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Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Published by Global Health Science Group
ISSN : 27149749     EISSN : 27151972     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr
Core Subject :
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research is a open access, peer reviewed and refereed international journal. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research aim to publish original research paper devoted to various area of all health sciences. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research provides a forum for sharing timely and up-to-date publication of scientific research, health care and promoting the development of nursing, public health, community, environmental and occupational health. The journal publishes original research papers of health sciences. High priority will be given to articles on public, nursing, adolescent, community, environmental and occupational health, pharmaceutical technology, social pharmacy, traditional medicine, pharmacology, and so on.
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Articles 868 Documents
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Needs Analysis for Developing a Constraints-Led Traditional Game to Combat Sedentary Lifestyles in Elementary Students Nawi Nawi; Bambang Priyono
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.2481

Abstract

The global epidemic of sedentary lifestyles and excessive gadget use has severely degraded the physical fitness of elementary school students, specifically their agility and cardiovascular endurance. While traditional games like Gobak Sodor offer motor skill benefits, they often lack precise physiological intensity control and utilize passive elimination systems. This study aims to develop and evaluate "Go Ben," a modified Gobak Sodor game designed using the Constraints-Led Approach (CLA) to combat sedentary behaviors. Employing the Borg and Gall Research and Development (R&D) methodology, the study involved Grade 5 students across five elementary schools in the Cirebon region. Participants were selected utilizing a purposive sampling technique, which initially involved a sample of 12 to 15 students for the preliminary field test, before expanding to a main sample of 60 students for operational field testing. The CLA framework was applied to manipulate task, environmental, and individual constraints, replacing passive elimination with active penalties and introducing cognitive tools like "Magic Cards". Following expert validation that scored the model at 95.3% feasibility, a quasi-experimental Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design was conducted on the 60 sampled students. The results demonstrated that the "Go Ben" intervention significantly enhanced agility, with median shuttle run times decreasing from 12.45 to 11.24 seconds (p < 0.001). Additionally, cardiovascular endurance improved significantly, with median Bleep Test scores rising from 18.54 to 20.00 (p < 0.001), successfully outperforming conventional physical education methods (p = 0.045). Ultimately, this CLA-modified game serves as a highly effective, continuous-flow physical training instrument designed to optimize students' physical conditioning, prevent early obesity, and simultaneously preserve local cultural heritage.
The Relationship between Stunting and Toddler Development Asmarawanti Asmarawanti; Fani Oktavia Putri
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.685

Abstract

Child development is the process of increasing the capabilities of the body's structure and function. There are various factors that influence toddler development, and special attention needs to be given to poor nutritional status, one of which is stunting. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between stunting and development in toddlers. This study employed a correlational method with a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of mothers with toddlers, with a sample size of 224 people. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. Data collection used observation sheets covering the age and height of toddlers and the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire (KPSP). Statistical analysis used Continuity Correction. The results show that most respondents were not stunted and had normal development, namely 187 people (83.5%). Statistical testing yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), meaning that there is a relationship between stunting and toddler development. There is a link between stunting and toddler development. Community health centres are expected to increase their activities in checking growth and development and monitoring the nutritional status of toddlers on a regular basis.
Effectiveness of Lifestyle Interventions Based on Diet, Physical Activity, and Digital Technology in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Complications: A Systematic Review Muhammad Muttaqien; Adelvia Nobunome; Agun Arya Wijaya; Ika Nur Pratiwi
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.1103

