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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Distribution, host range and detection of seed-borne yellow mosaic disease on yardlong beans (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis L.) in the special region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia DEDI MULYADI; Sri Sulandari; SEDYO HARTONO; SUSAMTO SOMOWIYARJO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 9 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220942

Abstract

Abstract. Mulyadi D, Sulandari S, Hartono S, Somowiyarjo S. 2021. Distribution, host range and detection of seed-borne yellow mosaic disease on yardlong beans (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis L.) in the special region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3949-3957. Yellow mosaic disease found in legumes is caused by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV). MYMIV has been reported to cause yellow mosaic infection on yardlong beans (Vigna unguiculata subsp. Sesquipedalis L.) in various regions of Indonesia and has resulted in major yield loss. Symptoms of mosaic and yellowing are found in the leaves and on the pods, which means that the virus may be seed-borne. The purpose of this study was to identify the distribution, host range of pathogens, and to investigate whether yellow mosaic virus was seed-borne or not. Sample collection, disease incidence and severity observations were done at yardlong bean fields in the District of Sleman, Bantul, and Kulon Progo. Samples were tested using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and phylogenetic tree analysis. Host range was tested by inoculating MYMIV using Bemisia tabaci to test plants. Two types of seeds were used in seed-borne tests, i.e. certified commercial seeds and malformed pods from infected plants. Results showed that yellow mosaic virus was found in all observation sites. Highest disease incidence was recorded in Sleman (50%) followed by Kulon Progo (45%) and Bantul (23%). Whereas 45.89%, 41.29% and 39.83%, disease severity was noted in Sleman, Kulon Progo and Bantul, respectively phylogenetic tree analysis showed that isolates used in this study were similar to other Indonesian isolates. Host range test revealed that yardlong beans, mungbeans (Vigna radiata L.), sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), eggplants (Solanum melongena L.), and tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) were infected with MYMIV, showing symptoms of irregular yellow and mosaic spots on plant leaves. Transmission test exhibited that tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum L.) did not show viral infection. PCR detection proved that MYMIV isolates obtained from Yogyakarta may be transmitted through whole seeds, seed coat, cotyledon, and young leaves from sprouting seeds. Mild mosaic symptoms were appeared after sprouting, and gradually vein clearing was observed at 14 days, mosaic at 21 days, and complete leaf yellowing at 45 days after planting.
Radial variability of fibrovascular bundle properties of salacca (Salacca zalacca) fronds cultivated on Turi Agrotourism in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Luthfi Hakim; RAGIL WIDYORINI; WIDYANTO DWI NUGROHO; TIBERTIUS AGUS PRAYITNO3
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220861

Abstract

Abstract. Hakim L, Widyorini R, Nugroho WD, Prayitno TA. 2021. Radial variability of fibrovascular bundle properties of salacca (Salacca zalacca) fronds cultivated on Turi Agrotourism in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3594-3603. Fibrovascular bundles have properties variability not only based on species and varieties but also parts of species. This study, therefore, aims to characterize the FVB fundamental properties (anatomical, chemical, physical and mechanical) of Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss fronds, based on radial direction. The salacca fronds were divided into three parts, outer, middle as well as inner positions. Then the FVB's anatomical and physical properties were observed by light microscope and gravimetry analysis, respectively. Meanwhile, the variability of chemical and mechanical properties was investigated based on the ASTM standard. According to the results, the outer position has a higher variability of diameter, density, cellulose, lignin, and mechanical properties than the inner position, but has a lower hemicellulose value than the middle and inner position. Furthermore, the relationships between the anatomical, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties were discovered to form a pattern where increasing the mechanical properties is influenced by density and ratio vascular tissue area to total transverse area. Based on the results, the fibrovascular bundle of S. zalacca frond was concluded to possess anatomical, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties variability on the radial direction. There was a correlation between anatomical properties and mechanical properties.
Diversity, biomass, covers, and NDVI of restored mangrove forests in Karawang and Subang Coasts, West Java, Indonesia Agung Suwanto; Noverita Dian Takarina; Raldi Hendro Koestoer; Evi Frimawaty
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 9 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220960

