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Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Published by Global Health Science Group
ISSN : 27149749     EISSN : 27151972     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr
Core Subject :
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research is a open access, peer reviewed and refereed international journal. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research aim to publish original research paper devoted to various area of all health sciences. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research provides a forum for sharing timely and up-to-date publication of scientific research, health care and promoting the development of nursing, public health, community, environmental and occupational health. The journal publishes original research papers of health sciences. High priority will be given to articles on public, nursing, adolescent, community, environmental and occupational health, pharmaceutical technology, social pharmacy, traditional medicine, pharmacology, and so on.
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Articles 697 Documents
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The Effect of Closed Suction System Use on the Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Literature Review Eppy Setiyowati; Widayati Widayati; Samsudi Samsudi; Eka Sulistiyowati
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1137

Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common and serious infections in patients who use mechanical ventilation. It has an incidence of 5–50% and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. One of the efforts to prevent Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the endotracheal suctioning procedure. Currently, there are closed suction systems and open suction systems. However, scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of closed suction systems in reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains variable. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of closed versus open suction systems in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated adult patients, This study is a systematic review of 13 articles published between 2020 until 2025, which were selected through the PRISMA-2020 process using databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Semantic Scholar. The inclusion studies involved adult patients who were mechanically ventilated for more than 48 hours and reported the incidence of ventilator–associated pneumonia (VAP) as the primary outcome. The review showed that most studies reported no significant difference between closed and open suction systems in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (p < 0.05). However, several studies have shown additional clinical benefits of closed suction systems, including improved oxygenation, reduced hypoxia, delayed onset of VAP, and reduced end expiratory pressure (PEEP). One study reported a significant reduction in VAP when closed suction was combined with chlorhexidine flushing. The close suction system has not been conclusively proven to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), however, it provides valuable clinical and safety benefits.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Exercise on Anxiety Levels in the Elderly Hendrawati Hendrawati; Muhammad Arifki; Riyanah Riyanah
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1138

Abstract

Anxiety is a common psychological problem experienced by older adults and can impact quality of life and cognitive function. Various non-pharmacological interventions have been used to reduce anxiety in older adults, but most studies still focus on physical activity and relaxation. Empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of cognitive training on anxiety in older adults is limited and shows varying results. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of cognitive training in reducing anxiety levels in older adults. Objective to determine the effectiveness of cognitive gymnastics on anxiety levels in the elderly at the Tresna Werdha 3 Social Home. This study used a quantitative approach with a pre-test and post-test design in one group. A sample of 45 elderly individuals was selected using the Slovin formula. Data collection was conducted through interviews and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire. The HARS questionnaire was valid (0.30 – 0.80) and reliable (Cronbach’s Alpha 0.93). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate methods using paired sample t-tests. Before the intervention, most elderly individuals experienced mild (46.8%) to moderate (31.9%) anxiety. After the intervention, the proportion of elderly with mild anxiety increased to 60%, and 8.9% experienced no anxiety. Paired Sample t-test results showed a significant decrease in anxiety scores (p < 0.001). Cognitive gymnastics is effective in significantly reducing anxiety levels in elderly individuals and can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention to improve the psychological well-being of elderly individuals.
Systematic Review: Side Efffects of Ramipril and Spironolactone Drug Combination in Cardiovascular Patients Fadhilah Nurul Hayati; Lantip Rujito
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 7 No. 6 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i6.1141

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, especially in developing countries. Combination therapy of ramipril, an ACE inhibitor, and spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, is widely used in hypertension and heart failure patients, offering clinical benefits such as blood pressure control and organ protection, but it also poses risks of hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction. This systematic review aimed to evaluate and identify the adverse effects of ramipril–spironolactone combination therapy. A systematic search was conducted in Google Scholar and PubMed NIH Central for articles published between 2020–2024 using the keywords “Ramipril” AND “Spironolactone” AND “Adverse Effect” and “Combination Therapy” AND “Cardiovascular Disease.” From an initial 1,026 articles, 38 were screened, 37 remained after duplicate removal, and 3 studies (2 from Google Scholar and 1 from PubMed) met the inclusion criteria. Article selection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and data were extracted on study design, population, interventions, outcomes, and adverse effects. The results indicate that although ramipril–spironolactone combination therapy provides significant cardiovascular benefits, it is consistently associated with hyperkalemia, hypotension, and renal dysfunction; therefore, close monitoring of potassium levels, renal function, and blood pressure is strongly recommended to minimize adverse outcomes.
Impact of Workload, Occupational Stress, and Remuneration on Staff Turnover Propensity Shiela Stefani Shiela; Kosasih Kosasih; Ayu Laili Rahmiyati; Vip Paramarta; Farida Yuliaty
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i2.1142

