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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 928 Documents
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The Effect of Smoking on Carbon Monoxide Respiration among Active Smokers in Palembang City, Indonesia Sitorus, Rico Januar; Purba, Imelda Gernauli; Natalia, Merry; Tantrakarnapa, Kraichat
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Smoking leads to disease and disability as well as harm nearly every organ of the body. Furthermore, smoking of tobacco is known to cause pulmonary dysfunction and lead to complications, pain, or even death. This study aimed to measure the risk factors for the respiration of carbon monoxide among smokers. A cross-sectional design was implemented by involving 156 smokers in Karyajaya Subdistrict, Palembang City. The dependent variable was carbon monoxide levels (ppm), while the independent variables were smoking frequency, duration, and the last period of smoking. The carbon monoxide levels (ppm) measured with a PiCO + Smokerlyzer® device from Bedfont Scientific Limited were the research tool and the independent variables of the questionnaire. The Pearson Correlation and multiple linear regression were used for the analysis. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed that smoking duration assessment is related to carbon monoxide respiration after controlling smoking frequency, the last period of smoking, and the distance of residence to sources of exposure. The smoker's respiration of carbon monoxide level was 72.5% influenced by the duration, frequency, last period of smoking, and distance of residence to sources of exposure. Reducing the frequency of smoking and stopping may prevent and control carbon monoxide respiration.
The Significance of Super Depo Sutorejo: Waste Management Project in Surabaya Municipality, Indonesia Windi, Yohanes Kambaru; Wijayanti, Dyah; Wiyatno, Eko Rustamaji; Rahariyani, Loetfia Dwi
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 2
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Abstract

The Super Depo Sutorejo Surabaya (SDSS) Project was created to separate household waste into fractions, but its separation effect is unknown. This study assessed the significance of the project in sorting general waste into biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and assorted. The t-test compared the means of general and biodegradable waste (normally distributed). The non-biodegradable and assorted waste were not significantly distributed; therefore, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to compare their medians against general waste. The multivariate analysis compared the significance level of each waste fraction. Each statistical analysis showed that the SDSS significantly sorts the general waste. The p-values were (0.000) <0.05 for each type of waste fraction. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis showed that all variables were similar, and p-values (0.00) <0.05. The biodegradable waste was the most significant fraction (M = 176,715.9; SD = 57,990.8), followed by the assorted (M = 171,412.5; SD = 94,631.3), and non-biodegradable (M = 35,243.8; SD = 17,290.7). The results showed that the SDSS significantly segregates general waste into biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and assorted, therefore hypothesis (H1) is accepted. This study recommends the Government of Surabaya to maintain and expand this waste management project throughout the city alongside the improvement of the community participation program.
Attitudes Concerning Sexual Behavior towards Risky Sexual Behavior of Sexual Transmitted Infections among Male Adolescents in Indonesia Helda, Helda; Muchlisa, Nurul
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 2
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Abstract

There has been an increase of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV/AIDS worldwide, especially in Indonesia. Several studies on adolescent behavior, especially the male as the main predictor, reported increased in STIs’ cases due to risky sexual behavior. This study aimed to show the relationship between attitudes, sexual behavior, and the risks of STIs among male adolescents in Indonesia based on the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data in 2017. This cross-sectional study involved 10,547 male adolescents using the total sampling method according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using a complex sample logistic regression test. This study was found that the proportion of risky sexual behavior of STIs was10% of which 29.8% agreeable attitude male adolescents. Agreeable attitude male adolescents were found able to improve the risk of engaging in risky sexual behaviors of STIs (p-value = 0.018; prevalence odd ratio (POR) = 1.135). The male adolescents who had an agreeable attitude towards sexual behavior could improve the risk of having risky sexual behavior of STIs 1,135 times; however, the attitude variable was not necessarily a major risk factor for the risky sexual behavior of STIs. Knowledge and education were not related to the risky sexual behavior of STIs.
Inter-related Factors Influencing Sexual Quality of Life among Women Living with HIV in Banten Province, Indonesia: A Mixed Methods Study Juliastuti, Dyah; Dean, Judith; Afiyanti, Yati; Fitzgerald, Lisa
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 2
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Abstract

