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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 928 Documents
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Low Knowledge and Unawareness of the Health Promotion as the Determinant Factors in Non-Compliance to the Mass Drug Administration Program Annashr, Nissa Noor; Amalia, Icca Stella; Dinh, Hoa Thi Phuong
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

From the total population of the community in Kuningan District, 78.61% were taking filariasis drugs in the Mass Drug Administration (MDA) program in 2017. Cilimus Subdistrict became a filariasis-endemic area in Kuningan with 72.39% of the MDA program coverage in 2017 (government target >86%). The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinant factors of compliance with the MDA program. The study was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design and conducted from May to June 2018. The sample of 106 people was taken from the population living in Cilimus Subdistrict, Kuningan District, using a simple random sampling technique. Independent variables were collected by a constructed questionnaire included age, education level, knowledge, attitude, health promotion, and family support. A questionnaire also measured compliance with MDA as a dependent variable. Data analysis consisted of univariate, bivariate (chi-square and Fisher exact test), and multivariate analyses (multiple logistic regression). The results showed that the variables of knowledge, attitude, MDA health promotion, and family support influence compliance with the MDA (p-value < 0.05). Low knowledge and unawareness of the MDA health promotion proved to be the dominant factors in non-compliance with the MDA program.
Patterns and Determinants of Open Defecation among Urban People Yulyani, Vera; Febriani, Christin Angelina; MS, Shaharuddin; Hermawan, Dessy
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 1
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Abstract

At the present time, an estimated of 673 million people defecate in the open space, not in private. Indonesia is a densely populated country with a lot of open defecation (OD) both in urban (37%) and rural areas (43%). Tanjung Karang Pusat Subdistrict is an area in Bandar Lampung City with the highest percentage of OD practice (45%). This study aimed to explore and explain the patterns and determinants of OD among urban people in the Tanjung Karang Pusat Subdistrict in- volving 377 respondents for quantitative analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using the chi square and regression analysis. After controlling the economic status and education level variables, the data revealed that urban communities were still practicing OD (23.3%) with land ownership, latrine ownership, conative attitude, and occupation as influential factors. Statistical test results showed that the most influential factor in the behavior of OD in the community was latrine ownership (p-value <0.001, OR adj = 58.2). These findings suggested that stakeholders must take action on landowners who do not allow sanitation facilities to be built on their land.
Risk Perception for Developing Erectile Dysfunction among Malaysian Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mohamad, Anuar; Tohid, Hizlinda; Ahmad, Saharuddin; Tong, Seng Fah; Ahmad, Mahadir
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 1
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Abstract

Risk perception for developing erectile dysfunction (ED) is an appreciation of the susceptibility to having ED and its severity. This study examined this risk perception and its associated factors among 180 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who claimed not to have ED. This cross sectional study was conducted at a public health clinic using a validated self-administered questionnaire, which assessed participant characteristics, perceived susceptibility to developing ED, perceived severity of ED, and knowledge on risk factors for ED. About 71.1% had an inaccurate perception of susceptibility to developing ED and their perception on its severity was moderate (median (IQR) score: 10.0 (6.0); range score: 3–15; midpoint: 9). In multiple linear regression, having ED symptoms (p-value < 0.001) and secondary (p-value = 0.045) or tertiary education (p-value: 0.022) significantly contributed to a higher perception of susceptibility. A higher perception of severity was significantly found in Malays (p-value < 0.001), the employed (p-value = 0.026), and those with better knowledge on risk factors for ED (p-value < 0.001). Risk perception for developing ED among men with T2DM appears poor and it was significantly influenced by sociocultural factors, educational attainment, ED symptoms, and knowledge on risk factors for ED. Thus, to improve their risk perception, they should be provided appropriate counseling and education.
Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices of Female Healthcare Workers in Jakarta, Indonesia Rapingah, Siti; Muhani, Nova; Besral, Besral; Yuniar, Poppy
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 1
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Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that mothers worldwide exclusively breastfeed their infants for the child's first six months to achieve optimal growth, development, and health. Indonesia had not fulfilled the global standard of breastfeeding rate so that there was low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in East Jakarta, especially for female healthcare workers. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices of healthcare workers. This was a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design. The recruited sample consisted of 85 female public health center workers with infants aged 6-24 months. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. The results showed that the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding was 54.1%. Variables associated with exclusive breastfeeding were knowledge, attitude, family support, co-worker support, and healthcare worker support. Multivariate analysis showed that knowledge and age were the dominant factors of exclusive breastfeeding practices with an odds ratio (OR) adjusted OR of 14 and 5, re¬spectively. Knowledge was an influential factor in the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, creating a training program related to breastfeeding would be expected to improve knowledge. Besides, a supportive policy such as providing breastfeeding facilities was needed.
The Essence of Telemedicine for Bridging the Gap in Health Services Wiweko, Budi; Zakirah, Sarah Chairani; Luthfi, Atha
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 2
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Abstract

