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Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Published by Global Health Science Group
ISSN : 27149749     EISSN : 27151972     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr
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Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research is a open access, peer reviewed and refereed international journal. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research aim to publish original research paper devoted to various area of all health sciences. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research provides a forum for sharing timely and up-to-date publication of scientific research, health care and promoting the development of nursing, public health, community, environmental and occupational health. The journal publishes original research papers of health sciences. High priority will be given to articles on public, nursing, adolescent, community, environmental and occupational health, pharmaceutical technology, social pharmacy, traditional medicine, pharmacology, and so on.
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Articles 868 Documents
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Integrated Primary Care in Indonesia's Private Facilities: A Scoping Review Dewa Ayu Risma Adhi Pramita; Luh Vida Sasmitha
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 6 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research: December 2026
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i6.2559

Abstract

Indonesia's Integrasi Layanan Primer (ILP) reform reorganizes primary care around the life course, prevention, and coordinated service networks. Implementation has concentrated on Puskesmas and their public networks, while private first-level health facilities remain major access points within the National Health Insurance system. Objective to synthesize evidence on ILP implementation and identify components that can be realistically adapted for private primary care facilities in Indonesia. This scoping review followed JBI guidance and PRISMA-ScR reporting. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched using keyword combinations including integrated primary care, Integrasi Layanan Primer, Puskesmas, private primary care, FKTP, and BPJS for empirical studies published in 2021-2026. Journal indexing was cross-checked through SINTA for Indonesian sources. Of 87 records initially identified, fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were synthesized using inductive thematic narrative analysis. Five themes emerged: institutional readiness, digital information systems, financing and referral governance, private-sector roles and constraints, and international lessons on integrated care. Readiness was uneven, with recurrent gaps in workforce capacity, infrastructure, data interoperability, and financing. The evidence supports four enabling conditions for private-sector participation: fit-for-purpose clinical pathways, interoperable data exchange, aligned incentives, and facility-level clinical leadership. A networked model, with Puskesmas coordinating territorial public-health functions and private facilities acting as connected clinical nodes, appears more feasible than direct replication of the Puskesmas cluster model. Expanding ILP to private facilities is feasible but should be phased and governed as a partnership rather than treated as a simple policy extension. Clear accountability, referral feedback, financing, data standards, workforce support, and patient-centered continuity are necessary to prevent integration from becoming additional administrative burden without meaningful improvement in care.
Incidents of Self-Harm, Suicide Ideas, and Anxiety among Adolescents in An Islamic School: Risk Factors and Mental Health Implications Arif Widodo; Wita Oktaviana; Mohammad Zakki Azani; Silvia Firsa Permata; Salsya Bela Nadiya Putri
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.2560

Abstract

Self-harm, suicidal ideation and anxiety are mental health issues of growing concern among adolescents, including adolescents studying in Islamic schools. This study aims to describe the prevalence and influencing factors of self-harm, suicidal ideation and anxiety among adolescents in Islamic schools. Using a quantitative survey method, data were obtained from 300 students in Central Java through the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) instrument as well as questionnaires related to self-harm experiences and suicidal ideation, the instrument validity and reliability values between 0.397-0.906. This research use purposive sampling technique and uses univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the Spearman Rho-correlation test. Results showed that 25% of respondents had committed self-harm, 15% had suicidal ideation, and 40% experienced moderate to high anxiety. The main triggering factors included academic pressure, family conflict, and lack of social support. This study emphasises the need for early intervention and Islamic values-based mental health programmes to reduce the risk of mental disorders in adolescents. This adaptive programme can help adolescents manage stress through spiritual approaches and strengthening social support.
Redefining Osteoarthritis Through Imaging: from Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Genicular Artery Embolization Faradilla Novita Anggreini; Elysanti Dwi Martadiani; Jonathan Andryanto; Budi Martono
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i2.2561