Abstract

Abstract. Suwanto A, Takarina ND, Koestoer RH, Frimawaty E. 2021. Diversity, biomass, covers, and NDVI of restored mangrove forests in Karawang and Subang Coasts, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4115-4122. Indonesia has been recognized as the country with greatest diversity of mangrove species with significant amount of carbon sink and biomass. In few recent decades, mangrove forests have been deforested significantly. One of the solutions to deal with mangrove deforestation is through restoration. West Java north coasts are one of the areas that have experienced deforestation, however and mangrove restorations have been conducted mainly in Karawang and Subang coasts. Correspondingly this research aims to assess the mangrove diversity using index and biomass resulted from restoration program in those coasts. To assess the mangrove diversity in each coast on June 2021, 6 sampling stations containing 3 replicated sample plots of size 10 m × 10 m were located. In total 8 species with 1549 trees were been sampled. In Subang the order of mangrove species from common to less-common species were Avicennia marina > Rhizophora mucronata > Sonneratia caseolaris > Acanthus ilicifolius > Bruguiera gymnorhiza. While the order in Karawang was Avicennia marina > Rhizophora mucronata > Rhizophora apiculata > Sonneratia caseolaris > Bruguiera gymnorhiza. The mangrove diversity (H)’ was significantly different (p = 0.000, F = 2.216) with diversity in Subang Coast (average H' = 1.326, 95% CI: 1.15-1.5) was higher than in Karawang (average H’ = 1.063, 95%CI: 0.934-1.2). Estimated restored mangrove covers in Subang were 3.612 km2 and 0.46 km2 in Karawang. R. mucronata was mangrove species that has the highest biomass with the value of 1337.91 mg ha-1 and the lowest was A. marina with value of 14.3 mg ha-1. The results suggest that restoration areas in Subang and Karawang have significant contributions to maintain mangrove diversity, biomass, and covers.
Influence of understorey diversity on wildlife at the coal mining reclamation area in South Kalimantan, Indonesia Yusanto Nugroho; SUYANTO SUYANTO; SUPANDI SUPANDI; Jeriels Matatula; Pandu Wirabuana
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 9 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220917

Abstract

Abstract. Nugroho Y, Supandi, Suyanto, Matatula J, Wirabuana PYAP. 2021. Influence of understorey diversity on wildlife at the coal mining reclamation area in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3736-3743. The existence of understorey at the coal mining reclamation area provides an important contribution to improve the environmental quality, especially the wildlife presence. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influence of understorey diversity on the wildlife at the coal mining reclamation area managed by the PT Borneo Indobara, South Kalimantan. This study used an ecological survey conducted in three reclamation areas classified based on the dominant species supporting the process, namely Paraserianthes falcataria (L-1), Anthocephalus cadamba (L-2), and a mixture of both species (L-3). The data were collected in two observation periods, namely August 2019 and August 2020. The results showed that at the first observation, ten families of understorey were observed from the survey and the highest diversity was recorded in L-2 (H'=1.71), followed by L-1 (H'=1.54), and L-3 (H'=1.27). Meanwhile, the wildlife in the first periods was only 6 species consisting of 3 birds, 2 reptiles, and 1 mammal. The number of species from every site was relatively equal at the first observation. In the second observation, the diversity of understorey considerably increased with approximately 22 families from the inventory. The highest understorey diversity in this observation was recorded in L-1 (H'=3.30), L-2 (H'=3.05), and L-3 (H'=3.04). Also, the higher understorey diversity was followed by the higher wildlife with 29 species, which consists of 26 birds, 2 reptiles, and 1 mammal. The highest appearance of bird species was in the L-1 with approximately 19 species, while the number of birds in L-2 and L-3 was relatively similar with approximately 15 species. Based on these results, the understorey diversity significantly contributes to improving the wildlife diversity at the coal mining reclamation area, primarily from the bird species.
Isolation and identification of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of forest clove rhizosphere from Maluku, Indonesia Asri Subkhan Mahulette; Anggra Alfian; ABDUL KARIM KILKODA; IMELDA JEANETTE LAWALATA; DESSY ARIYANI MARASABESSY; VILMA LAURIEN TANASALE; MARLITA HERLIN MAKARUKU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220863

