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Sonde (Sound of Dentistry)
Published by Universitas Kristen Maranatha
ISSN : 24608580     EISSN : 26851822     DOI : https://doi.org/10.28932/sod
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry
SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) is an open access journal under management of Faculty of Dentistry Maranatha Christian University which present original research articles, review articles, and case report that sounding the innovation and recent development in dentistry. SONDE is covering all area of dentistry, including oral biology; dental material science and technology; oral and maxillofacial surgery; pedodontics; dental public health, epidemiology, preventive and community dentistry; conservative dentistry; periodontics; prosthodontics; orthodontics; oral medicine; dentomaxillofacial radiology; forensic dentistry as well as with their development through interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach. We accept publication in Bahasa Indonesia or English. The publication biannually published online on March and September each year.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran Gigi - Perawatan Gigi
Articles 86 Documents
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Molecular Mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide in Periodontitis Pathogenesis Maura Kyla Nisafira; Ria Aryani Hayuningtyas
SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): SONDE (Sound of Dentistry)
Publisher : Maranatha Christian University

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Abstract

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to progressive destruction of periodontal tissues, ultimately causing tooth loss. The Gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a key pathogen in periodontitis, with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) playing a major role in immune modulation and inflammatory responses. This review examines the molecular mechanisms by which P. gingivalis LPS contributes to periodontitis pathogenesis, focusing on immune response, epigenetic modifications, and hypoxia-induced inflammation. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify studies published in the last 10 years. The search was performed using the keywords 'Porphyromonas gingivalis,' 'lipopolysaccharide,' and 'periodontitis.' Articles were selected based on language (English or Indonesian) and full-text availability. Results and Discussion: P. gingivalis LPS activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and cytokine release. It also induces epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation reduction and histone acetylation, which sustain inflammation. Additionally, hypoxia amplifies caspase-1 activation, worsening periodontal tissue destruction. Conclusion: The involvement of P. gingivalis LPS in periodontitis suggests that immune dysregulation, epigenetic modifications, and hypoxia-induced inflammation are key drivers of the disease. Targeting LPS-TLR4 interactions and inflammatory pathways may offer new therapeutic strategies for managing periodontitis.
Potensi Antibakteri dan Antibiofilm Kombinasi Sefadroksil dengan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Anredera cordifolia Terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis Mulyani C; Natassya P; Didi Nugroho Santosa
SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): SONDE (Sound of Dentistry)
Publisher : Maranatha Christian University

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Abstract

Abstrak Proses inflamasi kronis oleh bakteri penyebab periodontitis dapat berdampak serius jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Porphyromonas gingivalis merupakan bakteri utama yang berkontribusi pada periodontitis kronis. Terapi antibiotik sering digunakan untuk mengatasi penyakit periodontal, tetapi penggunaannya yang berlebihan dan tidak tepat dapat memicu resistensi antibiotik. Kombinasi antibiotik dengan ekstrak bahan alam menjadi alternatif untuk meningkatkan efektivitas antibiotik. Daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia) memiliki sifat antibakteri karena kandungan senyawa metabolit sekundernya, seperti flavonoid, saponin, dan triterpenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dan antibiofilm kombinasi sefadroksil dan ekstrak etanol daun A.cordifolia terhadap P.gingivalis. Penelitian ini berupa eksperimental laboratoris secara in vitro dengan rancangan post-test-only control group design. Penelitian diawali dengan uji fitokimia dan uji MBC sefadroksil terhadap P.gingivalis. Lalu uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode plate count dan uji antibiofilm dilakukan dengan metode microtiter plate biofilm assay. Sampel yang digunakan adalah kombinasi sefadroksil 1,2 µg/ml dengan ekstrak etanol daun A.cordifolia 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 100%, sefadroksil 1,2 µg/ml, sefadroksil 2,4 µg/ml sebagai kontrol positif, dan akuades sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil MBC sefadroksil terhadap P.gingivalis adalah 2,4 µg/ml. Berdasarkan penelitian diketahui, kombinasi sefadroksil dengan ekstrak etanol daun A.cordifolia menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap P.gingivalis pada konsentrasi 12,5% hingga 100%. Sedangkan, aktivitas antibiofilm bekerja paling optimal diamati pada masa inkubasi 3 jam. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kombinasi sefadroksil dengan ekstrak etanol daun A.cordifolia berpotensimenghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dan pembentukan biofilm P.gingivalis. Kata kunci: antibakteri, antibiofilm, ekstrak etanol daun Anredera cordifolia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, sefadroksil
Exploring IL-1β and IL-17 in Periodontitis-Associated Oral Aging Pathways Ria Aryani Hayuningtyas; Sheila Soesanto; Jessica Endriyana
SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): SONDE (Sound of Dentistry)
Publisher : Maranatha Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28932/sod.v9i2.11446