Abstract

Osteoarthritis is traditionally perceived as a disease of "wear and tear", often diagnosed through radiographic findings such as joint space narrowing and osteophyte formation. However, this structural approach often delays diagnosis until irreversible joint damage occurs. Contemporary understanding of OA now recognizes it as a biologically active process involving synovitis, neovascularization, cartilage degeneration, and subchondral bone remodeling. This shift demands a redefinition of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, with radiology playing a central role in both. Objectives to review the evolving role of advanced imaging modalities in osteoarthritis (OA), including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Ultrasonography (US), and Computed Tomography (CT), and to evaluate the emerging therapeutic role of Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE) as an image-guided, non-surgical option for knee OA. MRI allows early detection of bone marrow edema, cartilage softening, and synovial inflammation. Advanced techniques such as T2 mapping, T1ρ, and delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) provide quantitative evaluation of cartilage integrity. US enables dynamic, bedside assessment of synovial hypertrophy and vascularity, particularly using Doppler imaging, making it valuable for monitoring active inflammation. Dual-energy CT enhances visualization of subchondral bone changes and urate deposition. These modalities also support patient selection and post-procedural monitoring for GAE, a minimally invasive, image-guided intervention that targets abnormal periarticular neovessels to alleviate pain and inflammation. GAE has shown promising results in patients with moderate knee OA, particularly those who are not candidates for surgery. Modern imaging does more than confirm osteoarthritis; it reveals its pathophysiology, progression, and therapeutic targets. Radiologists are no longer passive observers, but active contributors to OA care. By integrating MRI, US, CT, and interventional radiology techniques such as GAE, radiology is reshaping both diagnosis and treatment in this era of robust technology and multidisciplinary excellence.
Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Falls among Stroke Patients Ria Roswita; Nurhayati Nurhayati; I Gusti Ayu Putu Desy Rohana; Puspita Hanggit Lestari
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.2563

Abstract

Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, including in Indonesia. Older adults with stroke are at high risk of experiencing long-term complications, one of which is falls due to impaired motor function, balance, and physical function. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with falls among post-stroke patients in three provinces in Indonesia. This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted in South Kalimantan, Jakarta, and Palembang. The independent variables were fall risk factors, while the dependent variable was the occurrence of falls among post-stroke patients. Data were collected using the Morse Fall Scale (MFS) with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.825, sensitivity of 66.7%, and specificity of 81.6%. A total of 150 post-stroke patients were recruited using purposive sampling and the analysis using Chi Square Test. The analysis showed that, among the eight characteristics examined, four variables were significantly associated with fall risk: age (p = 0.040), sex (p = 0.045), marital status (p = 0.041), and stroke duration (p < 0.001). In contrast, education (p = 0.508), occupation (p = 0.966), health problems (p = 0.166), and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.123) were not significantly associated with fall risk. These findings highlight the importance of considering demographic characteristics and stroke duration in the identification and prevention of fall risk among post-stroke patients.
The Relationship between Spiritual Needs and Adherence to ARV Medication Yance Ronard Rainuny; Yestiani Norita Joni; Fenska Narly Makualaina; Lisma Natalia Br Sembiring; Fathia Inayati Said; Farhan Imba
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 6 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research: December 2026
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i6.2569

Abstract

Adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is crucial for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) to suppress viral replication and prevent resistance. The spiritual dimension is often considered a source of internal strength, yet its relationship with medical adherence at the primary health center level remains under-researched. This study aims to analyze the relationship between spiritual needs and adherence  to antiretroviral (ARV) medication at the Sentani Health Center. This analytical quantitative study with a cross-sectional design involved 59 respondents selected via incidental sampling at the Sentani Public Health Center (October 2024–February 2025). The research instruments used in this study were the Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SPNQ) and the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The results of the validity and reliability tests indicated that both instruments were valid, reliable, and suitable for use in this study. Data were analyzed using the Kendall’s Tau-b correlation test.  The majority of respondents were aged 20-24 years (44.1%) and were female (50.8%). A total of 86.4% of respondents reported high spiritual needs, yet 93.2% exhibited low adherence to ARV medication. Statistical testing indicated no significant correlation between spiritual needs and ARV medication adherence (p = 0.416 > 0.05), with a very weak and negative relationship (r = -0.107). High spiritual needs do not directly guarantee adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) medication among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at the Sentani Community Health Center. Adherence is a multifactorial phenomenon that is likely influenced more by psychosocial factors, family support, and distress tolerance.
Prior Endoscopic Treatment and Recurrence after Anterior Urethroplasty in Men with Urethral Stricture Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Johan Rirpad Muis Tampubolon; Christiany Permata Sari Lumban Toruan; Lintang Dwi Utari
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 6 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research: December 2026
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i6.2570