This study aimed to review the essence of telemedicine in this modern era of technology and innovation, especially in developing countries. It also investigated the regulation aspect as the main component for healthcare services. There were five main categories of telemedicine: revenue stream and technology literacy, health facilities, human resources, data authorization and security, and health protocol. Furthermore, when combined with wearable devices, it enhanced healthcare delivery opportunities. There were two major components of global electronic health, namely telehealth and health informatics, based one-commerce and e-learning systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been able to describe the roles of telehealth services in developing countries.However, some related issues were needed to be well managed, such as the patient data security. It was found that the regular training and evaluation of people with poor educational background, low income, and stress were the main reasons most communities attend healthcare services despite mild sickness.Therefore, those need to be enlightened on the roles and importance of telehealth services.
The Determinants of Stunting for Children Aged 24-59 Months in Kulon Progo District 2019 Hendraswari, Chatrine Aprilia; Purnamaningrum, Yuliasti Eka; Maryani, Tri; Widyastuti, Yani; Harith, Sakinah
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 2
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Abstract

This study pertains to stunting in children in Indonesian with z-scores of less than -2 Standard Deviation (SD) and less than -3 SD. The preliminary study results showed the highest prevalence of stunting to be 22.6%, at the Temon II Primary Health Care in Kulon Progo District. The study aimed to assess the determinants of stunting children aged 24–59 months. This study was conducted from September 2018–May 2019. The design of this study was analytical observational with study design case-control. The sample was 60 children aged 24–59 months. The method utilized proportional sampling, whereas the data analysis applied chi-square and logistic regression.The analysis of statistical tests showed a significant correlation between the stunting children and energy intake factor (p-value = 0.030; α = 0.05; CI = 95%). Risk factors were energy intake, protein intake, suffering from acute respiratory tract infections, and suffering diarrhea. A non-risk factor was immunization status. Protective factors were access to clean water and the history of exclusive breastfeeding. The most influential factor for stunting children aged 24–59 months was energy intake.
A Path Analysis Model for Explaining the Factors Influencing Wearing a Mask among Commuting Workers Using Commuter Line Bogor-Jakarta Kusmawan, David; Andari, Shofi; Gustina, Ira; Susilowati, Indri Hapsari; Wirawan, Mufti
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 2
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Abstract

