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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : 25408844     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
JKD : JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO ( ISSN : 2540-8844 ) adalah jurnal yang berisi tentang artikel bidang kedokteran dan kesehatan karya civitas akademika dari Program Studi Kedokteran Umum, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro Semarang dan peneliti dari luar yang membutuhkan publikasi . JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO terbit empat kali per tahun. JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO diterbitkan oleh Program Studi Kedokteran Umum, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,085 Documents
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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF YELLOW WOOD ROOT (ARCANGELISIA FLAVA (L.) MERR.) USING THE FRAP AND ABTS METHOD Maria Sheryll Oktaverlyn; Noer Saelan Tadjudin; Eny Yulianti; Frans Ferdinal
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 15, No 4 (2026): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v15i4.51703

Abstract

Background: Yellow wood root/ Arcangelisia flava, a traditional medicinal plant commonly used in Kalimantan, Indonesia, has been found to possess strong antioxidant properties. Although previous studies have reported that this plant contains certain phytochemicals and exhibits antioxidant activity, other specific phytochemical composition of the root and its antioxidant capacity using the FRAP and ABTS method remain poorly understood. Objective: This study aimed to examine the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of the methanol extract from Arcangelisia flava (yellow wood) root. Methods: The research was conducted using an in vitro experimental approach to evaluate the presence of secondary metabolites and antioxidant capacity through the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenozothiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS) assays. Extraction was performed on 75 grams of dried yellow wood root simplicia using methanol as the solvent, yielding 21.57 grams of extract (28.76%). Results: Phytochemical analysis detected a range of secondary metabolites including alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, quinones, saponins, tannins, coumarins, betacyanins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and glycosides, while steroids and anthocyanins were not detected. The antioxidant activity was measured at extract concentrations of 10-30 μg/mL. In the FRAP assay, the extract reduced Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ with an IC₅₀ value of 17.48 μg/mL, while in the ABTS assay, it neutralized free radicals with an IC₅₀ of 21,99 μg/mL. Both results indicate a strong antioxidant potential and are comparable to the Trolox standards (IC₅₀ = 10.54 μg/mL and 13.27 μg/mL, respectively). Conclusion: These findings support the traditional use of Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr., suggesting its potential as a source of natural antioxidants. Further research is recommended to explore its mechanisms and potential applications in health and disease prevention.
TARGETING BONE REGENERATION WITH MARINE BIOACTIVES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR INSIGHTS Nasywa Zahra Sajida Tsuroyya; Herin Setianingsih; Indri Ngesti Rahayu; Riami Riami
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 15, No 4 (2026): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v15i4.54044

Abstract

Background: Bone disorders, such as osteoporosis and inflammatory osteolysis, require regenerative therapies with improved safety and multimodal mechanisms. Marine natural products (MNPs) provide diverse chemical scaffolds with potential anabolic and antiresorptive actions; however, the synthesis of preclinical evidence and translational appraisal remains limited. Objective: To systematically synthesize preclinical evidence on the effects and molecular mechanisms of MNPs on bone, with emphasis on exemplar compounds (phorbaketal A and largazole) and translational considerations. Methods: The review process followed a PRISMA-based systematic literature review approach, including screening, data extraction, study quality evaluation, and thematic synthesis based on the identified molecular pathways. Results: Convergent pathways included inhibition of RANKL-RANK, NFATc1, and NF‑κB signaling, modulation of MAPKs (ERK/JNK), and activation of Wnt/β‑catenin and Runx2‑dependent osteogenic programs. Some compounds, such as phorbaketal A and largazole, showed dual-action potential in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. These effects were demonstrated in both bone cell cultures and animal models, yielding statistically significant results in both. Conclusion: Marine products are potential sources of bone therapeutic agents with multi-target mechanisms. This synthesis provides a conceptual foundation for the development of novel therapeutics based on marine biodiversity, promoting translational research toward clinical applications, and regulatory foresight will accelerate responsible translation of promising candidates like phorbaketal A and largazole,
CONCEPT MAPPING AND MIND MAPPING IN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING FOR MEDICAL EDUCATIONcation Galuh Suryandari; Endah Dwi Astuti
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 15, No 4 (2026): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v15i4.54652