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) requires comprehensive lifestyle management to prevent life-threatening microvascular and macrovascular complications. Although diet and physical activity are the main pillars, the integration of digital technology offers new potential for improving compliance and clinical outcomes. Objective: This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of multidomain lifestyle interventions (diet, physical activity, digital technology) on glycemic control, cardiovascular complication risk, and quality of life in T2DM patients. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and SAGE Journals databases for English and Indonesian articles published between 2020 and 2025. Study selection followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using the Search String pumped ("Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"[MeSH] OR "T2DM" OR "prediabetes") AND ("Life Style"[MeSH] OR "diet" OR "physical activity" OR "exercise") AND ("Telemedicine"[MeSH] OR "mobile app" OR "digital health") AND ("Randomized Controlled Trial" OR "Cohort Study". Search String Scopus TITLE-ABS-KEY(("Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2" OR "T2DM") AND ("Life Style" OR "diet" OR "exercise") AND ("digital health" OR "mobile app") AND ("RCT" OR "Cohort")). Search String sage journal ("Type 2 Diabetes” OR "T2DM") AND ("Lifestyle" OR "Diet" OR "Physical Activity") AND ("Digital Health" OR "App). Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) instrument. Due to high clinical heterogeneity, data were synthesized narratively. A total of 20 studies (17 RCTs and 3 Prospective Cohort Studies; N > 50,000) met the inclusion criteria. Low-carbohydrate and plant-based dietary interventions significantly reduced HbA1c with Mean Differences (MD) ranging from -0.5% to -1.3% and supported diabetes remission (NNT=5.3). The combination of aerobic and resistance physical activity reduced inflammatory markers and improved insulin sensitivity. Digital technology-based interventions (apps/CGM) recorded an average HbA1c reduction of -0.4% to -1.8% (p<0.01) and increased Time-in-Range (+31 minutes/day). Long-term evidence shows that combined lifestyle interventions reduce cardiovascular mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.54; 95% CI 0.3–0.9) and diabetes incidence (HR 0.76) over a 20–30-year follow-up period. The combination of dietary modification, structured physical activity, and digital technology provides superior clinical effectiveness compared to single interventions. Despite limitations such as heterogeneity in intervention duration, the evidence supports the integration of hybrid (digital-physical) care models into standard nursing practice for the prevention of long-term complications.
Effectiveness of Combining Family Support Programs and Health Education in Reducing Anxiety among Families of Patients in the ICU: A Systematic Review Milah Rohmatul Karmilah; Purnawan Iwan
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.1145

Abstract

Changes in the patient's condition, which can deteriorate or improve rapidly, often increase uncertainty and emotional pressure on the family including anxiety. Among various interventions, family support programs and health education can be implemented to reduce family anxiety. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of family support program and health education on anxiety in families of patients in the ICU. A systematic search was conducted across three databases (PubMed Central, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library) for studies published up to 2023. Eligible studies met the following criteria (1) peer review studies in English and Indonesian; (2) involving adullt families treated in the ICU; (3) implementing family support programs or education; (4) standard care implemented in the control group; (5) measured variables include patient family anxiety; (6) quantitative experimental research; and (7) publications from 2015 to 2025. The screening process was conducted in two phases: title and abstract screening, followed by full-text assessment, with methodological quality evaluation. The tools used to measure bias risk were JBI and RoB 2. A total of 4,015 articles were identified, and only 8 of them met the criteria. Four articles discussed family support programs with an RCT design, and four articles discussed health education with quasi and pre-experimental designs. All articles showed a significant effect in reducing the anxiety of patients' families in the ICU. Future research is recommended to explore standardized intervention protocols and evaluate long-term outcomes.
Factors Associated with Ocular Disorders in Children with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Ivana Garcia Sembiring; Mahrani Lubis; Rosmayanti Syafriani Siregar; Rina Amelia; Rita Evalina; Aridamuriany D. Lubis
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.1198

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving multiple organs and causing systemic damage, characterized by the formation of autoantibodies and immune complexes. Ocular involvement is estimated to occur in approximately one-third of individuals with SLE and may affect various ocular structures. Ocular manifestations associated with SLE are highly variable and may lead to delayed diagnosis, potentially resulting in poor outcomes and vision-threatening complications. To analyze risk factors associated with ocular disorders in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This was an analytic cross-sectional study conducted at the Allergy-Immunology outpatient clinic and pediatric inpatient ward of Adam Malik General Hospital starting in April 2025. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling. A total of 41 patients with SLE were analyzed. The duration of treatment was found to be a risk factor associated with ocular disorders in children with SLE (p=0.005). The prevalence of ocular disorders among children with SLE was 29.3%. The most common ocular disorder observed in children with SLE undergoing treatment was ocular hypertension, found in 9 patients (22%). Based on ordinal regression analysis, each additional year of treatment duration increased the likelihood of worsening therapeutic outcomes by 1.76 times (p<0.05). Treatment duration is a significant risk factor for ocular disorders in children with systemic lupus erythematosus, with ocular hypertension being the most common type of ocular disorder. Longer treatment duration increases the likelihood of worsening therapeutic outcomes.
The Relationship Between the Implementation of Body Ergonomics and the Risk of Work Injuries among Nurses Dian Kriswanti; Tatiana Siregar
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.1290