Abstract

This study analyzes the influence of workload, job stress, and compensation on turnover intention among hospital staff in Bandung. Utilizing a quantitative verificative design, data were collected from 103 employees and analyzed via Multiple Linear Regression using SPSS. The research aimed to quantify how these organizational factors collectively and individually drive the propensity of human capital to depart, which is critical in the competitive healthcare sector where replacement costs and knowledge loss are substantial. Descriptive findings reveal that while workload, stress, and compensation levels are currently moderate, the resulting turnover intention remains low. However, inferential analysis confirms a significant impact from all variables. Job stress is the most dominant predictor, uniquely accounting for 31.7% of the variance, followed by compensation (15.8%) and workload (9.2%). Collectively, these three factors explain 56.7% of the total fluctuations in turnover intention ($R^2 = 0.567$). The results demonstrate that workload and stress significantly increase the likelihood of exit, while higher compensation levels effectively mitigate it. These findings suggest that turnover intent is a latent risk highly sensitive to psychological and financial drivers. Management must prioritize proactive retention strategies, specifically targeting stress reduction through clearer job descriptions and improved work environments. Furthermore, maintaining competitive remuneration and equitable workload distribution is essential to prevent moderate dissatisfaction from escalating into actual attrition. By addressing these core determinants, healthcare institutions can stabilize their workforce, preserve institutional knowledge, and ensure the continuity of high-quality patient care.
Application of Acupressure Therapy to Reduce Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients Hanny Irmaya; Hendrawati Hendrawati; Juwita Winnar
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1143

Abstract

Hypertension is a condition of increased systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, which has the potential to cause various cardiovascular complications if not optimally managed. Hypertension can be managed through pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. One non-pharmacological method that can be used is acupressure therapy, a stimulation technique in the form of pressure on certain points on the body that aims to increase relaxation and improve blood circulation. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of applying acupressure therapy in reducing blood pressure in hypertension patients. The research method used is qualitative research with a descriptive case study approach. The study subjects consisted of four respondents with hypertension. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, physical examinations, and blood pressure measurements before and after the intervention according to standard operating procedures. The acupressure therapy intervention was carried out for two weeks with a total of six meetings. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that before the intervention, the respondents' blood pressure was in the range of 150–170 mmHg for systolic and 90–110 mmHg for diastolic. After acupressure therapy, all respondents experienced a decrease in blood pressure, with systolic blood pressure ranging from 8–14 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure between 10–14 mmHg. These results indicate that acupressure therapy is effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Acupressure therapy can be considered a complementary non-pharmacological intervention in the management of hypertension.
Optimizing Early Detection: Key Factors Influencing Hospital Early Warning System Implementation – A Systematic Review Hilma Fitria Nur Faiz; Masyitoh Basabih
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1147

Abstract

Early Warning System (EWS) is a clinical tool used to detect early signs of patient deterioration and prevent delayed interventions. Despite broad implementation, challenges persist related to healthcare providers’ readiness, organizational support, system design, and varied care environments. This study aims to identify and analyze factors influencing EWS implementation based on recent empirical evidence to support more effective and sustainable use in healthcare settings. A systematic review was conducted using five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink and ProQuest. The search employed key terms including “Early Warning System,” “EWS score,” “National Early Warning Score,” “NEWS2,” “hospital,” “implementation,” “adherence,” “barriers,” “facilitators,” and “healthcare professionals.” A total of 1,163 articles were initially identified. Following duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text assessment in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, 23 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. Eligible studies were open-access, published in English between 2018 and 2025, and reported original empirical findings related to EWS implementation. This review was registered with PROSPERO. The included studies identified four major categories of factors influencing EWS implementation: (1) Individual factors, including clinical experience, attitudes, knowledge, and emotional readiness; (2) Organizational factors, such as managerial support, patient safety culture, infrastructure, and institutional policies; (3) Intervention-related factors, including system design, training quality, and integration with information technology; and (4) Environmental factors, encompassing resource availability, facility conditions, and the need for local adaptation. Successful implementation of Early Warning Systems requires a comprehensive and integrated approach. Effectiveness and long-term sustainability are influenced by the extent to which implementation strategies are aligned with local clinical contexts, supported by structured training programs, embedded within a strong patient safety culture, and reinforced through multidisciplinary collaboration.
Experience of Applying Active Learning Models in the Development of Clinical Skills of Nursing Students: Phenomenological Study Edison Kabak
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i2.1151