Abstract

Background: Medical education's heavy learning load requires learning technologies that can integrate varied instructional information. Objective: This study aims to synthesize evidence on the use of concept maps and mind maps in Problem-Based Learning (PBL) within medical education through a systematic review process. Methods: The research involved identifying, screening, assessing eligibility, and thematically synthesizing relevant literature. Out of 128 publications identified, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in depth. Results: The results indicate that concept maps support hierarchical integration of basic and clinical concepts, enhance meaningful learning, and strengthen critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and problem-solving skills. In contrast, mind maps were found to be effective for simplifying complex information, improving initial comprehension, enhancing memory retention, and organizing ideas in small-group discussions. Several assessment approaches were identified, including structural rubrics, argument-based evaluation, clinical problem-solving performance measures, and the MMAR rubric. Conclusion: In conclusion, both visual mapping tools offer significant pedagogical value in PBL but require structured training and guidance to achieve optimal effectiveness. A sequential integration of mind maps followed by concept maps has the potential to further enhance learning outcomes for medical students.
COMPARISON OF QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL) IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC BONE DISEASE (MBD) BEFORE AND AFTER BISPHOSPHONATE THERAPY BASED ON CALCIUM LEVELS Fachrizal Arfani Prawiragara; Hilmia Fahma; Debrina Kusuma Devi; Leonardo Tedjaprasadja
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 15, No 4 (2026): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v15i4.54076

Abstract

Background: Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is a frequent complication in advanced cancer, often resulting in pain, limited mobility, and reduced QoL. Bisphosphonates are effective in minimizing skeletal-related events by suppressing osteoclast activity. Objective: To assess the impact of bisphosphonate therapy on serum calcium levels and QoL in patients with metastatic bone disease. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 228 MBD patients treated at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from 2015 to 2020. Surgical eligibility was determined using the Abdurrahman Score. Pre- and post-treatment data on serum calcium levels and Karnofsky Scores were collected and analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: In the surgical group, the mean Karnofsky Score improved from 46.67 ± 12.69 to 77.67 ± 9.35 (p < 0.001), while serum calcium levels decreased from 10.1 ± 1.20 to 7.3 ± 1.01 (p < 0.001). In the non-surgical group, Karnofsky Scores increased from 36.67 ± 12.22 to 49.35 ± 13.15, and calcium levels declined from 10.2 ± 1.18 to 7.6 ± 1.33 (both p < 0.001). Conclusion: Bisphosphonate therapy significantly enhances QoL and reduces serum calcium levels in patients with metastatic bone disease. The combination of surgical management and bisphosphonate therapy yields superior functional outcomes compared to non-surgical treatment.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED DIABETIC NEUROPATHY AND PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AT DIABETIC CENTER CLINIC NGOERAH HOSPITAL DENPASARS AT DIABETIC CENTER CLINIC NGOERAH HOSPITAL DENPASAR Tjokorda Istri Ratih Pradnyandari Pemayun; I Made Pande Dwipayana; I Putu Eka Widyadharma; Wira Gotera; Ketut Suastika; Made Ratna Saraswati; I Made Siswadi Semadi; Ida Bagus Aditya Nugraha
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 15, No 4 (2026): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v15i4.55189

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Diabetic foot is a common complication of DM, as it mainly connects to diabetic neuropathy (DN) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between multiple causes of DN and PAD of T2DM patients in Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during August–October 2024 on 200 T2DM patients (30–70 years of age). Risk factors evaluated included but were not limited to gender, age, smoking, glycemic control, duration of DM, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia. DN was measured by DNS-Ina and DNE-Ina, whereas PAD was assessed with ankle-brachial index (ABI). Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square and independent t-tests and multivariate logistic regression statistics in SPSS version 27.0. Results: There was a significant association of DN in 117 patients (58.5%) and PAD in 118 patients (59%). Gender, DM duration and obesity were associated with DN (p = 0.019, p = 0.013, p = 0.013) and PAD (p = 0.002, p = 0.037, p = 0.042), respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that gender, DM duration, and obesity were independently associated with DN (p = 0.034, p = 0.027, p = 0.027), whereas PAD was significantly associated only with gender (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Independent factors of gender, duration of diabetes, and obesity predict diabetic neuropathy, with significant gender differences in predicting PAD in T2DM.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADMISSION D-DIMER LEVELS AND MORTALITY IN COVID-19 Amanatus Solikhhah; Rizka Ariani; Mulat Muliasih
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 15, No 4 (2026): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v15i4.53896