Abstract

Abstract. Mahulette AS, Alfian A, Kilkoda KA, Lawalata IJ, Marasabessy DA, Tanasale VL, Makaruku MH. 2021. Isolation and identification of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of forest clove rhizosphere from Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3613-3619. Forest clove is classified as wild-type and endemic to the Maluku (Moluccas) Islands, Indonesia. The different condition of growing areas causes various types of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) associated with forest clove. The study aimed to identify and obtain indigenous AMF inoculums from the forest clove rhizosphere from two distribution areas in Maluku. The results of AMF identification found two types of spores from the genus Glomus in the rhizosphere of forest cloves from Ambon Island with a spore density of 35/50 g of soil. In comparison, three spores were found in Seram Island, two from the genus Scutellospora and one from the Acaulospora. With an overall spore density of 5/50 g of soil. After culture trapping, there was a change in type and an increase in spore density in soil samples from the rhizosphere of the two forest clove distribution areas. Soil samples from Ambon after trapping culture obtained two new types of spores from the genus Acaulospora with a total spore number of 57/50 g soil while in soil samples from Seram found three new types of spores from the genus Glomus with a total spore count of 104/50 g of soil.
Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. flowering stages and its visitor insects Deden Mudiana; ESTI E. ARIYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220848

Abstract

Abstract. Mudiana D, Ariyanti EE. 2021. Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. flowering stages and its visitor insects. Biodiversitas 22: 3489-3496. “Pucuk merah” or Red lip (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) is widely known as an ornamental plant used as garden components. This species belongs to the Myrtaceae family with the scientific name Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. This paper specifically aimed to observe the stages of flowering and visiting insects of S. myrtifolium, while the determination of insects as pollinators was not carried out in this study, and was intended merely to make a species list of visiting insects, without counting the number of individuals and the times of their visits. These are done by examining two individual trees of S. myrtifolium (which have flowered and fruited several times) during its flowering season, recording all visible flower developments and the visitor insects. The visitor insects were observed during flower bloom. The results showed ten stages of flowering process in S. myrtifolium starting from emerging flower buds until fruits riped, which took 105-124 days. Twelve species of insects were recorded visiting flowers of S. myrtifolium during full blooming period, namely Euploea core, Hypolimnas bolina, Telicota colon, Eurema hecabe, Rapala pheretima, Apis cerana, Apis mellifera, Trigona sp., Dysphania sagana, Amata trigonophora, Chrysomya megacephala, Lucilia caesar. They belong to three orders, i.e. Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera; and eight families, namely Calliphoridae, Apidae, Hesperiidae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Geometridae, Erebidae, and Pieridae.
Karyotype analysis of three species of Allium (Amaryllidaceae) from Thailand: - Surapon Saensouk; Piyaporn Saensouk
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220844

Abstract

Abstract. Saensouk S, Saensouk P. 2021. Karyotype analysis of three species of Allium (Amaryllidaceae) from Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 3458-3466. Comprehensive karyotype analysis of three species of Allium from Thailand has not been reported. This work aims to study karyotype analysis of three species of Allium from Thailand. It is confusing due to the use of the common name or local name or local Thai name and morphologies. The karyotype analysis of three species with two variations in the genus Allium from Thailand were studied from root tips and observed under a microscope then karyotype was obtained from 10 metaphase plates. The chromosome numbers of them were found 2n = 16. The karyotype formulas of them were constructed as 14m + 2st (Allium ascalonicum L. or shallot), 12m + 2sm + 2st (A. cepa L. or onion), 10m + 6sm (1 sat) (A. cepa L. or red onion), 10m + 4sm + 2st (A. sativum L. or big garlic or Chinese garlic) and 8m + 6sm + 2st (A. sativum L. or small garlic or Thai garlic). Chromosome structure differences among the three species appeared in the number of m, sm and st chromosomes and the satellites at the end of the short arm of A. cepa L. (red onion). This is new data on chromosome structure of the genus Allium. Moreover, the karyotype formulas, chromosome structures and satellites of this study should be used for classification of Allium from Thailand.
Morphological diversity of culturable cyanobacteria from habitats in Segara Anakan, Central Java, Indonesia SITI GIA SYAUQIYAH FITRI; SUTARNO SUTARNO; HERU SASONGKO; HASBIYAN ROSYADI; MEI RATNASARI; SAFIRA CHAIRUNISA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221258