Abstract

The proper application of ergonomics plays an important role in preventing work injuries among nursing personnel who perform high levels of physical activity. Inadequate ergonomic practices may increase the risk of musculoskeletal complaints in nurses during routine clinical tasks. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the application of body ergonomics and the risk of work injuries among nurses at RS TK. II Moh. Ridwan Meuraksa. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. A total of 132 nurses, including implementing nurses and heads of wards, were selected using a total sampling technique. The application of body ergonomics was assessed using the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS), while the risk of work injury was measured using the Nordic Body Map (NBM). Instrument validity was tested using the Pearson Product Moment correlation (N = 30; r table = 0.361), and all items were declared valid. Reliability testing yielded a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.964 for the NBM (very high reliability) and 0.673 for the OWAS (moderate reliability). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test.  The results showed no significant relationship between the application of body ergonomics and the risk of work injuries among nurses (p-value = 0.582). Among individual characteristics, only age was significantly associated with the risk of work injury (p-value < 0.001), whereas BMI, height, and education level showed no significant association. Nurses performed various activities, including computer-based nursing documentation, vital sign assessment, wound care, infusion and catheter removal, medication administration, blood glucose monitoring, and patient mobilization. The most frequently reported musculoskeletal complaints were experienced in the neck, shoulders, back to waist, arms, wrists, knees, and calves. Musculoskeletal injuries among nurses are influenced by workload, working posture, and duration of work. Therefore, the role of nursing management in providing ergonomics training is essential, particularly for young nurses.
Overall Survival and Progression-Free Survival Comparison of Bevacizumab Plus Chemotherapy Combination Regiment Versus Chemotherapy Only Regiment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Comparative Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Tuti Sri Hastuti; Amaylia Oehadian; Reyhan Alfarizan; Aulia Wiratama Putra
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.1402

Abstract

Bevacizumab’s role in enhancing chemotherapy’s efficacy by inhibiting tumor vasculature has led to its incorporation in both first-line and second-line treatment protocols for mCRC. This meta-analysis and systematic review aim to provide a comprehensive comparison of the overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival (PFS) of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines using the PICO framework. Rigorous screening, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and statistical analysis were performed to investigate the OS and PFS of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. A total of 79 articles were retrieved from online databases (PubMed, SagePub, Nature and Cochrane) using combinations terms such as “metastatic colorectal cancer,” “bevacizumab,” “chemotherapy,” “overall survival,” and “progression-free survival.” After three rounds of screening, seven articles directly relevant to the meta-analysis were selected for full-text reading and analysis. The pooled OS across all studies is 0.79 (95% CI: [0.68, 0.93]), indicating a statistically significant overall survival benefit for bevacizumab plus chemotherapy. The pooled PFS across studies was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.54–0.87), strongly favoring the combination therapy for improved PFS. Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy offers survival benefits for metastatic colorectal cancer, especially in overall survival. However, increased risks of hypertension and bleeding require careful patient selection and monitoring. Ongoing research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and safety.
Evaluation Implementation of Immunization Program: A Qualitative Study Dwi Sulistyowati; Astrid Novita; Istianah Hariyanti
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.1445