Abstract

Endoscopic treatment is frequently performed before definitive urethroplasty in men with anterior urethral stricture disease. However, the association between prior endoscopic intervention and postoperative recurrence or failure after urethroplasty remains clinically important, particularly among patients who undergo repeated dilation or direct vision internal urethrotomy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between prior endoscopic treatment and recurrence or failure following anterior urethroplasty, including the potential effect of repeated prior endoscopic procedures. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were searched from database inception without publication-year restrictions.  A total of 2,619 records were identified, of which 15 observational studies published between 2003 and 2022 were ultimately included in the systematic review. Eligible studies included adult men with anterior urethral stricture disease who underwent urethroplasty and reported extractable data on prior endoscopic treatment and postoperative recurrence or failure. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for dichotomous outcomes, while adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled separately using the generic inverse variance method. Fifteen observational studies comprising 4,515 patients were included. Prior endoscopic treatment was associated with a higher risk of recurrence or failure after urethroplasty than no prior endoscopic treatment or primary urethroplasty (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.13–2.21; p = 0.008; I² = 0%). Time-to-event analyses similarly demonstrated an increased risk (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.12–1.97; p = 0.006; I² = 58%). Repeated prior endoscopic procedures were associated with an approximately twofold higher risk of recurrence or failure (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.30–3.28; p = 0.002; I² = 17%). Prior endoscopic treatment is associated with poorer outcomes following anterior urethroplasty, with a more pronounced risk among patients undergoing repeated endoscopic procedures. These findings support earlier referral for reconstructive evaluation in patients with recurrent anterior urethral stricture disease who are unlikely to benefit from further endoscopic management.
Sequential Gemcitabine and Docetaxel Versus BCG for High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Syafiq Aufa; Jufriady Ismy
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 6 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research: December 2026
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i6.2572

Abstract

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the gold standard for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC). However, toxicities and global shortages necessitate alternatives. Sequential gemcitabine and docetaxel (Gem/Doce) is a prominent candidate. To systematically analyze the efficacy, tolerability, and biomarker-driven selection of Gem/Doce versus BCG in BCG-naïve HR-NMIBC. Following PRISMA guidelines, databases (PubMed, Scilit, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar) were searched (2015–2026) for comparative studies in BCG-naïve HR-NMIBC patients. Out of 300 initial records retrieved, 58 duplicates were removed, leaving 242 unique articles for screening. Following title and abstract screening, 229 irrelevant papers were excluded, and 13 full-text manuscripts were assessed for eligibility. Ultimately, 6 high-quality studies met all selection criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Evaluated outcomes included recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), complete response (CR) rates, and adverse events. Risk of bias was assessed using MINORS. Six studies (1,126 patients) were synthesized. In unselected cohorts, Gem/Doce showed comparable or superior 24-month high-grade RFS (HG-RFS: 81% vs. 69%; HR 0.57, p=0.04) and fewer discontinuations due to toxicity (2.9% vs. 9.2%; p=0.02) than BCG. In pure Ta high-grade (TaHG) papillary disease, BCG was superior for RFS (62% vs. 37%, p=0.013) and PFS (97% vs. 83%, p<0.001; HR 13.54). Chronological age did not significantly affect response, though older patients showed stable RFS with Gem/Doce compared to a decline with BCG. AI-powered digital pathology (CHAI) and transcriptomic signatures (ESTIMATE) successfully predicted suboptimal BCG responses (RFS 56% and 63%) but exceptional Gem/Doce responses (RFS 90%). MINORS scores (17–22) indicated low bias. Sequential Gem/Doce is a highly effective, tolerable first-line alternative to BCG, particularly for older patients and those with adverse histologic or immune-score transcriptomic profiles. BCG remains superior for pure TaHG papillary disease.  
Reliable Fixation and Favorable Union Following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Using Headless Cannulated Compression Screws in Pediatric Femoral Neck Fracture: A Case Report Subhan Thaib; Fikri Akbar
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 6 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research: December 2026
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i6.2573