Abstract

Background: The active learning model in nursing education is believed to be able to strengthen clinical skill development through hands-on experience and student engagement. However, the understanding of students' subjective experiences in applying this model is still limited. Objective: This study aims to explore the experiences of nursing students in applying active learning models to enhance their clinical skills. Methods: The study used a phenomenological approach with an in-depth purposive sampling technique, interviews with 12 Wamena D-III Nursing students. The data were analyzed thematically to identify students' experiences, strategies, and reflections in clinical practice. Results: Students report that active engagement, decision-making, role adaptation, and self-reflection are key aspects of clinical skills development. The application of active learning helps improve technical competence, confidence, communication, and readiness to face the challenges of clinical practice. Conclusion: Active learning is effective in building students' clinical skills comprehensively, as well as forming professional competencies that are adaptive, reflective, and. Prepared to handle the complexities of clinical practice.
Application of Cold Packs to Reduce Pain and Hematoma After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Procedures in Posterior Stenosis Patients: A Case Study Nur Asnah Sitohang; Santi Sihombing
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 7 No. 6 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i6.1153

Abstract

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the standard reperfusion therapy in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients, but local complications such as pain and hematoma in the access area, especially femoral access, are still common. Non-pharmacological interventions in the form of cold packs are known to have benefits in reducing inflammation and reducing hematoma formation through local vasoconstriction mechanisms. This study aims to describe the application of cold packs in reducing pain and hematoma in posterior STEMI patients after PCI procedures. Method: This study used a single-case design on a 58-year-old female patient post-PCI through femoral access at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan. The cold pack intervention was wrapped in a towel or sterile gauze and applied for 15-20 minutes with the patient in a supine position. Pain assessment was performed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), while hematoma was evaluated through diameter and skin discoloration. Monitoring was done before and after the intervention and for three days. There was a significant reduction in pain from NRS 5 to 1-2 and hematoma shrinkage from ±5 cm to ±2 cm without active bleeding or side effects. Cold pack is effective, safe, and easy to apply as a nursing intervention in reducing pain and hematoma post-PCI. Cold packs are recommended as a nonpharmacologic nursing intervention that can reduce pain and hematoma post-PCI.
The Effectiveness of Sitting Position with Dangling Legs on Dyspnea in Chronic Heart Failure Patients Nur Asnah Sitohang; Nurul Huda Afifah
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 7 No. 6 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i6.1154

Abstract

Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with dyspnea being the most common symptom resulting from increased pulmonary venous pressure and pulmonary edema. Non-pharmacological interventions such as positioning, particularly the sitting position with legs hanging down, have been reported to effectively reduce dyspnea in patients with CHF. This manuscript aims to analyze the effectiveness of the sitting position with legs hanging down in reducing dyspnea perception and improving vital parameters. The research method used a single case study design with interventions applied to one CHF patient. Data were collected through interviews, observations, physical examinations, and medical documentation studies. Pain intensity was measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while respiratory and oxygenation parameters were assessed descriptively. The intervention results showed a decrease in respiratory rate from 24 to 18 breaths per minute and an increase in oxygen saturation from 96% to 98% within three days, accompanied by reduced dyspnea scores and improved breathing comfort. These findings indicate that the sitting position with legs hanging down is a simple, effective intervention that can be integrated into evidence-based nursing practices for patients with CHF.
Effectiveness of Foot Reflexology to Reduce Anxiety in A Patient with Coronary Artery Disease after Cabg: A Case Study Nur Asnah Sitohang; Evelina Naibaho
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 7 No. 6 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i6.1155

Abstract

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide and often requires Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery. Patients undergoing CABG are at high risk of experiencing postoperative anxiety, which can negatively affect haemodynamic stability, delay recovery, and impair overall clinical outcomes. Therefore, effective non-pharmacological nursing interventions are needed to manage anxiety during the postoperative period. This study aimed to describe the effectiveness of foot reflexology as a complementary nursing intervention in reducing anxiety in a post-CABG patient using an Evidence-Based Nursing (EBN) approach. Method: This study employed a single-case study design with an Evidence-Based Nursing approach. The subject was a 67-year-old male with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent three-graft off-pump CABG. Foot reflexology was administered for three consecutive days from postoperative day two to day four, for 30 minutes per foot in each session. Data were collected through comprehensive nursing assessment and analysed descriptively by comparing pre- and post-intervention anxiety levels using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), along with changes in vital signs and observed behavioural responses. The patient initially presented with moderate to high anxiety, with a DAS score of 52. Following the intervention, anxiety scores gradually decreased to 45 on the second postoperative day and further to 36 on the fourth postoperative day. Improvements were also observed in vital signs, sleep quality, and overall relaxation, with no adverse effects reported. The application of foot reflexology was proven effective as a complementary nursing intervention in reducing anxiety in post-CABG patients.

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