Abstract

Background: It is possible that specific laboratory test results could indicate the likelihood of death from COVID-19. Objective: The main goal of this research was to figure out if measuring D-dimer levels could help forecast the likelihood of death for individuals suffering from COVID-19. Methods: A backward-looking study of a group of people based on observations, encompassing 317 individuals, was conducted utilizing existing data extracted from the health documents of COVID-19 inpatients. The concentration of D-dimer was acquired via patient's blood test results upon initial admittance to the medical facility. Following this, patients were divided into two categories: those who lived (comprising 252 individuals) and those who did not (consisting of 66 individuals), according to the end result. Proportions and central values were assessed employing Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Logistic regression was applied to ascertain if there exists a noteworthy disparity in D-dimer concentrations among different mortality statuses. Results: The cohort that did not survive showed a notably elevated presence of D-dimer (Odds Ratio 6.480 ;p<0.001). Conclusion: The starting assessment of D-dimer levels might be useful in spotting individuals who face increased vulnerability and help guide choices concerning critical care management.
THE EFFECT OF ART THERAPY ON IMPROVING THE COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF ELDERLY IN NURSING HOMES IN SEMARANG Kareena Kumar; Yosef Purwoko; Soesmeyka Savitri; Dwi Ngestiningsih
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 15, No 4 (2026): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v15i4.54697

Abstract

Background: Art therapy is a creative process that utilizes art and psychology aspect in an effort to learn something new about oneself. Art therapy can help individuals to express their feeling as a mental stimulation which in long term can increase the regeneration of new neurons which will later have an effect on cognitive function improvements. Improving cognitive function in elderly can increase their ability to do their daily activities independently. Objective: To assess the effect of art therapy on improving elderly’s cognitive function in nursing homes in Semarang. Methods: Quasy experimental research using pre and post-test design with control group methods. Subjects were 32 elderlies who lived in Wisma Lanjut Usia Harapan Asri, Panti Wredha Rindang Asih II Bongsari, or Panti Wreda Pengayoman Semarang. Subjects were >60 years old, had a cognitive function score ≥ 22 using MoCA-Ina instrument, and were not taking any sedative drugs. Sample selection was picked using purposive sampling method and grouped into 2 groups. The art therapy intervention group (n=16) was instructed to follow the all four interventions of art therapy, while the control group (n=16) was instructed to not doing any art drawing activities. Cognitive function scores were measured using MoCA-Ina. The data then analysed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney. Results: Significant increase (p < 0.05) in the MoCA-INA scores of intervention group from 25,44 ± 2,128 to 26,38 ± 2,094. There was significant difference of MoCA-INA scores between intervention group which was 26,38 ± 2,094 and control group which was 24,13 ± 1,5. Conclusion: Art therapy is effective in improving cognitive function of elderly in nursing home in Semarang.
THE EFFECT OF COVID-19 HISTORY ON CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS OF HAJJ PILGRIM CANDIDATES Ikrar Abdillah Muryasani; Sri Wahyudati; Erna Setiawati
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 15, No 4 (2026): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v15i4.54137