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontitis, a severe stage of periodontal disease marked by chronic and irreversible inflammation, is linked to a complex cytokine network. This persistent inflammation leads to significant genomic damage and the emergence of senescent phenotypes in oral tissues. This study aims to explore the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in inducing oral senescence associated with periodontitis, particularly focusing on their contribution to the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). Methods: A thorough literature review was conducted via the MEDLINE database on PubMed, covering records up to 2018. Studies involving periodontitis patients formed the experimental group, while those on individuals with healthy periodontal conditions were the controls. Relevant in vitro studies on SASP were also included. Results and discussion: The results showed a significant increase in IL-1β and IL-17 secretion in periodontitis patients compared to those with healthy tissues. In vitro studies confirmed that these cytokines directly induce the secretion of SASP components, including SA‑β‑gal, p21, p53, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and p16. These findings suggest that IL-1β and IL-17 play a critical role in promoting cellular senescence in periodontal tissues by inducing SASP. Conclusion: This study highlights IL-1β and IL-17 as key mediators in oral senescence within the context of periodontitis. Their excessive production contributes to SASP, leading to cellular senescence in periodontal tissues. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies to mitigate the detrimental effects of chronic periodontitis on oral health.
Morfologi Permukaan Glass Ionomer Cement dengan Penambahan Nanoselulosa Kristalin dari Serat Ampas Tebu Hernindya Dwifulqi; Rosalina Tjandrawinata; Joko Kusnoto
SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): SONDE (Sound of Dentistry)
Publisher : Maranatha Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28932/sod.v9i1.11501

Abstract

Perkembangan penelitian teknologi nano membuat penggunaan cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) menjadi alternatif menarik dalam meningkatkan sifat mekanis glass ionomer cement (GIC). Ampas tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) merupakan sumber CNC, dengan selulosa nanokristal berkristalinitas tinggi (72,5%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan CNC serat ampas tebu pada sifat mekanis GIC. Sampel GIC (GC Fuji IX) untuk pengujian dibagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu kontrol dan penambahan 0,2% CNC ampas tebu. Setelah disimpan di dalam aqua distilata dalam inkubator 370C selama 24 jam, sampel dikarakterisasi dengan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Penambahan CNC serat ampas tebu sebanyak 0,2% menunjukkan hasil SEM dengan morfologi permukaan yang lebih padat dan tidak berporus. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan ampas tebu dengan konsentrasi 0,2% dapat menunjukan morfologi permukaan yang tidak berporus.
Management of Supernumerary Teeth in Children Linda Sari Sembiring; Dominica Dian; Euis Dara
SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): SONDE (Sound of Dentistry)
Publisher : Maranatha Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28932/sod.v9i1.11509

Abstract

Background supernumerary teeth are an anomaly of tooth development in the form of additional teeth from the normal number, located in the upper and lower jaw arches and can cause tooth malposition. Supernumerary teeth can be classified based on chronology, topography, and morphology. Case 12-year-old boy with complaints of irregular teeth. On intraoral examination, there were supernumerary teeth between the tooth region 12 and tooth 13. Periapical radiographs showed supplemental supernumerary teeth. Case Management extraction of supernumerary teeth with topical gel anesthesia technique and infiltration in the mucobuccofold with 0.5 ml of pehacaine and in the palatine as much as 0.5 ml. Supernumerary teeth were loosened from their sockets using an elevator and removed using forceps. Extraction was carried out carefully because the position of the supernumerary teeth was close to the roots of the erupted premolar teeth. Discussion supplemental supernumerary teeth resemble normal teeth and often cause tooth crowding. Supernumerary teeth located between teeth 12 and 13 cause the position of tooth 13 to be labioverted. Conclusion early diagnosis through clinical and radiographic examination is important in determining the right treatment plan. Extraction of supernumerary teeth in this case was carried out carefully to prevent damage to the roots of permanent teeth located near the supernumerary teeth Keywords: Supernumerary; extraction; infiltration; crowding
Perbandingan Radiograf CBCT-3D Sebelum dan Setelah perawatan TMD Dominica Dian Saraswati; Shelly Lelyana; Silvia Naliani
SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): SONDE (Sound of Dentistry)
Publisher : Maranatha Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28932/sod.v9i1.11516