Abstract

Abstract. Fitri SGS, Sutarno, Sasongko H, Rosyadi H, Ratnasari M, Chairunisa S. . 2021. Morphological diversity of culturable cyanobacteria from habitats in Segara Anakan, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5617-5626. Cyanobacteria are Gram-negative bacteria that can undertake oxygenic photosynthesis. This ancient group of microorganisms is ubiquitous, occurs in freshwater, marine, cold, hot, and terrestrial habitats. Can survive on a minimum requirement of light, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water, and able to fix the atmospheric N2 are among of their unique characteristics. These have collectively offered these bio-agents as the precious bio-resource for sustainable development. A variety of cyanobacterial strains promise further advances in biotechnology, including as an alternative source of energy. Before its final use, cyanobacteria undergo several necessary bioprocesses, including strain isolation and selection. This study aims to isolate and identify culturable-cyanobacteria from several habitats in Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Indonesia. The current study is an outset step to obtain potential and suitable agents for biofuel production. Morphological identification using light microscopy showed that cyanobacteria found in samples from different habitats varied. There are 39 cyanobacterial isolates obtained from freshwater, brackish water, and rhizosphere-mangrove soil habitats. Some cyanobacteria are unicellular (Order Chroococcales, Synechococcales, Pleurocapcales), the others are filamentous cyanobacteria (Order Oscillatoriales). These cyanobacteria grow well on BG-11 media. Numerous re-streakings on fresh medium and treatments of ampicillin and nystatin as antibiotic and antifungal, respectively, were carried out to obtain pure cultures. The classification of cultured cyanobacteria has been problematic and complicated. The polyphasic approach was applied to justify the taxonomic classification of the isolates. It is a combination of different methods based on modern molecular, cytomorphological, and ecological methods.
The potential use of Octolasmis spp. parasites in mud crabs Scylla spp. as a bioindicator for mercury pollution Indriyani Nur; ERICK ARJUNA ARIS; YUSNAINI YUSNAINI; SARA BEAVIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 9 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220921

Abstract

Abstract. Nur I, Aris EA, Yusnaini Y, Beavis S. 2021. The potential use of Octolasmis spp. parasites in mud crabs Scylla spp. as a bioindicator for mercury pollution. Biodiversitas 22: 3764-3772. Artisanal small-scale gold mining and the use of mercury is widespread across Indonesia, often characterized by relatively short-lived gold rushes. In the late and post-mining phases, mercury stored in mine tailings and river beds was transported down catchment, posing risks to ecosystems and human health over much longer time scales. These risks can be under-rated when mercury concentrations in water, sediments, and aquatic species are low enough to meet relevant guideline thresholds. In this study in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, we have investigated the Costraca barnacle, Octolasmis, as a bioindicator of mercury contamination. The presence of Octolasmis parasites in mud crabs, Scylla spp., and the accumulation of mercury (Hg) in the hosts, parasites, and the ambient environment, were analyzed across both dry and wet seasons. Severe infestation of Octolasmis was assessed using prevalence, abundance, and intensity. Hg concentrations were significantly higher in the Octolasmis parasites than in the host tissues, water and sediments. The mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Hg equaled 7938.21 from water to parasites, and 28.91 from the host’s gill tissue to the parasites. The results suggest that Octolasmis spp. can be used effectively as a bioindicator in coastal catchments impacted by mercury contamination, even when concentrations of mercury are low in water and river sediments. The study provides the first report of Octolasmis spp. parasitized to mud crabs as a reliable bioindicator of Hg contamination and pollution.
Fractions and isolated compounds from Lansium domesticum fruit peel exhibited cytotoxic activity against T-47D and HepG2 cell lines Khusnul Fadhilah; Subagus Wahyuono; Puji Astuti
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 9 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220918

Abstract

Abstract. Fadhilah K, Wahyuono S, Astuti P. 2021. Fractions and isolated compounds from Lansium domesticum fruit peel exhibited cytotoxic activity against T-47D and HepG2 cell lines. Biodiversitas 22: 3743-3748. Lansium domesticum (Fam. Meliaceae), a tropical fruit (local name, Duku), has been reported to have various biological activities. At the moment we emphasize on searching compounds to have cytotoxic activity from the peel of L. domesticum. The study was initiated by extraction with EtOAc followed by fractionation that was monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and cytotoxicity against T-47D and HepG2 cells. The EtOAc extract of the sample was triturated with n-hexane to give n-hexane soluble (A) n-hexane insoluble fractions (B). The B fraction was fractionated by vacuum column chromatography using gradient solvent composition of n-hexane: acetone to give 18 fractions. According to TLC similarity pictures, fractions were combined to give 6 fractions (I-VI). Isolation was performed using preparative TLC, and the cytotoxic assay was performed using MTT method. The isolated compound was identified as a sesquiterpene having one aldehyde functional group, based on spectroscopic data.The isolated compound displayed cytotoxic activity on T-47D (IC50, 48.58 + 0.96 µg/mL) and HepG2 (IC50, 127.45 + 25.76 µg/mL).

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