Socio-cultural concerns often restrict women's sexual rights and well-being living with HIV (WLHIV) in developing countries. These convergent parallel mixed methods study combined quantitative and qualitative approaches to explore factors influencing WLHIV sexual quality of life in Banten Province, Indonesia. A 2017 cross-sectional survey of 207 reproductive-aged WLHIV was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression statistics. Furthermore, in-depth interviews with a sub-sample of survey participants (n = 30) were thematically analyzed. Most of the women (60%) involved reported loss of sexual pleasure and depressed sexual life. Meanwhile, 48% affirmed low sexual quality of life which was associated with unemployment (aOR = 2.90, and 95%CI =1.51–5.58), limited sexual activities (aOR = 2.89, and 95%CI = 1.20–6.93), living with extended family (aOR = 2.68, and 95%CI = 1.27–5.65), and experiencing intimate partner violence (aOR = 2.28, and 95%CI = 1.03–5.03). The respondents described unsatisfactory sexual life in a belief that having sex is a wife's duty and choosing not to talk about sexual issues or refuse sexual invitation in fear of triggering intimate partner violence. Inter-related personal, social, cultural, and religious factors affected the sufferers’ sexual life.
Accelerating the Provision of Safe Water Supply in Urban and Rural Areas of Indonesia Sutomo, Sumengen; Sagala, Salord; Sutomo, Bebi; Winarti, Sri; Sanjaya, Gelant
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 3
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Abstract

Over the past 100 years, the provision of a safe water supply to drink in Indonesia has been slowly progressed with low coverage. The majority of the population does not have access to safe water. Morbidity and mortality of water-related diseases, including diarrhea, are very high. The provision of safe water is not a technological issue but good water management that comprises content, institutional, and communication layer. This paper provided information for strategic and operational decisions to accelerate the provision of safe water services in urban and rural areas. Benchmarking good water management with the characteristics of the water supply location is required to improve the health status of the population, mainly the poor urban and rural areas with limited resources, including time and cost.
Association between Self-Reported Fatigue and Sarcopenia Measures among Elderly in Selangor, Malaysia Justine, Maria; Latir, Aliff; Noor, Nadhirah; Joanny, Angelbeth; Iskandar, Izzaty; Amirul Faizi, Maisarah Sakinah; Edinan, Dzulhelmi
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 3
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The association between fatigue and sarcopenia is not well understood, therefore, this study aimed to compare the sarcopenia measures among elderly with mild and severe fatigue and to determine whether fatigue severity is associated with sarcopenia measures. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on201 elderly (age = 68.45±6.30 years). The elderly was classified into either mild or severe fatigue based on the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), meanwhile, sarcopenia measures include SARC-F score, muscle mass (ASM/height2), calf circumference (CC), upper (handgrip) and lower limb muscle strength, as well as physical performance (gait speed). Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and logistic regression. The results showed that elderly with severe fatigue were significantly older, with lower muscle strength, and slower gait speed (all p-value <0.05). After adjusting for age, fatigue severity remained significantly associated with SARC-F score (OR = 1.583, 95% CI = 1.262-1.986, p-value = 0.001) and CC (OR = 1.103, 95% CI = 1.014-1.200, p-value = 0.022). Moreover,when the SARC-F score was removed from the regression model, fatigue severity was significantly associated with CC (OR = 1.088, 95% CI = 1.006-1.178, p-value = 0.036) and gait speed (OR = 0.011, 95% CI = 0.001-0.168, p-value = 0.001). Based on the results, fatigue severity is associated with SARC-F score, CC, and gait speed, therefore, interventions targeted at sarcopenia measures is recommended to optimize physical endurance in the elderly.
The Indonesian Strategy to Achieve Universal Health Coverage through National Health Insurance System: Challenges in Human Resources Adyas, Atikah
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 4
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Abstract