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Osteoarthritis adalah kelainan temporomandibular yang dapat terjadi pada semua usia, kronis dan asimptomatik. Kelainan ini merupakan kelainan yang meliputi anatomis dan fungsional. Radiografi yang dapat digunakan untuk menegakkan diagnosa dan evaluasi adalah CBCT-3D. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran CBCT 3D pada kasus osteoarthritis sebelum dan setelah perawatan TMD. Metode: Metode penulisan ini adalah laporan kasus yang dibahas dari berbagai literatur terbaru Laporan Kasus: Seorang perempuan usia 27 tahun datang ke RSGM Universitas Padjadjaran dengan keluhan sakit pada sendi temporomandibular kiri saat membuka mulut maksimal dan gigi regio kiri tidak berkontak sejak 1 minggu yang lalu. Pasien memiliki riwayat perawatan ortodonti dengan pencabutan gigi premolar sebelah kiri atas, riwayat kliking kanan menahun sejak usia 11 tahun, memiliki riwayat bruxism dan pernah menggunakan nightguard. Pemeriksaan ekstraoral ditemukan adanya krepitasi pada TMJ kiri, deviasi kanan dan myofasial pain. Pasien ditangani mengunakan splint oklusal selama 11 bulan kemudian dilakukan radiografi CBCT-3D sebagai evaluasi. Diskusi: Pemeriksaan radiograf panoramik, tampak bentuk kondilus flattening kiri dan kanan, posisi kondilus kanan lebih anterior dibandingkan kondilus kiri. Radiograf CBCT-3D menunjukkan bentuk kepala kondilus kanan dan kiri angle-shape. Posisi kepala kondilus kanan lebih ke posterior dibanding kiri. Kesimpulan: CBCT-3D dapat digunakan dalam evaluasi perawatan temporomandibular disorder.
Penatalaksanaan Kasus Diskolorasi Tetracycline dengan Veneer Indirek Lithium Disilicate Rudy Djuanda; Hendra Polii
SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): SONDE (Sound of Dentistry)
Publisher : Maranatha Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28932/sod.v9i2.11522

Abstract

Diskolorasi gigi akibat penggunaan Tetracycline adalah masalah estetik yang sering dialami oleh pasien. Gigi yang terpengaruh Tetracycline cenderung memiliki warna gelap yang menetap, bahkan setelah menghentikan penggunaan obat tersebut. Salah satu alternatif perawatan untuk kasus ini adalah dengan penggunaan veneer, baik langsung maupun indirek. Artikel ini membahas kasus seorang pasien berusia 61 tahun yang datang dengan keluhan mengenai senyumnya yang kurang percaya diri akibat diskolorasi Tetracycline yang tidak berhasil diatasi dengan veneer direk berbahan komposit. Dalam kasus ini, perawatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan veneer indirek berbahan lithium disilicate untuk hasil yang lebih estetik dan tahan lama. Veneer indirek memberikan hasil yang lebih alami dan stabil dalam menutupi diskolorasi gigi akibat Tetracycline dibandingkan veneer direk. Artikel ini juga mengulas teknik, indikasi, dan kelebihan penggunaan veneer lithium disilicate dalam penatalaksanaan diskolorasi Tetracycline.    
Gambaran Bentuk dan Ukuran Styloid Process Serta Bentuk Kepala Kondilus Ditinjau Dari Radiografi Panoramik di RSGM “X” Wa Ode Sitti Muthmainah; Hendra Polii; Anie Apriani; Dian Lesmana
SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): SONDE (Sound of Dentistry)
Publisher : Maranatha Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28932/sod.v9i2.11541

Abstract

Panoramic radiography is the most frequently used diagnostic tool by dentists. In addition to the teeth and supporting tissues, other surrounding structures must also be interpreted, one of which is the styloid process and condyle. In some cases, elongation of the styloid process and calcification of the stylohyoid ligament can cause symptoms called Eagle syndrome, in this condition it also affects the head of the condyle so that it often experiences temporomandibular joint disorders. This information is important to be able to detect abnormalities that occur early so that appropriate treatment can be carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the general description of the morphology of the condyle head and the average length of the styloid process. The method used in this study is descriptive observational with a cross-sectional research design. Samples consist of 116 panoramic radiography of 58 male subjects and 58 female subject. All data were collected from Maranatha Dental Hospital. Study shows that the shape of the most condylar heads was convex and there was no significant difference in the length of the styloid process in male and female. This study concludes that the shape of the condyle head in subjects is convex, and the average length of the styloid process (right and left sides) is 21.80 mm (21.78 and 21.82) mm.
Rewalling Kavitas dengan Teknik Canal Projection pada Perawatan Saluran Akar Gigi Anterior dengan Kehilangan Struktur Mahkota Shiela Nurulhuda Himmatie; Denny Nurdin
SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): SONDE (Sound of Dentistry)
Publisher : Maranatha Christian University

