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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 928 Documents
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Dimensi Mutu Pelayanan Kebidanan terhadap Kepuasan Pasien Program Jampersal Susmaneli, Herlina; Triana, Ani
Kesmas Vol. 8, No. 8
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Dalam rangka menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan angka kematian bayi untuk pencapaian Millennium Development Goals, ditetapkan kebijakan bahwa setiap ibu yang melahirkan, biaya persalinannya ditanggung oleh pemerintah melalui Program Jampersal, namun dalam pelaksanaannya masih ditemukan ketidakpuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan kebidanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dimensi mutu pelayanan kebidanan terhadap kepuasan pasien program Jampersal meliputi keandalan bidan, ketanggapan bidan, jaminan bidan, empati dan bukti langsung. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUD Rokan Hulu dengan populasi semua pengguna Jampersal yaitu sebanyak 92 orang dan pada penelitian ini seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan data primer dan data sekunder. Dilakukan analisis data yaitu analisis univariat, analisis bivariat (kai kuadrat) dan analisis multivariat (regresi logistik ganda). Proporsi pasien program Jampersal yang memiliki kepuasan terhadap mutu pelayanan kebidanan sebanyak 67 orang (72,8%) dari 92 sampel. Variabel independen dengan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kepuasan pasien program Jampersal adalah variabel bukti langsung dengan nilai p < 0,05 (0,003). In order to reduce maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate, in achieving the Millennium Development Goals set policy, that every mother who gave birth, her labor costs borne by the government through assurance of delivery program, but in practice still found dissatisfaction of patients to obstetric care. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the quality dimensions of midwifery care on patient satisfaction assurance of delivery program include reliability midwife, responsiveness midwife, assurance midwife, and direct tangible. This study was conducted in Rokan Hulu District General Hospital with a population assurance of delivery all users and as Dimensi Mutu Pelayanan Kebidanan terhadap Kepuasan Pasien Program Jampersal Quality Dimensions of Midwifery Care on Patient Satisfaction Jampersal (Delivery Assurance) Program Herlina Susmaneli, Ani Triana many as 92 people on the entire study population sampled. This study used a cross sectional design. The data was collected primary data and secondary data. Data analysis is performed univariate, bivariate analysis (chisquare) and multivariate analysis (Multiple Logistic Regression). The proportion of patients who had an assurance of delivery program satisfaction with the quality of obstetric care by 72.8%. Independent variables with significant association with patient satisfaction assurance of delivery is a concrete manifestation of variables with p value < 0.05 (0.003).
Gangguan Pendengaran dan Keseimbangan pada Penderita Tuberkulosis yang Mendapat Pengobatan Antituberkulosis Kategori 1 dan 2 Adriztina, Indri; Adnan, Adlin; Haryuna, Siti Hajar; Siagian, Parluhutan; Sarumpaet, Sorimuda
Kesmas Vol. 8, No. 8
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Abstract

