It covers a wide range of topics, including: Phytopathology – Research on the diversity, biology, ecology, and pathogenicity of fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and other microorganisms associated with plants. – Studies on host–pathogen interactions, mechanisms of infection, plant resistance, and novel diagnostic techniques. Entomology – Studies on insect and mite pests affecting agricultural and horticultural crops, including their taxonomy, biology, ecology, and behavior. – Development of innovative methods for pest surveillance, control, and resistance management. Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPM/IDM) – Environmentally friendly, economically feasible, and socially acceptable approaches to crop protection. – Combination of cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods to minimize reliance on synthetic pesticides. – Case studies, modeling, and evaluation of IPM strategies in different agroecosystems. Biotechnology in Crop Protection – Application of molecular biology, genetic engineering, and biotechnological innovations in understanding and managing plant pests and diseases. – Use of molecular markers, genome editing, and transgenic crops for developing resistance and enhancing plant defense mechanisms. – Exploration of endophytes, bioformulations, and novel biocontrol technologies. Epidemiology of Plant Pests and Diseases – Research on the epidemiology, spread, and outbreak dynamics of plant diseases and pests across diverse agroecological zones. – Modeling and forecasting of epidemics to support early-warning systems and preventive strategies. – Studies on the impacts of climate change, globalization, and land-use patterns on pest and disease dynamics.
Articles
10 Documents
<![CDATA[Laboratory assessment of the consumption rate of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on a mung bean (Vigna radiata)-based artificial diet ]]>
<![CDATA[Sulaeha, Sulaeha]]>;
<![CDATA[Uleng, Andi Nadya Tenri]]>;
<![CDATA[Junaid, Muhammad]]>
<![CDATA[ Wallacea Plant Protection Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University ]]>
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DOI: 10.64128/wppj.v1i1.42067
<![CDATA[Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest in Indonesia. Therefore, limited insect stock is a limiting factor for researchers. The aim of this research rearing insects with mung bean-based as a protein source to modify the composition of the artificial diet. The parameters observed in this research were larva period, larval survival rate, pupal size, sex ratio, pupal-stage longevity, pupal survival rate, fecundity, and nutritional index. The results showed that an artificial diet with mung bean had a significant effect on sex ratio, pupal survival rate, efficiency of conversion of ingestion (ECI) food, efficiency of conversion digested (ECD) food, approximate digestibility (AD) 96,54% 4th instar; 95.45% 5th instar: 88,35% 6th instar, fecundity 307,14 eggs/female, pupal period and significant effect on larval period though instars are longer. Artificial diet-based mung bean had high potential for use in S. frugiperda rearing.]]>
<![CDATA[Beneficial arthropods in the edible amaranth ecosystem during the wet season ]]>
<![CDATA[Aminah, Sri Nur]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdullah, Tamrin]]>;
<![CDATA[Miranda, Rezki]]>;
<![CDATA[Dasmawati, Dasmawati]]>
<![CDATA[ Wallacea Plant Protection Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University ]]>
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DOI: 10.64128/wppj.v1i1.42068
<![CDATA[The edible amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is an important vegetable growing around the world. The famous vegetable plant is known for two types: green and green-red amaranth. The purpose of the research is to study an abundance of beneficial arthropods in the edible amaranth ecosystem using pitfall trap. The study was conducted in the edible amaranth farmers plantation at Kanreapia Village, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi in the wet season from August to December 2022. The pitfall trap was embedded into the ground at the same depth as the soil surface for 24 hours. The position of a pitfall trap in the center and every corner of the plot. The pitfall used five pieces for every plot (total 20 pitfall). The result showed important predator arthropods collected from pitfall traps were divided into two groups: spiders and insects. In this research, the beneficial arthropods are found in similar habitats in the edible amaranth. The highest percentage was Gryllidae such as Gryllus sp. (54.83%). The spiders group from Lycosidae, Lycosa pseudoannulata (25.80%) and from Oxyopidae, Oxyopus sp. (19.35%). The pitfall trap showed the percentage number of Valanga sp. (Acrididae) about 36%.]]>
<![CDATA[Global trend of agricultural precision for plant pathology: Bibliometric study in Scopus database ]]>
<![CDATA[Junaid, Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Taib, Nurlaila S.]]>;
<![CDATA[Sukmawati, Sukmawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Zabrina, Gita]]>
<![CDATA[ Wallacea Plant Protection Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University ]]>
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DOI: 10.64128/wppj.v1i1.42069
<![CDATA[This bibliometric study investigates the global trends in agricultural precision within plant pathology, utilizing data from the Scopus database. This research identifies key research hubs, influential authors, and emerging themes in the domain by analyzing publication patterns, citation metrics, and keyword co-occurrence. The study highlights the increasing integration of advanced technologies such as remote sensing, machine learning, and big data analytics in plant pathology research. The findings underscore the growing emphasis on precision agriculture to enhance disease detection, management, and crop productivity. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners aiming to leverage technological advancements for sustainable agricultural practices.]]>
<![CDATA[Incidence of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) infestation on corn (Zea mays L.) in Enrekang Regency ]]>
<![CDATA[Asrini, Asrini]]>;
<![CDATA[Hikmahwati, Hikmahwati]]>;
<![CDATA[Ardat, Muh. Achyar]]>;