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Abstract

Pendahuluan: Perawatan saluran akar pada gigi dengan kerusakan mahkota yang ekstensif menghadirkan berbagai tantangan seperti kesulitan mencapai isolasi yang adekuat, inefektivitas irigasi, dan hilangnya titik referensi yang stabil. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi hambatan tersebut adalah prosedur rewalling, yaitu teknik untuk merekonstruksi dinding kavitas yang hilang guna menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang ideal dan mengoptimalisasi keberhasilan perawatan endodontik. Laporan kasus: Seorang pasien perempuan berusia 20 tahun datang dengan keluhan gigi depan atas kiri berlubang. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis dan radiografis, gigi 21 didiagnosis sebagai pulpitis irreversibel asimptomatik dengan periodontitis apikalis simtomatik. Perawatan saluran akar dilakukan dalam beberapa kunjungan. Mengingat kerusakan mahkota yang ekstensif, dilakukan prosedur rewalling menggunakan resin komposit dengan teknik canal projection menggunakan gutta-percha untuk melindungi orifis. Prosedur ini memfasilitasi tahapan selanjutnya yaitu preparasi saluran akar, aplikasi medikamen kalsium hidroksida, dan obturasi dengan teknik single cone. Pembahasan: Tantangan utama pada kasus ini adalah kerusakan mahkota yang luas sehingga menyulitkan isolasi dan prosedur endodontik lainnya. Implementasi rewalling merupakan langkah krusial untuk menyediakan struktur yang memadai bagi pemasangan rubber dam, menciptakan reservoir untuk larutan irigasi, serta membentuk titik referensi yang stabil untuk pengukuran panjang kerja yang akurat. Penggunaan bevel dan teknik canal projection mengoptimalisasi retensi restorasi dan menjaga akses saluran akar tetap terbuka. Simpulan: Prosedur rewalling kavitas terbukti menjadi intervensi fundamental yang efektif dalam penatalaksanaan perawatan saluran akar pada gigi dengan kerusakan mahkota yang ekstensif. Teknik ini berhasil mengatasi tantangan prosedural dan berkontribusi pada keberhasilan perawatan dengan mengoptimalisasi isolasi, disinfeksi, dan instrumentasi. Kata kunci: Pulpitis Irreversibel Asimptomatik, Rewalling, Perawatan Saluran Akar, Canal Projection.
Labial Frenectomy with Conventional Scalpel Technique as Preliminary Preparation for Diastema Closure: A Case Report Annisa Anindya; Cherryl Sania Mahira; M. Yusuf Diansyah
SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): SONDE (Sound of Dentistry)
Publisher : Maranatha Christian University

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Abstract

Introduction: Midline diastema refers to a space between the maxillary central incisors, commonly observed in children and typically resolving with age. However, approximately 6% of cases persist into adolescence or adulthood, potentially compromising smile aesthetics. One etiological factor in such persistent cases is an abnormally wide or elongated maxillary labial frenum extending between the central incisors. Surgical management via frenectomy is often indicated. The aim of this case report is to highlights the management of a papillary penetrating frenum type using conventional frenectomy. Case report: A 16-year-old female patient reported dissatisfaction with the appearance of her smile due to a noticeable gap in the maxillary anterior region. Intraoral examination revealed a high attachment of the maxillary labial frenum accompanied by a midline diastema. The patient was diagnosed with a mucogingival deformity in the form of a high maxillary labial frenum attachment, classified as the papillary penetrating type. The chosen treatment was a conventional frenectomy using a single hemostat technique. Postoperative follow-up demonstrated a transition of the frenal attachment to the gingival type, thereby facilitating the initiation of fixed orthodontic therapy to correct the diastema. The frenectomy procedure resulted in favorable outcomes without any complications. Discussion: Conventional scalpel frenectomy using a single hemostat technique may be an option as a first step before orthodontic treatment. The procedure effectively repositioned the frenum attachment and created favorable conditions for preliminary preparation. Conclusion: Conventional frenectomy using the single hemostat technique proved to be an effective and safe treatment for high maxillary labial frenum attachment. Keywords: Frenectomy, Maxillary labial frenum, Midline diastema

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