Tuberkulosis merupakan masalah yang serius di masyarakat. Pada tahun 2010, World Health Organization mencatat jumlah penderita tuberkulosis di Indonesia menurun ke posisi empat dengan meningkatnya keberhasilan pengobatan obat antituberkulosis (OAT). Namun, pemberian OAT jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan efek samping ototoksik berupa gangguan pendengaran dan keseimbangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek ototoksik pada penderita tuberkulosis paru dengan pemberian OAT di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Analisis univariat dilakukan dengan tabel frekuensi distribusi sedangkan analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t dan Fisher’s exact test. Didapatkan 35 penderita tuberkulosis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, 22 orang dengan pengobatan tuberkulosis kategori 1 dan 13 orang tuberkulosis kategori 2. Dilakukan pemeriksaan audiometri nada murni dan tes keseimbangan. Tiga orang (33,3%) penderita tuberkulosis kategori 1 dan 6 orang (66,7%) penderita tuberkulosis kategori 2 mengalami gangguan pendengaran (p < 0,05). Hasil tes keseimbangan menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan yaitu 7 orang (100%) tuberkulosis kategori 2 dengan positif tes Romberg dan 11 orang (100%) tuberkulosis kategori 2 positif tes tandem Romberg. Gangguan pendengaran dan keseimbangan pada penderita tuberkulosis paru dengan OAT ditemukan lebih tinggi pada kategori 2 dibandingkan dengan kategori 1 dengan perbedaan yang signifikan. Tuberculosis remains a serious problem in the community. In 2010, World Health Organization report that Indonesia’s ranking decrease to fourth position due to success of antituberculosis treatment. But the long term administration of antituberculosis treatment may cause ototoxic effect like hearing and balance impairment. The aim of this study was to describe ototoxic effect of subjects who were given tuberculosis treatment in H. Adam Artikel Penelitian Gangguan Pendengaran dan Keseimbangan pada Penderita Tuberkulosis yang Mendapat Pengobatan Antituberkulosis Kategori 1 dan 2 Hearing and Balance Impairment in Tuberculosis Patient with Category 1st and 2nd Antituberculosis Treatment Indri Adriztina* Adlin Adnan* Siti Hajar Haryuna* Parluhutan Siagian** Sorimuda Sarumpaet*** 430 Malik General Hospital. This is a descriptive study with cross sectional approach. Univariat analysis was done by frequency distribution table, meanwhile bivariat analysis was done by t-test and Fisher’s exact test. Thirty five pulmonary tuberculosis patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty two patients with 1st category, and 13 patients with 2nd category tuberculosis treatment. Pure tone audiometric and balance examination was evaluated. Three patients (33.3%) of 1st category tuberculosis and 6 (66.7%) patients of 2nd category tuberculosis have hearing loss with significant difference (p<0.05). Balance test showed 7 people (100%) of 2nd category tuberculosis having positive Romberg test and 11 people (100%) of 2nd category tuberculosis having positive tandem Romberg test. Hearing and balance impairment found higher in patients with 2nd category antituberculosis treatment with significantly different.
Surveilans Aedes aegypti di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue Sunaryo, Sunaryo; Pramestuti, Nova
Kesmas Vol. 8, No. 8
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Abstract

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) perlu mendapat perhatian serius karena masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia dan di beberapa daerah masih sering terjadi kejadian luar biasa. Di Jawa Tengah, kasus DBD cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya terutama pada tahun 2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis parameter entomologi dan menggambarkan jenis tempat penampungan air. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Grobogan, Purbalingga, Kendal dan Kota Semarang pada bulan Juni _ Oktober 2013 dengan desain potong lintang. Survei jentik dilakukan untuk melihat keberadaan tempat penampungan air pada 100 rumah. Masing-masing kabupaten dipilih tiga lokasi desa endemis DBD. Hasil survei digunakan untuk menghitung nilai parameter entomologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya kasus DBD di empat kabupaten/kota terkait dengan keberadaan vektor A. aegypti. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan masih tingginya persentase jumlah rumah yang ditemukan jentik A. aegypti (House Index > 10%) serta tingginya jumlah kontainer ditemukan jentik A. aegypti pada rumah yang dilakukan survei (Breteau Index). Nilai ovitrap index paling tinggi di Desa Kalikabong Kabupaten Purbalingga seesar 40%. Proporsi controllable site lebih banyak daripada disposable site, berarti rumah tersebut berisiko tinggi sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) needs serious attention because it is still a health problem in Indonesia and in recent area DHF caused outbreak. In Central Java, incidence of DHF high every years, especially in 2012. This study aimed to analyze the parameters of entomology and describe types of containers. The study was conducted in Grobogan, Purbalingga, Kendal District and Semarang City in June _ October 2013 with cross-sectional design. Larvae survey had been done in 100 houses in three villages that endemic DHF at every district/city. The survey results are used to calculate parameter entomology. The results showed that existance of DHF cases in Surveilans Aedes aegypti di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue Aedes aegypti Surveillance in Endemic Area of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Sunaryo, Nova Pramestuti four district/city connected with the population of A. aegypti. This matter proved with high percentage of houses that found A. aegypti (House Index > 10%) and the high of container that containing A. aegypti in every houses (Breteau Index). The high of ovitrap index (OI) was 40% in Kalikabong village, Purbalingga district. The proportion of controllable sites more than disposable sites, meaning the house as the high risk of mosquito breeding sites.
Hygiene and Sanitation Challenge for COVID-19 Prevention in Indonesia Purnama, Sang Gede; Susanna, Dewi
Kesmas Vol. 15, No. 5
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Abstract

