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Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Published by Global Health Science Group
ISSN : 27149749     EISSN : 27151972     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr
Core Subject :
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research is a open access, peer reviewed and refereed international journal. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research aim to publish original research paper devoted to various area of all health sciences. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research provides a forum for sharing timely and up-to-date publication of scientific research, health care and promoting the development of nursing, public health, community, environmental and occupational health. The journal publishes original research papers of health sciences. High priority will be given to articles on public, nursing, adolescent, community, environmental and occupational health, pharmaceutical technology, social pharmacy, traditional medicine, pharmacology, and so on.
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Articles 1,005 Documents
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The Effect of Nira Beverage Consumption on Blood Glucose Levels and Glycemic Index in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: An Experimental Study Liawaty Usman Sidiki; Sunarto Kadir; Laksmyn Kadir
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1133

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem with a continuously increasing prevalence. Dietary regulation is a key pillar in glycemic control for DM management. Palm sap (nira aren) is a traditional beverage reported to have a low glycemic index; however, public concerns regarding its potential alcohol content have raised controversy about its consumption among individuals with DM. This study aimed to determine the effect of nira beverage consumption on blood glucose levels and glycemic index in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study employed a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design involving 28 patients with diabetes mellitus. Data were collected through direct measurement of blood glucose levels using a glucometer before and after the intervention, while glycemic index was calculated based on standardized glycemic response procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test. The findings showed a statistically significant difference in blood glucose levels before and after nira beverage consumption in the intervention group (p = 0.000). In addition, glycemic index analysis demonstrated a significant difference (p = 0.001). Nira beverage consumption has a significant effect on blood glucose levels and glycemic index among patients with diabetes mellitus.
Analysis of Dental Caries Risk Factors Based on the DEF-T Index in Children Aged 6-7 Years Kartini Fajarsari Bilondatu; Margaretha Solang; Cecy Rahma Karim
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1134

Abstract

Dental caries is a chronic disease characterized by the destruction of hard dental tissues, including enamel, dentin, and cementum, resulting from bacterial activity within dental plaque that produces acids from food residues, particularly sugars and carbohydrates, adhering to tooth surfaces. These acids cause enamel demineralization, which, if it progresses, leads to the formation of cavities. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with dental caries occurrence based on the def-t index among children aged 6–7 years in Tolinggula District, North Gorontalo Regency. This cross-sectional study involved 74 children aged 6–7 years selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and clinical examinations, including def-t index assessment and salivary pH measurement. The questionnaire had undergone expert content validation and demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.70). Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple linear regression. The findings revealed significant associations between dental caries occurrence based on the def-t index and the consumption behavior of cariogenic foods and beverages (p = 0.000), toothbrushing frequency (p = 0.000), and salivary pH (p = 0.000). Among these variables, salivary pH was identified as the most dominant factor associated with dental caries occurrence (p = 0.000). Several risk factors were found to be significantly associated with dental caries occurrence based on the def-t index among children aged 6–7 years in Tolinggula District, North Gorontalo Regency, with salivary pH being the strongest contributing factor.
Effectiveness of Ice Pack Application on Pain During Intravenous Insertion Procedures in Preschool-Aged Children Fini Heryani; Haryatiningsih Purwandi
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1136

Abstract

Introduction: Intravenous (IV) cannulation in preschool-aged children often causes pain, which can affect their comfort and overall experience in hospital. Various pain reduction techniques, such as deep-breathing and distraction, are commonly used but are not always effective in directly minimising pain. One non-pharmacological method to reduce pain is the application of ice packs or cold compresses. Aim: This article review aims to evaluate the effect of ice pack application on pain in preschool-aged children undergoing IV cannulation. Methods: This literature review utilised five databases: Google Scholaa Intravenous (IV) cannulation in preschool-aged children often causes pain, which can affect their comfort and overall experience in hospital. Various pain reduction techniques, such as deep-breathing and distraction, are commonly used but are not always effective in directly minimising pain. One non-pharmacological method to reduce pain is the application of ice packs or cold compresses.  This article review aims to evaluate the effect of ice pack application on pain in preschool-aged children undergoing IV cannulation. This literature review utilised five databases: Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, PubMed, and Portal Garuda. The keywords used included “use of ice pack in preschool children”, “effectiveness of ice compress”, and “IV cannulation”. Of the 138 articles published between 2015 and 2025 prospective articles identified, only 13 met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the articles was assessed using the 2020 CASP instrument. Based on data extraction, the authors found that the use of ice packs is effective as a non-invasive intervention and can reduce pain during IV insertion. Conclusion: Paediatric nurses are advised to consider the use of ice packs as part of atraumatic care in order to minimise procedural pain in children. r, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, PubMed, and Portal Garuda. The keywords used included “use of ice pack in preschool children”, “effectiveness of ice compress”, and “IV cannulation”. Of the 138 prospective articles identified, only 13 met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the articles was assessed using the 2020 CASP instrument. Results: Based on data extraction, the authors found that the use of ice packs is effective as a non-invasive intervention and can reduce pain during IV insertion. Conclusion: Paediatric nurses are advised to consider the use of ice packs as part of atraumatic care in order to minimise procedural pain in children.
The Effect of Closed Suction System Use on the Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Literature Review Eppy Setiyowati; Widayati Widayati; Samsudi Samsudi; Eka Sulistiyowati
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1137

Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common and serious infections in patients who use mechanical ventilation. It has an incidence of 5–50% and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. One of the efforts to prevent Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the endotracheal suctioning procedure. Currently, there are closed suction systems and open suction systems. However, scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of closed suction systems in reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains variable. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of closed versus open suction systems in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated adult patients, This study is a systematic review of 13 articles published between 2020 until 2025, which were selected through the PRISMA-2020 process using databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Semantic Scholar. The inclusion studies involved adult patients who were mechanically ventilated for more than 48 hours and reported the incidence of ventilator–associated pneumonia (VAP) as the primary outcome. The review showed that most studies reported no significant difference between closed and open suction systems in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (p < 0.05). However, several studies have shown additional clinical benefits of closed suction systems, including improved oxygenation, reduced hypoxia, delayed onset of VAP, and reduced end expiratory pressure (PEEP). One study reported a significant reduction in VAP when closed suction was combined with chlorhexidine flushing. The close suction system has not been conclusively proven to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), however, it provides valuable clinical and safety benefits.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Exercise on Anxiety Levels in the Elderly Hendrawati Hendrawati; Muhammad Arifki; Riyanah Riyanah
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1138

Abstract

Anxiety is a common psychological problem experienced by older adults and can impact quality of life and cognitive function. Various non-pharmacological interventions have been used to reduce anxiety in older adults, but most studies still focus on physical activity and relaxation. Empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of cognitive training on anxiety in older adults is limited and shows varying results. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of cognitive training in reducing anxiety levels in older adults. Objective to determine the effectiveness of cognitive gymnastics on anxiety levels in the elderly at the Tresna Werdha 3 Social Home. This study used a quantitative approach with a pre-test and post-test design in one group. A sample of 45 elderly individuals was selected using the Slovin formula. Data collection was conducted through interviews and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire. The HARS questionnaire was valid (0.30 – 0.80) and reliable (Cronbach’s Alpha 0.93). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate methods using paired sample t-tests. Before the intervention, most elderly individuals experienced mild (46.8%) to moderate (31.9%) anxiety. After the intervention, the proportion of elderly with mild anxiety increased to 60%, and 8.9% experienced no anxiety. Paired Sample t-test results showed a significant decrease in anxiety scores (p < 0.001). Cognitive gymnastics is effective in significantly reducing anxiety levels in elderly individuals and can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention to improve the psychological well-being of elderly individuals.
Systematic Review: Side Efffects of Ramipril and Spironolactone Drug Combination in Cardiovascular Patients Fadhilah Nurul Hayati; Lantip Rujito
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 7 No. 6 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i6.1141

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, especially in developing countries. Combination therapy of ramipril, an ACE inhibitor, and spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, is widely used in hypertension and heart failure patients, offering clinical benefits such as blood pressure control and organ protection, but it also poses risks of hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction. This systematic review aimed to evaluate and identify the adverse effects of ramipril–spironolactone combination therapy. A systematic search was conducted in Google Scholar and PubMed NIH Central for articles published between 2020–2024 using the keywords “Ramipril” AND “Spironolactone” AND “Adverse Effect” and “Combination Therapy” AND “Cardiovascular Disease.” From an initial 1,026 articles, 38 were screened, 37 remained after duplicate removal, and 3 studies (2 from Google Scholar and 1 from PubMed) met the inclusion criteria. Article selection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and data were extracted on study design, population, interventions, outcomes, and adverse effects. The results indicate that although ramipril–spironolactone combination therapy provides significant cardiovascular benefits, it is consistently associated with hyperkalemia, hypotension, and renal dysfunction; therefore, close monitoring of potassium levels, renal function, and blood pressure is strongly recommended to minimize adverse outcomes.
Impact of Workload, Occupational Stress, and Remuneration on Staff Turnover Propensity Shiela Stefani Shiela; Kosasih Kosasih; Ayu Laili Rahmiyati; Vip Paramarta; Farida Yuliaty
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i2.1142