Jakarta is one of the most air-polluted cities in the world, which can increase the health risk of commuting workers exposed to pollutants. This study aimed to determine the factors that directly and indirectly affect healthy behavior (wearing a mask) for commuters using the Bogor-Jakarta Commuter Line. Furthermore, a total of 155 respondents participated and the data collected were analyzed using descriptive and path analysis. The commuters aware of the hazard potential related to air pollution during commuting were 137 people (88.4%). While 104 people (67.1%) were aware of the good perception of pollution and 125 uses masks during commuting (80.6%). The healthy behavior in commuting workers using Commuter Line was affected by some factors, both directly and indirectly. The knowledge and commuting experience toward healthy behavior were two variables that significantly influenced on healthy behavior. The knowledge was also the only mediated variable with a significant indirect effect of education on healthy behavior.
Empowering Health Cadres to Support Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) Patient to Enroll in Treatment Febriani, Esty; Wibowo, Adik; Kak, Neeraj; Jassim Al Mossawi, Hala
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 2
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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a big challenge globally, while the involvement of health cadres’ constitutes one of the key strategies for the TB program in Indonesia. These roles were further expanded to providing support to DR-TB patients. This study was a qualitative study, conducted in 2015 to explore the various factors which influence the performance of health cadres’ in supporting DR-TB patients to enroll in treatment. A total of 39 informants consisting of 24 health cadres, three nurses, four DR-TB patients, and three family members, two peer support, a head of primary health care, and two TB staffs from the District Health Office were recruited for this study. Meanwhile, a refresher training for health cadres was conducted regarding knowledge on TB, community support, effective communication, as well as patient tracing. There was no significant difference in the pre and post-test results; however the health cadres showed great capability in communicating and assessing the condition of patients. In addition, the health cadres assisted in carrying out patient tracing process, an important initial step to better understand patients' overall condition and identify problems faced while seeking treatment. Health cadres need to work with various parties such as family members, close relative to the patient, peer support groups, and nurses to encourage patients to enroll in treatment.
National Health Insurance Scheme: Internal and External Barriers in the Use of Reproductive Health Services among Women Martha, Evi; Lestari, Herna; Zulfa, Resvi Siti; Sopamena, Yoslien
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 2
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Abstract

Lack of familiarity among the community, medical workers, and administrative staff regarding reproductive health services covered by Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) or the National Health Insurance (NHI) in Indonesia remained a problem. Therefore, this resulted in sub-optimal use of the medical services, as shown by surveys from the Women's Health Foundation for three consecutive years (2015-2017). This qualitative study was conducted with a Rapid Assessment Procedure design in three cities within Indonesia: Padang Pariaman, Manado, and Kupang. Data were collected through IDIs (n = 47informants) and 6 FGDs (7 persons/group). Participants also consisted of NHI RHS users (mothers and young women), administrative officers at health facilities, medical services providers, and officials related to the NHI assistance. Data were managed using NVivo version 2.0 software, accompanied by thematic analysis. The internal barriers in NHI use included inadequate knowledge of RHS covered by NHI, and a culture of shame in informants. External barriers included additional costs for medicines not covered by NHI, the dissatisfaction of health services provided by medical workers, busy work and household activities, and lack of women's role in decision-making within families, which related to reproductive wellness.
Prevalence and Determinants of Pre-lacteal Feeding: Insights from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey Nurokhmah, Siti; Masitoh, Siti; Werdani, Kusuma Estu
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 2
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Abstract

Pre-lacteal feeding is widely known as a distraction to exclusive breastfeeding, and the malpractice continues to be prevalent in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential determinants of pre-lacteal feeding among mothers of infants below 24 months. A sample of 6,455 mother-infant pairs from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) was used. Also, multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with pre-lacteal feeding practice. In Indonesia, 44% of infants were introduced to solid/liquid feeds in their first three days of life. Infant formula was the most common pre-lacteal feed given, followed by any other milk, plain and sugar water, and honey. Early initiation of breastfeeding and living in an urban area was protective method against pre-lacteal feeding (AOR: 0.24; 95%CI: 0.21-0.28; AOR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.65-0.90, respectively), while cesarean delivery acted as arisk factor (AOR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.14-1.63). Meanwhile, gender role attitude, parity, perceived birth size, and household wealth index was also associated with pre-lacteal feeding. Overall, the percentage of mothers introducing pre-lacteal feeds was still high. The modifiable covariates associated with pre-lacteal feedings, such as early initiation of breastfeeding, parity, and birth size, were the major factors discouraging this practice.

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