The case of COVID-19 in Indonesia continues to increase, transmitted directly and indirectly. Hygiene and sanitation approaches are needed for prevention. The purpose of this review is to review how the transmission COVID-19, the challenges of Indonesia, and the policy of COVID-19 prevention with hygiene and sanitation approaches. The results show Indonesia's challenges namely urban area density, air pollution, and smokers, low hand washing habits, low ac- cess to clean water and drinking water, open defecation behavior, limited personal protective equipment. COVID-19 control policy with the hygiene sanitation approach is carried out with 4 factors namely personal protect equipment, health education, personal hygiene, and sanitation.
COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate and Detection Ability in Indonesia Sipahutar, Tiopan; Eryando, Tris
Kesmas Vol. 15, No. 5
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Abstract

The world is currently experiencing a COVID-19 pandemic. More than 5 million people have been infected with COVID-19 and more than 300 thousand have died from this virus worldwide. In Indonesia, the number of infected people has reached more than twenty thousand people and more than one thousand people have died from this virus. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Case Fatality Rate (CFR) was a very important measure for many people because death is very important to each person, including questions of when and how death will occur and whether there is any way to delay it. However, caution is needed in calculating and displaying CFR. This paper will present the uses and the weaknesses of CFR in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.
Innovative Work Shift for Health Workers in the Health Service Providers in Handling COVID-19 Cases Iswanto, Acim Heri
Kesmas Vol. 15, No. 5
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Abstract

Working on shifts has the risk of being exposed to health problems, such as obesity and susceptibility to infections and hypertension. However, shift work is unavoidable for workers in sectors that require non-stop operations, such as health workers in the Health Service Providers. This article presented opinion about an optimal shift rotation pattern in reducing the health risks of shift health workers while increasing the effectiveness of the treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19) cases. In general, today’s pattern of shift work for health workers is schemed in the eight-day cycle, in which employees work two days in the morning service for seven hours, two days in the evening service for seven hours, and another two days in the night service for ten hours, then followed by two days off. This pattern has the potential to cause burnout and decrease reaction time. The article identifies a new work shift pattern that can accommodate the risk of burnout while simultaneously assisting in the emergency of the corona outbreak. It emphasises the Morning-Evening-Night-Holiday work pattern as an innovative work model that should replace the old work pattern. There are seven advantages of the new work pattern: biological balance, availability of transportation, rapid recovery, reduced risk of COVID-19 transmission, increased patient satisfaction, increased self-control, and improved performance.
Challenges for Indonesia Zero Hunger Agenda in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic Paramashanti, Bunga Astria
Kesmas Vol. 15, No. 5
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Abstract

The rapid spread of COVID-19 has not only threatened the lives of the infected people but also socially and economically affected a broader community. The pandemic has also challenged the second goal of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to eliminate all the forms of hunger by 2030. The most disadvantaged people may have a greater risk of having malnutrition and poor health as they cannot access a diet that is safe, nutritious, affordable, and sustainable. At this moment, saving lives by focusing on the health-care system should not be the only priority; the emphasis should be made in other essential aspects, including agri-food sector, in order not to cause any additional burden of hunger, malnutrition, and overall health.
Acceleration of Telemedicine Use for Chronic Neurological Disease Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Case Series Study Pinzon, Rizaldy; Paramitha, Dessy; Wijaya, Vincent Ongko
Kesmas Vol. 15, No. 5
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Abstract