Abstract

This study analyzes the influence of workload, job stress, and compensation on turnover intention among hospital staff in Bandung. Utilizing a quantitative verificative design, data were collected from 103 employees and analyzed via Multiple Linear Regression using SPSS. The research aimed to quantify how these organizational factors collectively and individually drive the propensity of human capital to depart, which is critical in the competitive healthcare sector where replacement costs and knowledge loss are substantial. Descriptive findings reveal that while workload, stress, and compensation levels are currently moderate, the resulting turnover intention remains low. However, inferential analysis confirms a significant impact from all variables. Job stress is the most dominant predictor, uniquely accounting for 31.7% of the variance, followed by compensation (15.8%) and workload (9.2%). Collectively, these three factors explain 56.7% of the total fluctuations in turnover intention ($R^2 = 0.567$). The results demonstrate that workload and stress significantly increase the likelihood of exit, while higher compensation levels effectively mitigate it. These findings suggest that turnover intent is a latent risk highly sensitive to psychological and financial drivers. Management must prioritize proactive retention strategies, specifically targeting stress reduction through clearer job descriptions and improved work environments. Furthermore, maintaining competitive remuneration and equitable workload distribution is essential to prevent moderate dissatisfaction from escalating into actual attrition. By addressing these core determinants, healthcare institutions can stabilize their workforce, preserve institutional knowledge, and ensure the continuity of high-quality patient care.
Application of Acupressure Therapy to Reduce Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients Hanny Irmaya; Hendrawati Hendrawati; Juwita Winnar
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1143

Abstract

Hypertension is a condition of increased systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, which has the potential to cause various cardiovascular complications if not optimally managed. Hypertension can be managed through pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. One non-pharmacological method that can be used is acupressure therapy, a stimulation technique in the form of pressure on certain points on the body that aims to increase relaxation and improve blood circulation. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of applying acupressure therapy in reducing blood pressure in hypertension patients. The research method used is qualitative research with a descriptive case study approach. The study subjects consisted of four respondents with hypertension. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, physical examinations, and blood pressure measurements before and after the intervention according to standard operating procedures. The acupressure therapy intervention was carried out for two weeks with a total of six meetings. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that before the intervention, the respondents' blood pressure was in the range of 150–170 mmHg for systolic and 90–110 mmHg for diastolic. After acupressure therapy, all respondents experienced a decrease in blood pressure, with systolic blood pressure ranging from 8–14 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure between 10–14 mmHg. These results indicate that acupressure therapy is effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Acupressure therapy can be considered a complementary non-pharmacological intervention in the management of hypertension.
Optimizing Early Detection: Key Factors Influencing Hospital Early Warning System Implementation – A Systematic Review Hilma Fitria Nur Faiz; Masyitoh Basabih
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1147

Abstract

Early Warning System (EWS) is a clinical tool used to detect early signs of patient deterioration and prevent delayed interventions. Despite broad implementation, challenges persist related to healthcare providers’ readiness, organizational support, system design, and varied care environments. This study aims to identify and analyze factors influencing EWS implementation based on recent empirical evidence to support more effective and sustainable use in healthcare settings. A systematic review was conducted using five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink and ProQuest. The search employed key terms including “Early Warning System,” “EWS score,” “National Early Warning Score,” “NEWS2,” “hospital,” “implementation,” “adherence,” “barriers,” “facilitators,” and “healthcare professionals.” A total of 1,163 articles were initially identified. Following duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text assessment in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, 23 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. Eligible studies were open-access, published in English between 2018 and 2025, and reported original empirical findings related to EWS implementation. This review was registered with PROSPERO. The included studies identified four major categories of factors influencing EWS implementation: (1) Individual factors, including clinical experience, attitudes, knowledge, and emotional readiness; (2) Organizational factors, such as managerial support, patient safety culture, infrastructure, and institutional policies; (3) Intervention-related factors, including system design, training quality, and integration with information technology; and (4) Environmental factors, encompassing resource availability, facility conditions, and the need for local adaptation. Successful implementation of Early Warning Systems requires a comprehensive and integrated approach. Effectiveness and long-term sustainability are influenced by the extent to which implementation strategies are aligned with local clinical contexts, supported by structured training programs, embedded within a strong patient safety culture, and reinforced through multidisciplinary collaboration.
Experience of Applying Active Learning Models in the Development of Clinical Skills of Nursing Students: Phenomenological Study Edison Kabak
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i2.1151

Abstract

Background: The active learning model in nursing education is believed to be able to strengthen clinical skill development through hands-on experience and student engagement. However, the understanding of students' subjective experiences in applying this model is still limited. Objective: This study aims to explore the experiences of nursing students in applying active learning models to enhance their clinical skills. Methods: The study used a phenomenological approach with an in-depth purposive sampling technique, interviews with 12 Wamena D-III Nursing students. The data were analyzed thematically to identify students' experiences, strategies, and reflections in clinical practice. Results: Students report that active engagement, decision-making, role adaptation, and self-reflection are key aspects of clinical skills development. The application of active learning helps improve technical competence, confidence, communication, and readiness to face the challenges of clinical practice. Conclusion: Active learning is effective in building students' clinical skills comprehensively, as well as forming professional competencies that are adaptive, reflective, and. Prepared to handle the complexities of clinical practice.

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