<![CDATA[Suhardi, Suhardi]]>
<![CDATA[ Wallacea Plant Protection Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University ]]>
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DOI: 10.64128/wppj.v1i1.42070
<![CDATA[Corn continues to be a crucial food crop in Indonesia, often serving as a rice substitute. Additionally, it holds strategic importance due to its substantial impact on economic stability. Production in Enrekang Regency has experienced fluctuations. Several factors contribute to declining corn production, one of which is the invasion of new pests that cause severe crop damage, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), known as Fall Armyworm (FAW). The pest targets the plant's growing point, potentially causing shoot failure and stunted growth, leading to reduced corn productivity. Based on this background, research is needed on the pest attack rate. The FAW on corn as part of efforts to monitor its presence. This research was conducted in Enrekang Regency, which collected field data on infestation intensity, and then integrated them with pest damage intensity assessment criteria. The observation found that FAW infestation intensity in the Cendana, Maiwa, and Enrekang Districts of Enrekang Regency ranges from low to moderate. However, the resulting damage is significant, particularly during the vegetative phase of the plants.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of the severity of foot rot disease (Phytophthora sp.) on pomelo (Citrus maxima) in Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi ]]>
<![CDATA[Patandjengi, Baharuddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Kuswinanti, Tutik]]>;
<![CDATA[Fauziah, Nurul]]>
<![CDATA[ Wallacea Plant Protection Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University ]]>
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DOI: 10.64128/wppj.v1i1.42071
<![CDATA[Foot rot disease (FRD) on citrus plants is suspected to be caused by a Phytophthora spp., characterized by yellowish-brown stem discoloration and cracking or peeling bark. FRD spreads rapidly and can be fatal to citrus crops. The purpose of this study was to determine the intensity of FRD on pomelo (Citrus maxima) in Ma'rang, Segeri, and Labakkang Districts, Pangkep Regency. Symptomatic tissues were collected and examined microscopically at the Plant Disease Laboratory at Hasanuddin University. The highest disease intensity was observed in Ma'rang (27%), followed by Labakkang (21%) and Segeri (17%). The study also found that disease intensity was inversely related to light penetration under the canopy. Denser foliage with limited pruning resulted in lower light intensity and higher disease severity. The low intensity of light that enters under the trees canopy of pomelo plantations is affected by tree stands that have relatively denser crowns due to the infrequent pruning of less productive branches.]]>
<![CDATA[DenseNet121 based pest identification in plants ]]>
<![CDATA[Negi, Nisha]]>;
<![CDATA[Singh, Sandeep Kumar]]>
<![CDATA[ Wallacea Plant Protection Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University ]]>
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DOI: 10.64128/wppj.v1i2.46088
<![CDATA[Smart agriculture has benefited greatly from the widespread use of deep learning, which has proven critical to the industry. Reliability of data annotation and poor data quality, on the other hand, will severely limit the performance of intelligent applications because deep learning models are limited by these factors. We approaches, distance-entropy to distinguish the good and bad data from the perspective of information. DenseNet-121 was used as the backbone network and the IP06 dataset was used in trials. The findings highlight the frequency of duplicate data by demonstrating that almost 50% of the dataset has sufficient redundancy to produce test accuracy scores that are comparable. In addition, a thorough examination of representative samples resulted in the development of recommendations for enhancing dataset efficiency. These recommendations provide a useful road map for data-driven smart agriculture research, advancing knowledge and the use of data to advance agricultural innovation and sustainability.]]>
<![CDATA[Importance of red beans in artificial diets for Troides helena (Linnaeus) larvae: A review ]]>
<![CDATA[Aminah, Sri Nur]]>
<![CDATA[ Wallacea Plant Protection Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University ]]>
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DOI: 10.64128/wppj.v1i2.47262
<![CDATA[The common problem in insect artificial diet for Lepidopteran, especially Troides helena (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) larvae is preparing wheat germ to cover the nutritional needs of the insect target. All of the material formulated in the artificial diet has different textures, water content, and nutritional composition compared to the natural diet from the butterflies host plant, Aristolochia leaves. The ability to choose and control the nutritional component of the artificial diet gives the best results for the mass-rearing of insect targets. Larvae of T. helena have been successfully mass-reared in artificial diet-based red beans as a substitute for wheat germ. Artificial diet incorporating red beans or kidney beans have been shown to increase longevity and the successful emergence of the adults from the pupal stage. An artificial diet was given to T. helena larvae from the 2nd instar until they formed a pupal. Previous research showed that T. helena adults, while hatching normally a males, often remained crippling butterflies. In the future, the artificial diet of butterflies is the solution increasing population of insects in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi.]]>
<![CDATA[Environmental and agronomic factors affecting mealybug populations in papaya ]]>
<![CDATA[Fredrick, Albert]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahim, Abdul]]>;
<![CDATA[Adiwena, Muh]]>
<![CDATA[ Wallacea Plant Protection Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University ]]>
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DOI: 10.64128/wppj.v1i2.47965