Many countries are currently trying to achieve universal health insurance coverage in order to provide health protection for their population. Indonesia has received a strong political commitment to implement national health insurance including government support to finance the poor. The implementation of comprehensive national health insurance requires human resources, each of which has a role in fighting for noble goals for the welfare of all people. This paper is taken from the experience of Indonesia and several other countries as well as guidelines that can be used in exploring the role of human resources for the success of the implementation of national health insurance.
Mental Fatigue and Its Associated Factors among Coal Mining Workers after One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia Djamalus, Hendra; Utomo, Budi; Djaja, I Made; Nasri, Sjahrul M
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 4
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Mental fatigue among coal mining operators was related to driving activities that require high concentration. This study aimed to determine factors that contributed to mental fatigue among coal mine operators in Indonesia, specifically in Kalimantan and Sumatra, after a one-year COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 480 operators from two companies and seven sites. A self-administrated questionnaire in the Google Form was used to measure mental fatigue, the non-work-related factors (age, education, marital status, residence, and stress level), and work-related factors (working periods, shift pattern, type of shift, and work area in mining). The data analyzed using Chi-square and binomial logistic regression showed that the prevalence of mental fatigue was 32.3%. Operators with moderate stress and working in the pit area demonstrated a significant association with mental fatigue (p-va lue<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that medium stress (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.41-3.15) and working in the pit (AOR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.45-3.57) had a positive association with mental fatigue. Thus, the pit condition and stress levels were the dominant factors influencing mental fatigue and became points to manage mental fatigue in coal mining operators in Kalimantan and Sumatra.
The COVID-19 Pandemic: Role of Coping Humor and Internal Health Locus of Control on Social Dysfunction and Anxiety & Depression Sumantri, Muhammad Arief; Zahrani, Zahrani; Ainiyah, Hilda Rosa; Idham, Azmul Fuady
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 4
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The concerns about the impact of social distancing on mental health have been widely discussed. This study aimed to know the predictive effect of coping humor and Internal Health Locus of Control (Internal HLoC) on social dysfunction and anxiety & depression during the implementation of the COVID-19 social distancing agenda. This study was also intended to assess the effect of humor content on coping humor. A quantitative approach was used as the method ofthe study with 243 online-recruited participants, and a PLS-SEM analysis was applied to find out the predictive effect in this study. The results and conclusions showed that anxiety & depression predict social dysfunction (β = 0.584, t-value = 11.93, f2 = 0.563). It was found that coping humor was able to directly increase the Internal HLoC (β = 0.187, t-value = 2.60, f2 = 0.036) and indirectly decrease social dysfunction (β = -0.144, t-value = 2.85) and anxiety & depression (β = -0.070, t-value = 2.42). Humor content unrelated to the issue of COVID-19 directly increase the coping-humor level (β = 0.266, t-value = 4.13,f2= 0.076), and indirectly increase Internal HLoC (β = 0.050, t-value = 2.07), and decrease anxiety & depression level (β = -0.046, t-value = 2.20). On theother hand, Internal HLoC directly decrease levels of social dysfunction (β = -0.233, t-value = 4.126, f2 = 0.089) and anxiety & depression (β = -0.373, t-value= 7.84, f2 = 0.161).
Breastfeeding Knowledge and Behavior in Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) as a Natural Contraceptive Mufdlilah, Mufdlilah; Johan, Reza Bintangdari; Ningsih, Sri Ratna
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 4
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Abstract

The lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) is a natural contraceptive that is highly effective after the three essential criteria are fulfilled. However, there is a significantly low adoption resulting from poor knowledge and correct practices. This study aimed to determine the correlation between knowledge and behavior of breastfeeding mothers on breastfeeding as a natural contraceptive. This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design involving 89 breastfeeding mothers and was performed from January to March 2018. Furthermore, data were collected using a questionnaire, and the results showed knowledge of breastfeeding mothers to be good (59.6%) and not good (51.7%). However, the individual’s behavior towards the implementation of LAM was not good (48.3%) and good (40.4%). Based on the statistical test, there was a correlation between knowledge and behavior of breastfeeding mothers, with a p-value of 0.006 (OR = 3.463; 95% CI = 1.411 – 8.498). In brief, knowledge of LAM amongst the participants is good, despite the poor application in terms of behavior. Also, a relationship was also established between the knowledge and behavior of breastfeeding mothers as a natural contraceptive.

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