COVID-19 preventions have cut access to routine medical care, especially for many chronic neurological disease patients. This condition has especially promoted telemedicine use in providing healthcare. This study aimed to review telemedicine use catalyzed by several regulations of the Indonesian Government and review 20 cases from Bethesda Hospital in Yogyakarta providing online consultation services. Perceptions of experience on telemedicine were collected from neurological patients at the hospital who were asked about their impressions of consultations and pharmacy medication services, and their suggestions about the new system in outpatient consultations. The regulations for telemedicine use are relevant because of these patients’ risks related to comorbidities and treatments. Of the 20 respondents involved in this study, 15 (75%) were satisfied with the service, 3 (15%) very satisfied, and 2 (10%) others neutral. Most respondents suggest improvement of reimbursement (80%) and others suggest improvement on medications (10%) and services (10%). System and hospital requirements for telemedicine services for neurological cases have been accelerated due to the pandemic. Telemedicine is a way to provide healthcare needed by patients at high risks for COVID-19 fatality related to comorbidities and treatments. Payment regulations, regulatory structures, state licensing, and credentialing across hospitals for better telemedicine experience need to be enhanced.
The Use of Cloth Face Mask during the Pandemic Period in Indonesian People Yudhastuti, Ririh
Kesmas Vol. 15, No. 5
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The use of masks protects individuals from the spread of COVID-19 and control the source of transmission through droplets, but with limited medical masks, a cloth face mask can be used as an alternative personal protection from COVID-19. This study aimed to describe the use of cloth face mask as an alternative personal protection during the pandemic. WHO recommends the use of non-medical masks both at home and in public places. The use of face masks is a WHO’s recommendation on April 6, 2020. Medical masks are categorized as medical waste, then the disposal must be appropriate to prevent COVID-19 transmission in community. Cloth face mask can be used repeatedly and washed, its use can be adjusted to face. However, using a face mask alone is not enough to provide an adequate protection level. Other steps must be taken, such as washing hands with hand soap in running water, keeping a physical distance of minimum one meter from people, especially from those showing respiratory tract symptoms (coughing, sneezing), cleaning items touched by hands of people such as door handles and handles stairs. Therefore, the use of cloth face mask must be carried out together with clean and healthy living behaviors.
A Holistic-Comprehensive Approach: Best Practices to Improve Health Policy for COVID-19 Pandemic Setyawan, Febri Endra Budi; Lestari, Retno
Kesmas Vol. 15, No. 5
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The COVID-19 pandemic affects entire communities and causes a huge impact on all life aspects which include biological, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. Health systems and health policies are promising developments and opportunities to review progress and accelerate interventions in COVID-19 control. Studies devoted to core holistic-comprehensive issues surrounding this pandemic are limited. Therefore, this article aimed to review several best practice studies that reflect holistic-comprehensive approaches to COVID-19. A comprehensive literature review was written based on 15 articles from the data sources which are Google Scholar, Science Direct, ProQuest Health, and Medical Complete, and ProQuest Science Journals from 2010 to 2020, searched terms related to holistic, comprehensive, outbreak, pandemic, epidemics, and COVID-19. There are many evidence-based practices on safe and effective strategies to improve all aspects of well-being before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Among these promising strategies, a holistic-comprehensive approach could also be considered as a necessary action to improve health policy during the pandemic. A holistic-comprehensive approach involved providing bio-psycho-socio-spiritual care and offered a continuum of healthcare that provides promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services. A holistic-comprehensive approach to the COVID-19 pandemic requires a sustained commitment from entire communities, stakeholders, and policymakers to achieve better health outcomes for all.

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