<![CDATA[Mealybug infestations are a growing concern in tropical horticulture due to their rapid population increase and the significant damage they cause to fruit crops. This research examined the severity of attack and population density of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) on papaya (Carica papaya L.), and analysed their relationship with environmental conditions and cultivation practices in several locations in Tarakan City, North Borneo. The study was conducted from January to April 2025 at seven papaya cultivation sites, including Juata Laut 1–5, Juata Permai, and Karang Harapan. A field survey combined with purposive sampling was applied to assess a minimum of 100 papaya trees over one year old at each site. Data collected included the number of infested trees, mealybug population per plant, types of fertilizers and pesticides used, plant age, and surrounding land conditions. The percentage of trees infested with mealybugs ranged from 25.07% to 38.89%, while the average mealybug population on infested trees ranged from 199.52 to 224.59 individuals per plant. Sites characterized by intensive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides—such as Juata Laut 2 and Juata Laut 4—showed higher infestation levels than those managed with organic practices, such as Juata Permai. Environmental factors, particularly high humidity and inadequate drainage, were also associated with increased mealybug population growth. These findings indicate that environmental conditions and cultivation techniques play a substantial role in shaping the population dynamics of mealybugs. The results highlight the importance of implementing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies that emphasise ecological approaches and environmentally sustainable cultivation practices to mitigate mealybug infestations in humid tropical regions such as Tarakan City.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparative antifungal efficacy of Zinnia elegans and Tithonia diversifolia extracts against Fusarium verticillioides: In-vitro study ]]>
<![CDATA[Asmila, Asmila]]>;
<![CDATA[Azis, Asti Irawanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Ariyanti, Eka Lestari]]>;
<![CDATA[Kumalasari, Ade Sugiarti]]>
<![CDATA[ Wallacea Plant Protection Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University ]]>
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DOI: 10.64128/wppj.v1i2.48421
<![CDATA[Fusarium verticillioides are broad-spectrum pathogens with extensive host ranges and represent a major constraint in agricultural production. Synthetic pesticides are commonly used by farmers to manage Fusarium-induced diseases; however, their intensive application poses serious risks to environmental sustainability and human health. Consequently, the development of eco-friendly disease management strategies is urgently required. Botanical pesticides derived from plant extracts represent a promising alternative. This study evaluated the antifungal effectiveness of Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) and zinnia (Zinnia elegans) extracts at different concentrations against Fusarium wilt. The experiment was conducted from September to December 2024 using a completely randomized design (CRD) with six extract treatments (1800, 3600, and 5400 ppm for each plant species) and an untreated control. Antifungal activity was assessed based on the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition. The results demonstrated that both extract type and concentration significantly affected fungal inhibition (p ≤ 0.05). Extract of Z. elegans at 5400 ppm exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, suppressing Fusarium growth by 32.0%, which was significantly higher than all other treatments. In contrast, T. diversifolia extract showed moderate inhibition, with a maximum of 16.5% inhibition at 5400 ppm. The increasing inhibition with higher concentrations indicates a clear dose-dependent response. These findings highlight the scientific significance of plant-based extracts as natural antifungal agents and demonstrate the superior efficacy of Z. elegans extract at higher concentrations. Overall, this study underscores the strong potential of zinnia-based extracts as eco-friendly biofungicide candidates for sustainable management of Fusarium wilt diseases.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of lime (Citrus × aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle) and kaffir lime leaves (Citrus hystrix DC.) powders on the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) ]]>
<![CDATA[Anggriani, Binti Nur]]>;
<![CDATA[Rosmana, Ade]]>;
<![CDATA[Mario, M. Bayu]]>;
<![CDATA[Syahrani, Wardani]]>;
<![CDATA[Gassa, Ahdin]]>
<![CDATA[ Wallacea Plant Protection Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University ]]>
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DOI: 10.64128/wppj.v1i2.48521
<![CDATA[One of the secondary pests of stored rice is Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Damage caused by this insect includes fungal contamination and the release of benzoquinone-containing secretions, which may pose health risks to humans. Postharvest pest control commonly relies on synthetic fumigant insecticides, yet their use is associated with environmental and health concerns. Plant-derived fumigants offer a more eco-friendly alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the fumigant effects of plant powders from lime (Citrus × aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) and kaffir lime leaves (Citrus hystrix DC.) on the mortality of T. castaneum adult. The experiment employed a untreated, lime leaves, kaffir lime leaves, and a combination of lime + kaffir lime leaves with five replications. Adult mortality was recorded from 3 to 30 days after treatment. Results indicated that by the final observation on day 30, treatment effects were most distinct. Lime leaves (25.67%) and kaffir lime leaves (27.44%) produced significantly higher mortality than both the untreated and the combined treatment (F₃,₁₉ = 0.83, P < 0.05). The combined treatment resulted in only 17.67% mortality, indicating no synergistic effect between the two leaves powders. Mortality in the untreated group remained below 14% throughout the experiment. Lime and kaffir lime leaves, when used individually, exhibit promising fumigant activity against T. castaneum and may serve as potential botanical alternatives for postharvest pest management.]]>