Abstract

Some infectious diseases that can be prevented by vaccination include, especially pneumonia, respiratory diseases, and sepsis, causing approximately 23% of neonatal deaths globally. However, in implementation, there are still many health centers that have not been able to achieve the target of immunization for children. Evaluation of program implementation is needed to find obstacles and opportunities in improving achievements. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the implementation of immunization programs based on CIPP theory.  This research is qualitative with a case study approach. The study was conducted in 8 villages in the working area of the Bandung Health Center in July 2025. The informant was 25 person selected by purposive sampling. Analysis based on the CIPP approach with input, process, and output indicators. Data will be collected through in-depth interviews. The questionnaire will be used to collect qualitative. The instrument was valid and reliable by expert test. The informants in this study consisted of the head of the health center, cadres, village midwives, and the community. Data analysis uses Miles and Huberman’s principles and a matrix. Obstacles to the immunization program include: the number of Human Resources (HR) is still not ideal, the availability of vaccines is often late and limited, supervision is still not optimal and the budget does not involve the private sector, immunization schedules are tentative according to conditions, training and supervision that are not routinely carried out and still lie in the doubts and rejections of a small part of the community as well as limited service coverage in certain areas. Conclusion: Efforts to solve problems must emphasize 6 main points, namely: strengthening human resources, optimizing and validating data, strengthening cold chains, increasing community participation, strengthening cross-sectoral coordination, and equitable distribution of immunization services.
Navigating Therapy for Hyperthyroidism in Lactation: A Case Report and Review of Antithyroid Drug Safety Maya Safira; Naufal Gusti
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.1494

Abstract

Graves’ disease is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism in women of reproductive age and may relapse in the postpartum period, when immune reactivation and the desire to continue breastfeeding complicate antithyroid drug selection. This case report aims to describe the therapeutic decision making process in a breastfeeding mother with Graves’ hyperthyroidism and to provide practical insights that help bridge the gap between guideline recommendations and day to day clinical practice in navigating treatment options during lactation. Current guidelines indicate that methimazole at doses up to 20 mg per day can be used safely during breastfeeding. We report a 32‑year‑old woman with long‑standing Graves’ disease who experienced biochemical and clinical relapse two months postpartum, after discontinuing antithyroid therapy. At presentation, she was still breastfeeding her 9 month old infant. Hyperthyroidism was confirmed by markedly elevated free thyroxine and suppressed thyroid‑stimulating hormone, in the context of diffuse goiter and prior ophthalmopathy, findings consistent with postpartum Graves’ relapse rather than postpartum thyroiditis. Methimazole was reintroduced and titrated to 20 mg/day, with subsequent improvement in maternal symptoms and thyroid function, while breastfeeding was continued without clinical evidence of impaired growth or neurodevelopment in the infant. This case illustrates that methimazole at a daily dose of 20 mg can provide effective control of postpartum Graves’ hyperthyroidism without necessitating interruption of breastfeeding, in line with international recommendations that classify low to moderate doses of MMI as safe during lactation. Careful monitoring of maternal thyroid status and individualized counselling are essential to balance disease control with maintenance of lactation.
The Effectiveness of Cirebon Culture–Themed Audiovisual Distraction on Postoperative Pain among Laparotomy Patients Ahmad Ahmad; Arif Setyo Upoyo; Dian Ramawati
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.1506

Abstract

Postoperative pain following laparotomy is a common clinical problem that may hinder patient recovery if not adequately managed. In addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological interventions such as audiovisual distraction have been shown to reduce pain perception. Culturally based approaches may further enhance the effectiveness of distraction through emotional familiarity and psychological relaxation. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Cirebon culture–themed audiovisual distraction on postoperative pain among laparotomy patients at Gunung Jati Regional Hospital, Cirebon. A quasi-experimental study with an equivalent pretest–posttest control group design was conducted A total of 72 postoperative laparotomy patients were recruited using consecutive sampling and allocated to an intervention group (n = 36) and a control group (n = 36) . Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and Mann–Whitney test, with calculation of effect size. The intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in pain intensity after receiving Cirebon culture–themed audiovisual distraction (median pre-test = 3.0; median post-test = 2.0; p < 0.001). In contrast, the control group showed no significant change in pain intensity (p = 0.206). The Mann–Whitney test revealed a significant difference in pain reduction between groups (p < 0.001), with a large effect size (r = 0.7). Cirebon culture–themed audiovisual distraction effectively reduced postoperative pain among patients undergoing laparotomy, supporting its effectiveness as a culturally sensitive non-pharmacological nursing intervention.

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