Abstract

Background: Hajj pilgrims are expected to be able to walk a minimum of 12 kilometers. Therefore, good physical fitness is required. COVID-19 is a disease that can cause deconditioning of heart and lung function. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of COVID-19 history on cardiorespiratory fitness of hajj pilgrim candidates. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on prospective hajj pilgrim candidates in Salatiga City aged 50-70 years who fit the inclusion criteria. Subject characteristics such as age, comorbid history, and exercise history were collected from subject interviews. Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured by calculating height and weight. Physical activity history was assessed using Indonesian version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the six minutes walking test (6MWT). Data were analyzed using comparative test. Results: A total of 32 subjects with a history of COVID-19 with 31 mild symptoms and 1 moderate symptom, and 101 subjects without a history of COVID-19 were included as research subjects. There was significant difference in age (p=0.006) and education (p=0.003) between subject with COVID-19 history and without COVID-19 history (p=0.006). The VO2max result from 6MWT in subjects with history of COVID-19 were significantly lower than those in subjects without a history of COVID-19 (p=0.007, 14.54±3.54 mL/kg/min vs 16.36±3.19 mL/kg/min). Conclusion: COVID-19 history affects the cardiorespiratory fitness of hajj pilgrim candidates. Endurance training should be recommended for Hajj pilgrim candidates with a history of COVID-19 to improve cardiorespiratory fitness.
ERGONOMIC IMPACT OF LIFTING ACTIVITIES ON LOW BACK PAIN IN MALANG’S SANITARY WARE INDUSTRY Rubayat Indradi; Marinda Rahman; Febri Endra Budi Setyawan
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 15, No 4 (2026): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v15i4.55158

Abstract

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder linked to repetitive ergonomic tasks, resulting in discomfort and reduced productivity. In Malang’s sanitary ware industry, workers frequently perform lifting and carrying tasks. Workers involved in lifting activities are particularly vulnerable to these risks. Objective: This research sought to address gaps in knowledge about the relationship between ergonomic factors and LBP severity among this occupational setting. Methods: Observational-analytic study was conducted on August-October 2022 using a cross-sectional survey of workers in Malang’s sanitary ware industry, with the size of the research sample were 42 participants. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Somers’ D correlation test in SPSS. Ethical clearance was obtained, and participants provided informed consent. Results: The analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between lifting activities and LBP complaints. The correlation strength indicated a weak association, but most workers reported moderate LBP severity, highlighting ergonomic challenges in the workplace (p = 0.032, r = 0.315). Conclusion: This study underscores the ergonomic impact of lifting activities on LBP among industrial workers. The findings highlight the necessity of ergonomic interventions to mitigate LBP risks. Future studies should focus on implementing and evaluating long-term ergonomic strategies to improve occupational health outcomes in similar industries.
THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF GALOBA (HORNSTEDTIA SP.) FRUIT EXTRACT: ELEVATION OF HDL-C IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) Muhammad Zaidan Ash Shiddiqie; Rachmawati Dwi Agustin; Dian Qisthi; Filda Vionita Irene de Lima; Vina Zakiah Latuconsina; Marliyati Sanaky
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 15, No 4 (2026): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v15i4.53955

Abstract

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a condition where total cholesterol levels exceed 200 mg/dL, often accompanied by decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. This condition increases the risk of cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and peripheral artery disease. Non-pharmacological interventions using antioxidant-rich Galoba fruit (Hornstedtia sp.) have the potential to improve lipid profiles by modulating cholesterol metabolism. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of administering Galoba fruit (Hornstedtia sp.) ethanol extract on HDL-cholesterol levels in mice (Mus musculus) and explore its possible mechanistic pathways. Methods: This laboratory experimental study employed a post-test-only control group design. Twenty-five mice (Mus musculus) were randomly assigned to five groups: normal control (KN), negative control (K−), positive control (K+), treatment dose 1 (D1, 200 mg/kgBW), and treatment dose 2 (D2, 400 mg/kgBW). Hypercholesterolemia was induced through a high-fat diet (quail egg yolk, lard, and used cooking oil). HDL levels were measured after treatment and analyzed using ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey HSD test. Results: High-fat diet induction significantly increased total cholesterol levels. Administration of Galoba extract reduced total cholesterol and increased HDL levels. The D1 group (200 mg/kgBW) demonstrated the highest HDL increase of 35.20 mg/dL (81.86%), surpassing D2 (400 mg/kgBW) at 34.80 mg/dL (80.93%). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant increase in HDL levels (ANOVA, p < 0.001), with post hoc Tukey HSD showing significant differences between control and treatment groups. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Galoba fruit (Hornstedtia sp.) effectively increased HDL levels in hypercholesterolemic mice, with the 200 mg/kgBW dose showing optimal effect. The potential mechanism involves inhibition of the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, which suppresses endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and antioxidant modulation, which reduces oxidative modification of lipoproteins and enhances reverse cholesterol transport. These findings support the therapeutic promise of Hornstedtia sp. as a natural lipid-modulating agent.

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