Abstract

Pediatric femoral neck fractures are rare, accounting for less than 1% of pediatric fractures, but carry substantial risks of avascular necrosis (AVN), nonunion, and growth disturbance. Early diagnosis and stable fixation are essential, although the optimal fixation method in adolescents remains controversial. To describe the clinical and radiographic outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation using headless cannulated compression screws in an adolescent with a nondisplaced femoral neck fracture. A 13-year-old boy presented with acute right hip pain and inability to bear weight after falling from a bunk bed. Radiographs demonstrated a nondisplaced Garden type II femoral neck fracture. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed using three headless cannulated compression screws in a triangular configuration under fluoroscopic guidance. Anatomic reduction and stable fixation were achieved. A staged rehabilitation protocol was initiated postoperatively. Serial radiographs showed progressive fracture healing, with assisted ambulation at 3 months and full, pain-free hip function at 6 months. Accurate reduction and stable fixation are critical to prevent secondary displacement and minimize AVN risk. Headless cannulated compression screws provide interfragmentary compression, rotational stability, and minimal physeal disruption. In this case, timely surgery and stable fixation resulted in fracture union without complications.  Open reduction and internal fixation using headless cannulated compression screws achieved reliable union, preserved hip function, and avoided major complications, supporting its use as a treatment option for nondisplaced femoral neck fractures in adolescents.
Performance Evaluation of Air Putih Community Health Center BLUD in Samarinda Using the Balanced Scorecard: A 2024 Descriptive Case Study Zheditya Ayu Syawalia; Ratno Adrianto; Akhmad Azmiardi; Ida Ayu Indira Dwika Lestari
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 6 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research: December 2026
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i6.2576

Abstract

Public healthcare reform in Indonesia has encouraged Puskesmas to adopt the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) financial management model, which provides greater financial flexibility while requiring stronger accountability and performance management. Evaluating BLUD performance through multiple dimensions is therefore important for identifying structural strengths and weaknesses that may not be reflected in financial indicators alone. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of BLUD Puskesmas Air Putih, Samarinda City, in 2024 using the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard. A descriptive quantitative approach with a single-case study design was employed. Secondary data were obtained from institutional documents, including the revised Business and Budget Plan, monthly financial realisation reports, Minimum Service Standards (SPM) records, the Application for Facilities, Infrastructure, and Medical Equipment (ASPAK), and workforce-needs data. Performance was analysed across the financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth perspectives. The financial perspective showed 97.08% effectiveness, 95.85% efficiency, and 25.35% independence. Five months experienced monthly deficits. The average SPM achievement was 61.4%, with strong maternal and child health performance but low non-communicable disease screening achievement, particularly hypertension at 11.31%. SPA completeness reached 83.96%, while only 1 of 193 mandatory-calibration medical devices had been calibrated. Workforce analysis showed that 66.3% of mapped positions were understaffed. BLUD Puskesmas Air Putih demonstrated uneven performance across the four Balanced Scorecard perspectives. Overall, the findings revealed financial dependence, service gaps, equipment quality risks, and workforce shortages across the four perspectives.
Dose-Dependent Chondrotoxicity of Intra-Articular Vancomycin in New Zealand White Rabbits: A Prospective True Experimental Study Husnul Fuad Albar; Iman Dwi Winanto; Ahmad Syahril Anwar
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 6 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research: December 2026
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i6.2584

Abstract

Local vancomycin is increasingly used in orthopaedic procedures to increase antimicrobial exposure at the surgical site, but the concentration at which direct intra-articular exposure damages intact cartilage remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine whether intra-articular vancomycin produces concentration-dependent histopathological injury in New Zealand White rabbit knee cartilage. Twenty-eight male rabbits were randomised to saline control or vancomycin at 2.5, 5, or 7.5 mg/mL and observed for 14 days. Safranin-O/Fast Green-stained cartilage was assessed by blinded observers using Modified Mankin scoring and Osteoarthritis Research Society International grading. All animals completed follow-up without clinical infection or systemic adverse events. Mean Modified Mankin scores were 2.14 ± 0.69, 4.29 ± 1.25, 4.29 ± 1.98, and 7.71 ± 2.36 in the control, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mg/mL groups, respectively; severe lesions occurred only at 7.5 mg/mL, affecting four of seven specimens. These findings demonstrate a concentration-related in vivo cartilage safety signal and provide tissue-level evidence that complements recent chondrocyte toxicity and local vancomycin pharmacokinetic studies.

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